Top

The Journal of Headache and Pain

Published in:

Open Access 01-12-2014 | Research article

Influences of smoking and caffeine consumption on trigeminal pain processing

Authors: Dagny Holle, Anke Heber, Steffen Naegel, Hans-Christoph Diener, Zaza Katsarava, Mark Obermann

Published in: The Journal of Headache and Pain | Issue 1/2014

Abstract

Background

Many human and animal studies have shown the influence of nicotine and caffeine on pain perception and processing. This study aims to investigate whether smoking or caffeine consumption influences trigeminal pain processing.

Methods

Sixty healthy subjects were investigated using simultaneous recordings of the nociceptive blink reflex (nBR) and pain related evoked potentials (PREP) following nociceptive electrical stimulation on both sides of the forehead (V1). Thirty subjects were investigated before and after smoking a cigarette, as well as before and after taking a tablet of 400 mg caffeine.

Results

After smoking PREP showed decreased N2 and P2 latencies indicating central facilitation at supraspinal (thalamic or cortical) level. PREP amplitudes were not changed. NBR showed a decreased area under the curve (AUC) indicating central inhibition at brainstem level. After caffeine intake no significant changes were observed comparing nBR and PREP results before consumption.

Conclusions

Smoking influences trigeminal pain processing on supraspinal and brainstem level. In the investigated setting, caffeine consumption does not significantly alter trigeminal pain processing. This observation might help in the further understanding of the pathophysiology of pain disorders that are associated with excessive smoking habits such as cluster headache. Previous smoking has to be taken into account when performing electrophysiological studies to avoid bias of study results.

Available only for authorised users

Rozen TD, Fishman RS: Cluster headache in the United States of America: demographics, clinical characteristics, triggers, suicidality, and personal burden. Headache 2012, 52: 99–113. doi:10.1111/j.1526–4610.2011.02028.x 10.1111/j.1526-4610.2011.02028.xCrossRefPubMed

Bigal ME, Lipton RB: Overuse of acute migraine medications and migraine chronification. Curr Pain Headache Rep 2009, 13: 301–307. 10.1007/s11916-009-0048-3CrossRefPubMed

Sjaastad O, Bakketeig LS: Caffeine-withdrawal headache. The Vågå study of headache epidemiology. Cephalalgia 2004, 24: 241–249. doi:10.1111/j.1468–2982.2003.00638.x 10.1111/j.1468-2982.2003.00638.xCrossRefPubMed

Anderson KL, Pinkerton KE, Simons CT UD, Carstens MI, Carstens E: Antinociception induced by chronic exposure of rats to cigarette smoke. Neurosci Lett 2004, 366: 86–91. doi:10.1016/j.neulet.2004.05.020 10.1016/j.neulet.2004.05.020CrossRefPubMed

Eriksen W, Natvig B, Rutle O, Bruusgaard D: Smoking and the functional status of young adults. Scand J Prim Health Care 1999, 17: 174–179. 10.1080/028134399750002601CrossRefPubMed

Scott SC, Goldberg MS, Mayo NE, Stock SR, Poîtras B: The association between cigarette smoking and back pain in adults. Spine 1999, 24: 1090–1098. 10.1097/00007632-199906010-00008CrossRefPubMed

Hestbaek L, Leboeuf-Yde C, Kyvik KO: Are lifestyle-factors in adolescence predictors for adult low back pain? a cross-sectional and prospective study of young twins. BMC Musculoskelet Disord 2006, 7: 27. doi:10.1186/1471–2474–7-27 10.1186/1471-2474-7-27PubMedCentralCrossRefPubMed

Kaila-Kangas L, Leino-Arjas P, Riihimäki H, Luukkonen R, Kirjonen J: Smoking and overweight as predictors of hospitalization for back disorders. Spine 2003, 28: 1860–1868. doi:10.1097/01.BRS.0000083284.47176.80 10.1097/01.BRS.0000083284.47176.80CrossRefPubMed

Mattila VM, Saarni L, Parkkari J, Koivusilta L, Rimpelä A: Predictors of low back pain hospitalization–a prospective follow-up of 57,408 adolescents. Pain 2008, 139: 209–217. doi:10.1016/j.pain.2008.03.028 10.1016/j.pain.2008.03.028CrossRefPubMed

10.

Mikkonen P, Leino-Arjas P, Remes J, Zitting P, Taimela S, Karppinen J: Is smoking a risk factor for low back pain in adolescents? A prospective cohort study. Spine 2008, 33: 527–532. doi:10.1097/BRS.0b013e3181657d3c 10.1097/BRS.0b013e3181657d3cCrossRefPubMed

11.

Miranda H, Viikari-Juntura E, Martikainen R, Takala EP, Riihimäki H: Individual factors, occupational loading, and physical exercise as predictors of sciatic pain. Spine 2002, 27: 1102–1109. 10.1097/00007632-200205150-00017CrossRefPubMed

12.

