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Open Access 01-12-2015 | Research

Aloperine executes antitumor effects against multiple myeloma through dual apoptotic mechanisms

Authors: He Wang, Shu Yang, Hong Zhou, Mingna Sun, Lingran Du, Minyan Wei, Meixia Luo, Jingzhu Huang, Hongzhu Deng, Yinghong Feng, Jun Huang, Yi Zhou

Published in: Journal of Hematology & Oncology | Issue 1/2015

Abstract

Background

Aloperine, a natural alkaloid constituent isolated from the herb Sophora alopecuroides displays anti-inflammatory properties in vitro and in vivo. Our group previously demonstrated that aloperine significantly induced apoptosis in colon cancer SW480 and HCT116 cells. However, its specific target(s) remain to be discovered in multiple myeloma (MM) and have not been investigated.

Methods

Human myeloma cell lines (n = 8), primary myeloma cells (n = 12), drug-resistant myeloma cell lines (n = 2), and animal models were tested for their sensitivity to aloperine in terms of proliferation and apoptosis both in vitro and in vivo, respectively. We also examined the functional mechanisms underlying the apoptotic pathways triggered by aloperine.

Results

Aloperine induced MM cell death in a dose- and time-dependent manner, even in the presence of the proliferative cytokines interleukin-6 and insulin-like growth factor I. Mechanistic studies revealed that aloperine not only activated caspase-8 and reduced the expression of FADD-like interleukin-1β-converting enzyme (FLICE)-like inhibitory protein long (FLIPL) and FLICE-inhibitory proteins (FLIPS) but also activated caspase-9 and decreased the expression of phosphorylated (p)-PTEN. Moreover, co-activation of the caspase-8/cellular FLICE-inhibitory protein (cFLIP)- and caspase-9/p-PTEN/p-AKT-dependent apoptotic pathways by aloperine caused irreversible inhibition of clonogenic survival. Aloperine induce more MM apoptosis with tumor necrosis factor-related apoptosis-inducing ligand (TRAIL) or borterzomib. A U266 xenograft tumor model and 5T33 MM cells recapitulated the antitumor efficacy of aloperine, and the animals displayed excellent tolerance of the drug and few adverse effects.

Conclusions

Aloperine has multifaceted antitumor effects on MM cells. Our data support the clinical development of aloperine for MM therapy.

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Title: Aloperine executes antitumor effects against multiple myeloma through dual apoptotic mechanisms
Authors: He Wang
Shu Yang
Hong Zhou
Mingna Sun
Lingran Du
Minyan Wei
Meixia Luo
Jingzhu Huang
Hongzhu Deng
Yinghong Feng
Jun Huang
Yi Zhou
Publication date: 01-12-2015
Publisher: BioMed Central
Published in: Journal of Hematology & Oncology / Issue 1/2015
Electronic ISSN: 1756-8722
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1186/s13045-015-0120-x

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Abstract

Background

Methods

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Conclusions

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