Top

International Journal of Implant Dentistry

Published in:

Open Access 01-12-2016 | Research

Growth factor and pro-inflammatory cytokine contents in platelet-rich plasma (PRP), plasma rich in growth factors (PRGF), advanced platelet-rich fibrin (A-PRF), and concentrated growth factors (CGF)

Authors: Hideo Masuki, Toshimitsu Okudera, Taisuke Watanebe, Masashi Suzuki, Kazuhiko Nishiyama, Hajime Okudera, Koh Nakata, Kohya Uematsu, Chen-Yao Su, Tomoyuki Kawase

Published in: International Journal of Implant Dentistry | Issue 1/2016

Abstract

Background

The development of platelet-rich fibrin (PRF) drastically simplified the preparation procedure of platelet-concentrated biomaterials, such as platelet-rich plasma (PRP), and facilitated their clinical application. PRF’s clinical effectiveness has often been demonstrated in pre-clinical and clinical studies; however, it is still controversial whether growth factors are significantly concentrated in PRF preparations to facilitate wound healing and tissue regeneration. To address this matter, we performed a comparative study of growth factor contents in PRP and its derivatives, such as advanced PRF (A-PRF) and concentrated growth factors (CGF).

Methods

PRP and its derivatives were prepared from the same peripheral blood samples collected from healthy donors. A-PRF and CGF preparations were homogenized and centrifuged to produce extracts. Platelet and white blood cell counts in A-PRF and CGF preparations were determined by subtracting those counts in red blood cell fractions, supernatant acellular serum fractions, and A-PRF/CGF exudate fractions from those counts of whole blood samples. Concentrations of growth factors (TGF-β1, PDGF-BB, VEGF) and pro-inflammatory cytokines (IL-1β, IL-6) were determined using ELISA kits.

Results

Compared to PRP preparations, both A-PRF and CGF extracts contained compatible or higher levels of platelets and platelet-derived growth factors. In a cell proliferation assay, both A-PRF and CGF extracts significantly stimulated the proliferation of human periosteal cells without significant reduction at higher doses.

Conclusions

These data clearly demonstrate that both A-PRF and CGF preparations contain significant amounts of growth factors capable of stimulating periosteal cell proliferation, suggesting that A-PRF and CGF preparations function not only as a scaffolding material but also as a reservoir to deliver certain growth factors at the site of application.

Kawase T. Platelet-rich plasma and its derivatives as promising bioactive materials for regenerative medicine: basic principles and concepts underlying recent advances. Odontology. 2015;103:126–35.CrossRefPubMed

Anitua E. The use of plasma-rich growth factors (PRGF) in oral surgery. Pract Proced Aesthet Dent. 2001;13:487–93.PubMed

Choukroun J. Advanced PRF, &i-PRF: platelet concentrates or blood concentrates? J Periodont Med Clin Practice. 2014;1:3.

Corigliano M, Sacco L, Baldoni E. CGF- una proposta terapeutica per la medicina rigenerativa. Odontoiatria. 2010;1:69–81.

Nakajima Y, Kawase T, Kobayashi M, Okuda K, Wolff LF, Yoshie H. Bioactivity of freeze-dried platelet-rich plasma in an adsorbed form on a biodegradable polymer material. Platelets. 2012;23:594–603.CrossRefPubMed

Okuda K, Kawase T, Momose M, Murata M, Saito Y, Suzuki H, Wolff LF, Yoshie H. Platelet-rich plasma contains high levels of platelet-derived growth factor and transforming growth factor-beta and modulates the proliferation of periodontally related cells in vitro. J Periodontol. 2003;74:849–57.CrossRefPubMed

Kobayashi M, Kawase T, Horimizu M, Okuda K, Wolff LF, Yoshie H. A proposed protocol for the standardized preparation of PRF membranes for clinical use. Biologicals. 2012;40:323–9.CrossRefPubMed

Takeda Y, Katsutoshi K, Matsuzaka K, Inoue T. The effect of concentrated growth factor on rat bone marrow cells in vitro and on calvarial bone healing in vivo. Int J Oral Maxillofac Implants. 2015;30:1187–96.CrossRefPubMed

Nishimoto S, Fujita K, Sotsuka Y, Kinoshita M, Fujiwara T, Kawai K, Kakibuchi M. Growth factor measurement and histological analysis in platelet rich fibrin: a pilot study. J Maxillofac Oral Surg. 2015;14:907–13.CrossRefPubMed

10.

Lundquist R, Dziegiel MH, Agren MS. Bioactivity and stability of endogenous fibrogenic factors in platelet-rich fibrin. Wound Repair Regen. 2008;16:356–63.CrossRefPubMed

11.

Su CY, Kuo YP, Tseng YH, Su CH, Burnouf T. In vitro release of growth factors from platelet-rich fibrin (PRF): a proposal to optimize the clinical applications of PRF. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol Oral Radiol Endod. 2009;108:56–61.CrossRefPubMed

12.

Nishiyama K, Okudera T, Watanabe T, Isobe K, Suzuki M, Masuki H, Okudera H, Uematsu K, Nakata K, Kawase T. Basic characteristics of plasma rich in growth factors (PRGF): blood cell components and biological effects. Clin Exp Dent Res. 2016:DOI: 10.1002/cre2.26.