Mustard CA, Kalcevich C, Frank JW, Boyle M: Childhood and early adult predictors of risk of incident back pain: Ontario Child Health Study 2001 follow-up. Am J Epidemiol 2005, 162: 779–786. doi:10.1093/aje/kwi271 10.1093/aje/kwi271CrossRefPubMed

13.

Palmer KT, Syddall H, Cooper C, Coggon D: Smoking and musculoskeletal disorders: findings from a British national survey. Ann Rheum Dis 2003, 62: 33–36. 10.1136/ard.62.1.33PubMedCentralCrossRefPubMed

14.

Power C, Frank J, Hertzman C, Schierhout G, Li L: Predictors of low back pain onset in a prospective British study. Am J Public Health 2001, 91: 1671–1678. 10.2105/AJPH.91.10.1671PubMedCentralCrossRefPubMed

15.

Behrend C, Prasarn M, Coyne E, Horodyski M, Wright J, Rechtine GR: Smoking cessation related to improved patient-reported pain scores following spinal care. J Bone Joint Surg Am 2012, 94: 2161–2166. doi:10.2106/JBJS.K.01598 10.2106/JBJS.K.01598CrossRefPubMed

16.

Kaube H, Katsarava Z, Käufer T, Diener H, Ellrich J: A new method to increase nociception specificity of the human blink reflex. Clin Neurophysiol 2000, 111: 413–416. 10.1016/S1388-2457(99)00295-3CrossRefPubMed

17.

Katsarava Z, Lehnerdt G, Duda B, Ellrich J, Diener HC, Kaube H: Sensitization of trigeminal nociception specific for migraine but not pain of sinusitis. Neurology 2002, 59: 1450–1453. 10.1212/WNL.59.9.1450CrossRefPubMed

18.

Mueser K, Waller D, Levander S, Schalling D: Smoking and pain–a method of limits and sensory decision theory analysis. Scand J Psychol 1984, 25: 289–296. 10.1111/j.1467-9450.1984.tb01021.xCrossRefPubMed

19.

Friedman J, Goldberg H, Horvath TB, Meares RA: The effect of tobacco smoking on evoked potentials. Clin Exp Pharmacol Physiol 1974, 1: 249–258. 10.1111/j.1440-1681.1974.tb00547.xCrossRefPubMed

20.

Houlihan ME, Pritchard WS, Robinson JH: Effects of smoking/nicotine on performance and event-related potentials during a short-term memory scanning task. Psychopharmacology (Berl) 2001, 156: 388–396. 10.1007/s002130100751CrossRef

21.

Knott V, Bosman M, Mahoney C, Ilivitsky V, Quirt K: Transdermal nicotine: single dose effects on mood, EEG, performance, and event-related potentials. Pharmacol Biochem Behav 1999, 63: 253–261. 10.1016/S0091-3057(99)00006-4CrossRefPubMed

22.

Woodson PP, Baettig K, Etkin MW Kallman WM, Harry GJ, Kallman MJ, Rosecrans JA: Effects of nicotine on the visual evoked response. Pharmacol Biochem Behav 1982, 17: 915–920. 10.1016/0091-3057(82)90472-5CrossRefPubMed

23.

Miyazaki T, Wang X, Inui K, Domino E, Kakigi R: The effect of smoking on pain-related evoked potentials. Brain Res 2010, 1313: 185–191. doi:10.1016/j.brainres.2009.12.022CrossRefPubMed

24.

Wüllner U, Gündisch D, Herzog H, Minnerop M, Joe A, Warnecke M, Jessen F, Schütz C, Reinhardt M, Eschner W, Klockgether T, Schmaljohann J: Smoking upregulates alpha4beta2* nicotinic acetylcholine receptors in the human brain. Neurosci Lett 2008, 430: 34–37. doi:10.1016/j.neulet.2007.10.011 10.1016/j.neulet.2007.10.011CrossRefPubMed

25.

Berge TI: Pattern of self-administered paracetamol and codeine analgesic consumption after mandibular third-molar surgery. Acta Odontol Scand 1997, 55: 270–276. 10.3109/00016359709114963CrossRefPubMed

26.

Sudo S, Sudo M, Simons CT, Sudo S, Sudo M, Simons CT, Dessirier JM, Carstens E: Sensitization of trigeminal caudalis neuronal responses to intraoral acid and salt stimuli and desensitization by nicotine. Pain 2002, 98: 277–286. 10.1016/S0304-3959(02)00025-8CrossRefPubMed

27.

Fredholm BB, Bättig K, Holmén J, Holmén J, Nehlig A, Zvartau EE: Actions of caffeine in the brain with special reference to factors that contribute to its widespread use. Pharmacol Rev 1999, 51: 83–133.PubMed

28.

