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Behavioral and Brain Functions

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Open Access 01-12-2016 | Research

Neuropsychological and neurophysiological benefits from white noise in children with and without ADHD

Authors: Simon Baijot, Hichem Slama, Göran Söderlund, Bernard Dan, Paul Deltenre, Cécile Colin, Nicolas Deconinck

Published in: Behavioral and Brain Functions | Issue 1/2015

Abstract

Background

Optimal stimulation theory and moderate brain arousal (MBA) model hypothesize that extra-task stimulation (e.g. white noise) could improve cognitive functions of children with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). We investigate benefits of white noise on attention and inhibition in children with and without ADHD (7–12 years old), both at behavioral and at neurophysiological levels.

Methods

Thirty children with and without ADHD performed a visual cued Go/Nogo task in two conditions (white noise or no-noise exposure), in which behavioral and P300 (mean amplitudes) data were analyzed. Spontaneous eye-blink rates were also recorded and participants went through neuropsychological assessment. Two separate analyses were conducted with each child separately assigned into two groups (1) ADHD or typically developing children (TDC), and (2) noise beneficiaries or non-beneficiaries according to the observed performance during the experiment. This latest categorization, based on a new index we called “Noise Benefits Index” (NBI), was proposed to determine a neuropsychological profile positively sensitive to noise.

Results

Noise exposure reduced omission rate in children with ADHD, who were no longer different from TDC. Eye-blink rate was higher in children with ADHD but was not modulated by white noise. NBI indicated a significant relationship between ADHD and noise benefit. Strong correlations were observed between noise benefit and neuropsychological weaknesses in vigilance and inhibition. Participants who benefited from noise had an increased Go P300 in the noise condition.

Conclusion

The improvement of children with ADHD with white noise supports both optimal stimulation theory and MBA model. However, eye-blink rate results question the dopaminergic hypothesis in the latter. The NBI evidenced a profile positively sensitive to noise, related with ADHD, and associated with weaker cognitive control.

White noise is a continuous random signal-sound from 20 to 20,000 Hz [23].

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Title: Neuropsychological and neurophysiological benefits from white noise in children with and without ADHD
Authors: Simon Baijot
Hichem Slama
Göran Söderlund
Bernard Dan
Paul Deltenre
Cécile Colin
Nicolas Deconinck
Publication date: 01-12-2016
Publisher: BioMed Central
Published in: Behavioral and Brain Functions / Issue 1/2015
Electronic ISSN: 1744-9081
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1186/s12993-016-0095-y

Keynote webinar | Spotlight on medication adherence

Springer Medicine

Neuropsychological and neurophysiological benefits from white noise in children with and without ADHD

Abstract

Background

Methods

Results

Conclusion

Keynote webinar | Spotlight on medication adherence

Springer Medicine

Abstract

Background

Methods

Results

Conclusion

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