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Alzheimer's Research & Therapy
Published in: Alzheimer's Research & Therapy 1/2015

Open Access 01-12-2015 | Research

Mild cognitive impairment and deficits in instrumental activities of daily living: a systematic review

Authors: Katrin Jekel, Marinella Damian, Carina Wattmo, Lucrezia Hausner, Roger Bullock, Peter J Connelly, Bruno Dubois, Maria Eriksdotter, Michael Ewers, Elmar Graessel, Milica G Kramberger, Emma Law, Patrizia Mecocci, José L Molinuevo, Louise Nygård, Marcel GM Olde-Rikkert, Jean-Marc Orgogozo, Florence Pasquier, Karine Peres, Eric Salmon, Sietske AM Sikkes, Tomasz Sobow, René Spiegel, Magda Tsolaki, Bengt Winblad, Lutz Frölich

Published in: Alzheimer's Research & Therapy | Issue 1/2015

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Abstract

Introduction

There is a growing body of evidence that subtle deficits in instrumental activities of daily living (IADL) may be present in mild cognitive impairment (MCI). However, it is not clear if there are IADL domains that are consistently affected across patients with MCI. In this systematic review, therefore, we aimed to summarize research results regarding the performance of MCI patients in specific IADL (sub)domains compared with persons who are cognitively normal and/or patients with dementia.

Methods

The databases PsycINFO, PubMed and Web of Science were searched for relevant literature in December 2013. Publications from 1999 onward were considered for inclusion. Altogether, 497 articles were retrieved. Reference lists of selected articles were searched for potentially relevant articles. After screening the abstracts of these 497 articles, 37 articles were included in this review.

Results

In 35 studies, IADL deficits (such as problems with medication intake, telephone use, keeping appointments, finding things at home and using everyday technology) were documented in patients with MCI. Financial capacity in patients with MCI was affected in the majority of studies. Effect sizes for group differences between patients with MCI and healthy controls were predominantly moderate to large. Performance-based instruments showed slight advantages (in terms of effect sizes) in detecting group differences in IADL functioning between patients with MCI, patients with Alzheimer’s disease and healthy controls.

Conclusion

IADL requiring higher neuropsychological functioning seem to be most severely affected in patients with MCI. A reliable identification of such deficits is necessary, as patients with MCI with IADL deficits seem to have a higher risk of converting to dementia than patients with MCI without IADL deficits. The use of assessment tools specifically designed and validated for patients with MCI is therefore strongly recommended. Furthermore, the development of performance-based assessment instruments should be intensified, as they allow a valid and reliable assessment of subtle IADL deficits in MCI, even if a proxy is not available. Another important point to consider when designing new scales is the inclusion of technology-associated IADL. Novel instruments for clinical practice should be time-efficient and easy to administer.
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Metadata
Title
Mild cognitive impairment and deficits in instrumental activities of daily living: a systematic review
Authors
Katrin Jekel
Marinella Damian
Carina Wattmo
Lucrezia Hausner
Roger Bullock
Peter J Connelly
Bruno Dubois
Maria Eriksdotter
Michael Ewers
Elmar Graessel
Milica G Kramberger
Emma Law
Patrizia Mecocci
José L Molinuevo
Louise Nygård
Marcel GM Olde-Rikkert
Jean-Marc Orgogozo
Florence Pasquier
Karine Peres
Eric Salmon
Sietske AM Sikkes
Tomasz Sobow
René Spiegel
Magda Tsolaki
Bengt Winblad
Lutz Frölich
Publication date
01-12-2015
Publisher
BioMed Central
Published in
Alzheimer's Research & Therapy / Issue 1/2015
Electronic ISSN: 1758-9193
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1186/s13195-015-0099-0

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