Sawynok J: Adenosine and ATP receptors. Handb Exp Pharmacol 2007, 117: 309–328.

29.

Gayawali K, Pandhi P, Sharma PL: Determination of the optimal analgesia-potentiating dose of caffeine and a study of its effect on the pharmacokinetics of aspirin in mice. Methods Find Exp Clin Pharmacol 1991, 13: 529–533.PubMed

30.

Granados-Soto V, Castañeda-Hernández G: A review of the pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic factors in the potentiation of the antinociceptive effect of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs by caffeine. J Pharmacol Toxicol Methods 1999, 42: 67–72. 10.1016/S1056-8719(00)00044-7CrossRefPubMed

31.

Godfrey L, Yan L, Clarke GD, Ledent C, Kitchen I, Hourani SM: Modulation of paracetamol antinociception by caffeine and by selective adenosine A2 receptor antagonists in mice. Eur J Pharmacol 2006, 531: 80–86. doi:10.1016/j.ejphar.2005.12.004 10.1016/j.ejphar.2005.12.004CrossRefPubMed

32.

Siegers CP: Effects of caffeine on the absorption and analgesic efficacy of paracetamol in rats. Pharmacology 1973, 10: 19–27. 10.1159/000136417CrossRefPubMed

33.

Esser MJ, Sawynok J: Caffeine blockade of the thermal antihyperalgesic effect of acute amitriptyline in a rat model of neuropathic pain. Eur J Pharmacol 2000, 399: 131–139. 10.1016/S0014-2999(00)00336-8CrossRefPubMed

34.

Ulugol A, Karadag HC, Tamer M, Firat Z, Aslantas A, Dokmeci I: Involvement of adenosine in the anti-allodynic effect of amitriptyline in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats. Neurosci Lett 2002, 328: 129–132. 10.1016/S0304-3940(02)00491-3CrossRefPubMed

35.

Yaba G, Sezer Z, Tekol Y: Interaction between venlafaxine and caffeine on antinociception in mice. Pharmazie 2006, 61: 60–62.PubMed

36.

Sawynok J, Reid AR, Fredholm BB: Caffeine reverses antinociception by amitriptyline in wild type mice but not in those lacking adenosine A1 receptors. Neurosci Lett 2008, 440: 181–184. doi:10.1016/j.neulet.2008.05.074 10.1016/j.neulet.2008.05.074CrossRefPubMed

37.

Tomić MA, Vucković SM, Stepanović-Petrović RM, Ugresic N, Prostran MS, Bosković B: Peripheral anti-hyperalgesia by oxcarbazepine: involvement of adenosine A1 receptors. Pharmazie 2006, 61: 566–568.PubMed

38.

Sawynok J, Reid AR, Fredholm BB: Caffeine reverses antinociception by oxcarbazepine by inhibition of adenosine A1 receptors: insights using knockout mice. Neurosci Lett 2010, 473: 178–181. doi:10.1016/j.neulet.2010.02.028 10.1016/j.neulet.2010.02.028CrossRefPubMed

39.

Teekachunhatean S, Tosri N, Rojanasthien N, Srichairatanakool S, Sangdee C: Pharmacokinetics of Caffeine following a Single Administration of Coffee Enema versus Oral Coffee Consumption in Healthy Male Subjects. ISRN Pharmacol 2013, 147238. doi:10.1155/2013/147238

Title: Influences of smoking and caffeine consumption on trigeminal pain processing
Authors: Dagny Holle
Anke Heber
Steffen Naegel
Hans-Christoph Diener
Zaza Katsarava
Mark Obermann
Publication date: 01-12-2014
Publisher: Springer Milan
Published in: The Journal of Headache and Pain / Issue 1/2014
Print ISSN: 1129-2369
Electronic ISSN: 1129-2377
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1186/1129-2377-15-39

Keynote webinar | Spotlight on medication adherence

Springer Medicine

Influences of smoking and caffeine consumption on trigeminal pain processing

Abstract

Background

Methods

Results

Conclusions

Keynote webinar | Spotlight on medication adherence

Springer Medicine

Abstract

Background

Methods

Results

Conclusions

Please log in to get access to this content

Other articles of this Issue 1/2014

Ophthalmoplegia starting with a headache circumscribed in a line-shaped area: a subtype of ophthalmoplegic migraine?

Access to care - an unmet need in headache management?

Elevated audiovisual temporal interaction in patients with migraine without aura

Erratum to: Hemicrania continua- building on experience and clinical science

Field testing the alternative criteria for tension-type headache proposed in the third beta edition of the international classification of headache disorders: results from the Korean headache-sleep study

The global burden of headache in children and adolescents – developing a questionnaire and methodology for a global study