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Diabetology & Metabolic Syndrome
Published in: Diabetology & Metabolic Syndrome 1/2016

Open Access 01-12-2016 | Original research

Factors associated with glucose tolerance, pre-diabetes, and type 2 diabetes in a rural community of south India: a cross-sectional study

Authors: Matthew Little, Sally Humphries, Kirit Patel, Warren Dodd, Cate Dewey

Published in: Diabetology & Metabolic Syndrome | Issue 1/2016

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Abstract

Background

India’s national rural prevalence of type 2 diabetes has quadrupled in the past 25 years. Despite the growing rural burden, few studies have examined putative risk factors and their relationship with glucose intolerance and diabetes in rural areas. We undertook a cross-sectional study to determine the prevalence of impaired fasting glucose (IFG), impaired glucose tolerance (IGT), and type 2 diabetes in a rural area of south India. In addition, we determined which factors were associated with type 2 diabetes.

Methods

We sampled 2 % of the adult population from 17 villages using a randomized household-level sampling technique. Each participant undertook a questionnaire that included basic descriptive information and an assessment of socioeconomic status, physical activity, and dietary intake. Height, weight, waist and hip circumference, and blood pressure measurements were taken. An oral glucose tolerance test was used to determine diabetes status. We used stepwise logistic model building techniques to determine associations between several putative factors and type 2 diabetes.

Results

753 participants were included in the study. The age- and sex-standardized prevalence of IFG was 3.9 %, IGT was 5.6 %, and type 2 diabetes was 10.8 %. Factors associated with type 2 diabetes after adjusting for confounders included physical activity [OR 0.81], rurality [OR 0.76], polyunsaturated fat intake [OR 0.94], body mass index [OR 1.85], waist to hip ratio [OR 1.62], and tobacco consumption [OR 2.82].

Conclusion

Our study contributes to the growing body of research suggesting that diabetes is a significant concern in rural south India. Associated risk factors should be considered as potential targets for reducing health burdens in India.
Appendix
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Metadata
Title
Factors associated with glucose tolerance, pre-diabetes, and type 2 diabetes in a rural community of south India: a cross-sectional study
Authors
Matthew Little
Sally Humphries
Kirit Patel
Warren Dodd
Cate Dewey
Publication date
01-12-2016
Publisher
BioMed Central
Published in
Diabetology & Metabolic Syndrome / Issue 1/2016
Electronic ISSN: 1758-5996
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1186/s13098-016-0135-7

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