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World Journal of Emergency Surgery
Published in: World Journal of Emergency Surgery 1/2017

Open Access 01-12-2017 | Review

Acute appendicitis, inflammatory appendiceal mass and the risk of a hidden malignant tumor: a systematic review of the literature

Authors: Frederico José Ribeiro Teixeira Jr, Sérgio Dias do Couto Netto, Eduardo Hiroshi Akaishi, Edivaldo Massazo Utiyama, Carlos Augusto Metidieri Menegozzo, Marcelo Cristiano Rocha

Published in: World Journal of Emergency Surgery | Issue 1/2017

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Abstract

Introduction

Acute appendicitis is significantly common. Despite the increased use of computed tomography, the number of perforated cases has been stable in the past three decades. Between 2% and 6% of patients with acute appendicitis present appendiceal mass, often described as inflammatory phlegmon or abscess. Malignant tumors are confirmed by pathological analysis in 0.9–1.4% of all appendectomies performed to treat acute appendicitis. However, recent series demonstrate an elevated incidence of malignancies, ranging from 5.9 to 12%, in patients with inflammatory appendiceal mass.

Methods

The analysis was based on a systematic review of the literature. The articles were searched in PubMed for the period from 1987 to 2016. Articles presenting the incidence of the hidden malignancy among patients with appendiceal inflammatory mass were selected. Variables as age, interval appendectomy rate, the incidence of neoplasm, time to surgery, minimally invasive assessment, histology, right colectomy rate and morbidity were analyzed.

Results

A total of 13.244 patients were described as presenting acute appendicitis. Appendiceal tumor is present in approximately 1% of the appendectomies, while the rate of neoplasm varies from 10 to 29% in patients presenting appendiceal inflammatory mass. Interval appendectomies, despite been the minority of the procedures, disregard the higher morbidity associated with right sided colectomies. The review of literature also describes oncologic, histologic and clinical aspects of patients presenting appendiceal neoplasm, describing the most frequent histologic subtypes of this illness.

Conclusion

Hidden appendiceal neoplasm in acute appendicitis are rare, fortunately. However, its incidence is much higher in patients presenting appendiceal inflammatory mass. Hence, interval appendectomy should be considered in this subgroup of patients.
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Metadata
Title
Acute appendicitis, inflammatory appendiceal mass and the risk of a hidden malignant tumor: a systematic review of the literature
Authors
Frederico José Ribeiro Teixeira Jr
Sérgio Dias do Couto Netto
Eduardo Hiroshi Akaishi
Edivaldo Massazo Utiyama
Carlos Augusto Metidieri Menegozzo
Marcelo Cristiano Rocha
Publication date
01-12-2017
Publisher
BioMed Central
Published in
World Journal of Emergency Surgery / Issue 1/2017
Electronic ISSN: 1749-7922
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1186/s13017-017-0122-9

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