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Open Access 01-12-2014 | Research article

Intrathecal injection of fluorocitric acid inhibits the activation of glial cells causing reduced mirror pain in rats

Authors: Jing Cao, Zhihua Li, Zhenhua Zhang, Xiuhua Ren, Qingzan Zhao, Jinping Shao, Ming Li, Jiannan Wang, Puchao Huang, Weidong Zang

Published in: BMC Anesthesiology | Issue 1/2014

Abstract

Background

Growing evidence has shown that unilateral nerve injury results in pain hypersensitivity in the ipsilateral and contralateral sides respective to the injury site. This phenomenon is known as mirror image pain (MIP). Glial cells have been indicated in the mechanism of MIP; however, it is not clear how glial cells are involved in MIP.

Methods

To observe phenomenon MIP and the following mechanism, 20 adult male Sprague–Dawley rats (weighing 180–220 g) were separated into two groups: Sham Group (n = 10) and left L5 spinal nerve ligated and sectioned (SNL) group (n = 10). Thermal hyperalgesia and mechanical hypersensitivity were measured for both groups to determine if the SNL model had Mirror image of Pain (MIP). Nav1.7 protein expression in DRG was analyzed using immunohistochemistry and western-blotting. And then to observe the effect of fluorocitrate on MIP, 15 rats were separated into three Groups: Sham Group (n = 5); SNL + FC group: intrathecal injection of Fluorocitric acid(FC) 1 nmol/10 μL (n = 5); SNL + NS group: intrathecal injection of 0.9% Normal Saline (n = 5). Behavior testing, immunocytochemistry, and western-blotting using dorsal root ganglion (DRG) from both sides were then conducted.

Results

The results showed pain hypersensitivity in both hind-paws of the SNL animals, Mechanical tests showed the paw withdrawal threshold dropped from 13.30 ± 1.204 g to 2.57 ± 1.963 g at 14 d as will as the ipsilateral paw thermal withdrawal threshold dropped from 16.5 ± 2.236 s to 4.38 ± 2.544 s at 14d. Mechanical tests showed the contralateral paw withdrawal threshold dropped from 14.01 ± 1.412 to 4.2 ± 1.789 g at 7d will the thermal withdrawal threshold dropped from 16.8 ± 2.176 s to 7.6 ± 1.517 s at 7d. Nav1.7 expression increased and glial cells actived in bilateral side DRG after SNL compared with sham group. After intrathecal injection of fluorocitrate, the glial cell in bilatral DRG were inhibited and the pain behavior were reversed in both hindpaws too.

Conclusions

Fluorocitrate can inhibit the activation of glial cells in spinal cord and DRG, and reduce MIP.

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The pre-publication history for this paper can be accessed here:http://www.biomedcentral.com/1471-2253/14/119/prepub

Title: Intrathecal injection of fluorocitric acid inhibits the activation of glial cells causing reduced mirror pain in rats
Authors: Jing Cao
Zhihua Li
Zhenhua Zhang
Xiuhua Ren
Qingzan Zhao
Jinping Shao
Ming Li
Jiannan Wang
Puchao Huang
Weidong Zang
Publication date: 01-12-2014
Publisher: BioMed Central
Published in: BMC Anesthesiology / Issue 1/2014
Electronic ISSN: 1471-2253
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1186/1471-2253-14-119

At a glance: The ONWARDS insulin icodec trials

Springer Medicine

Intrathecal injection of fluorocitric acid inhibits the activation of glial cells causing reduced mirror pain in rats

Abstract

Background

Methods

Results

Conclusions

At a glance: The ONWARDS insulin icodec trials

Springer Medicine

Abstract

Background

Methods

Results

Conclusions

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