13.

Clipet F, Tricot S, Alno N, Massot M, Solhi H, Cathelineau G, Perez F, De Mello G, Pellen-Mussi P. In vitro effects of Choukroun’s platelet-rich fibrin conditioned medium on 3 different cell lines implicated in dental implantology. Implant Dent. 2012;21:51–6.CrossRefPubMed

14.

Gassling VL, Acil Y, Springer IN, Hubert N, Wiltfang J. Platelet-rich plasma and platelet-rich fibrin in human cell culture. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol Oral Radiol Endod. 2009;108:48–55.CrossRefPubMed

15.

He L, Lin Y, Hu X, Zhang Y, Wu H. A comparative study of platelet-rich fibrin (PRF) and platelet-rich plasma (PRP) on the effect of proliferation and differentiation of rat osteoblasts in vitro. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol Oral Radiol Endod. 2009;108:707–13.CrossRefPubMed

16.

Kang YH, Jeon SH, Park JY, Chung JH, Choung YH, Choung HW, Kim ES, Choung PH. Platelet-rich fibrin is a bioscaffold and reservoir of growth factors for tissue regeneration. Tissue Eng Part A. 2011;17:349–59.CrossRefPubMed

17.

Passaretti F, Tia M, D’Esposito V, De Pascale M, Del Corso M, Sepulveres R, Liguoro D, Valentino R, Beguinot F, Formisano P, Sammartino G. Growth-promoting action and growth factor release by different platelet derivatives. Platelets. 2014;25:252–6.CrossRefPubMed

18.

Roy S, Driggs J, Elgharably H, Biswas S, Findley M, Khanna S, Gnyawali U, Bergdall VK, Sen CK. Platelet-rich fibrin matrix improves wound angiogenesis via inducing endothelial cell proliferation. Wound Repair Regen. 2011;19:753–66.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral

19.

Lucarelli E, Beretta R, Dozza B, Tazzari PL, O’Connel SM, Ricci F, Pierini M, Squarzoni S, Pagliaro PP, Oprita EI, Donati D. A recently developed bifacial platelet-rich fibrin matrix. Eur Cell Mater. 2010;20:13–23.PubMed

20.

Zumstein MA, Berger S, Schober M, Boileau P, Nyffeler RW, Horn M, Dahinden CA. Leukocyte- and platelet-rich fibrin (L-PRF) for long-term delivery of growth factor in rotator cuff repair: review, preliminary results and future directions. Curr Pharm Biotechnol. 2012;13:1196–206.CrossRefPubMed

21.

Dohan DM, Choukroun J, Diss A, Dohan SL, Dohan AJ, Mouhyi J, Gogly B. Platelet-rich fibrin (PRF): a second-generation platelet concentrate. Part I: technological concepts and evolution. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol Oral Radiol Endod. 2006;101:e37–44.CrossRefPubMed

22.

Kobayashi M, Kawase T, Okuda K, Wolff LF, Yoshie H. In vitro immunological and biological evaluations of the angiogenic potential of platelet-rich fibrin preparations: a standardized comparison with PRP preparations. Int J Implant Dent. 2015;1:31.CrossRef

23.

Sonnenschein SK, Meyle J. Local inflammatory reactions in patients with diabetes and periodontitis. Periodontol 2000. 2015;69:221–54.CrossRefPubMed

Title: Growth factor and pro-inflammatory cytokine contents in platelet-rich plasma (PRP), plasma rich in growth factors (PRGF), advanced platelet-rich fibrin (A-PRF), and concentrated growth factors (CGF)
Authors: Hideo Masuki
Toshimitsu Okudera
Taisuke Watanebe
Masashi Suzuki
Kazuhiko Nishiyama
Hajime Okudera
Koh Nakata
Kohya Uematsu
Chen-Yao Su
Tomoyuki Kawase
Publication date: 01-12-2016
Publisher: Springer Berlin Heidelberg
Published in: International Journal of Implant Dentistry / Issue 1/2016
Electronic ISSN: 2198-4034
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1186/s40729-016-0052-4

Keynote webinar | Spotlight on medication adherence

Springer Medicine

Growth factor and pro-inflammatory cytokine contents in platelet-rich plasma (PRP), plasma rich in growth factors (PRGF), advanced platelet-rich fibrin (A-PRF), and concentrated growth factors (CGF)

Abstract

Background

Methods

Results

Conclusions

Keynote webinar | Spotlight on medication adherence

Springer Medicine

Abstract

Background

Methods

Results

Conclusions

Please log in to get access to this content

Other articles of this Issue 1/2016

Vitamin D deficiency in early implant failure: two case reports

Use of a trephine bur and curette for minimally invasive harvesting of particulate cancellous bone and marrow from the iliac crest: a case of alveolar ridge reconstruction

Relation between the stability of dental implants and two biological markers during the healing period: a prospective clinical study

Dental implants in patients treated with antiresorptive medication – a systematic literature review

A case of peri-implantitis and osteoradionecrosis arising around dental implants placed before radiation therapy

A prospective study of the relationship between patient character and blood pressure in dental implant surgery