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Published in: Journal of Hematology & Oncology 1/2017

Open Access 01-12-2017 | Review

PD-1/PD-L blockade in gastrointestinal cancers: lessons learned and the road toward precision immunotherapy

Authors: Junyu Long, Jianzhen Lin, Anqiang Wang, Liangcai Wu, Yongchang Zheng, Xiaobo Yang, Xueshuai Wan, Haifeng Xu, Shuguang Chen, Haitao Zhao

Published in: Journal of Hematology & Oncology | Issue 1/2017

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Abstract

Gastrointestinal (GI) malignancies are the most prevalent tumors worldwide, with increasing incidence and mortality. Although surgical resection, chemotherapy, radiotherapy, and molecular targeted therapy have led to significant advances in the treatment of GI cancer patients, overall survival is still low. Therefore, alternative strategies must be identified to improve patient outcomes. In the tumor microenvironment, tumor cells can escape the host immune response through the interaction of PD-1 and PD-L, which inhibits the function of T cells and tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes while increasing the function of immunosuppressive T regulatory cells. The use of an anti-PD-1/PD-L blockade enables reprogramming of the immune system to efficiently identify and kill tumor cells. In recent years, the efficacy of PD-1/PD-L blockade has been demonstrated in many tumors, and this treatment is expected to be a pan-immunotherapy for tumors. Here, we review the signaling pathway underlying the dysregulation of PD-1/PD-L in tumors, summarize the current clinical data for PD-1/PD-L inhibitors in GI malignancies, and discuss road toward precision immunotherapy in relation to PD-1/PD-L blockade. The preliminary data for PD-1/PD-L inhibitors are encouraging, and the precision immunotherapy of PD-1/PD-L inhibitors will be a viable and pivotal clinical strategy for GI cancer therapy.
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Metadata
Title
PD-1/PD-L blockade in gastrointestinal cancers: lessons learned and the road toward precision immunotherapy
Authors
Junyu Long
Jianzhen Lin
Anqiang Wang
Liangcai Wu
Yongchang Zheng
Xiaobo Yang
Xueshuai Wan
Haifeng Xu
Shuguang Chen
Haitao Zhao
Publication date
01-12-2017
Publisher
BioMed Central
Published in
Journal of Hematology & Oncology / Issue 1/2017
Electronic ISSN: 1756-8722
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1186/s13045-017-0511-2

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