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Globalization and Health
Published in: Globalization and Health 1/2020

01-12-2020 | Review

The north-south policy divide in transnational healthcare: a comparative review of policy research on medical tourism in source and destination countries

Authors: Altaf Virani, Adam M. Wellstead, Michael Howlett

Published in: Globalization and Health | Issue 1/2020

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Abstract

Medical tourism occupies different spaces within national policy frameworks depending on which side of the transnational paradigm countries belong to, and how they seek to leverage it towards their developmental goals. This article draws attention to this policy divide in transnational healthcare through a comparative bibliometric review of policy research on medical tourism in select source (Canada, United States and United Kingdom) and destination countries (Mexico, India, Thailand, Malaysia and Singapore), using a systematic search of the Web of Science (WoS) database and review of grey literature. We assess cross-national differences in policy and policy research on medical tourism against contextual policy landscapes and challenges, and examine the convergence between research and policy. Our findings indicate major disparities in development agendas and national policy concerns, both between and among source and destination countries. Further, we find that research on medical tourism does not always address prevailing policy challenges, just as the policy discourse oftentimes neglects relevant policy research on the subject. Based on our review, we highlight the limited application of theoretical policy paradigms in current medical tourism research and make the case for a comparative policy research agenda for the field.
Appendix
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Footnotes
1
We employed the following search string in step 1 to identify publications referring to medical tourism in their titles, abstracts or keywords: “medical tour*” OR “health tour*” OR “healthcare tour*” OR “surgical tour*” OR “transplant tour*” OR “cosmetic tour*” OR “reproductive tour*” OR “abortion tour*” OR “wellness tour*” OR “medical travel” OR “health travel” OR “healthcare travel” OR “surgical travel” OR “cosmetic travel” OR “reproductive travel” OR “wellness travel”. Policy-related materials were demarcated in step 2 with the following search: (“medical tour*” OR “health tour*” OR “healthcare tour*” OR “surgical tour*” OR “transplant tour*” OR “cosmetic tour*” OR “reproductive tour*” OR “abortion tour*” OR “wellness tour*” OR “medical travel” OR “health travel” OR “healthcare travel” OR “surgical travel” OR “cosmetic travel” OR “reproductive travel” OR “wellness travel”) AND (“policy” OR “policies” OR “regulat*” OR “governance” OR “reform”). The syntax from step 2 was used in conjunction with the following search terms: “Canad*” OR “U.K.” OR “United Kingdom” OR “Brit*” OR “England” OR “U.S.” OR “United States” OR “America” OR “India” OR “Thai*” OR “Malay*” OR “Singapore” OR “Mexic*” to identify country-specific policy research in step 3.
 
2
Singapore was ranked top among seven Asian medical destinations in terms of patient experience but least attractive on cost considerations as per an index developed by AB Bernstein and Global Health and Travel in 2017.
 
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Metadata
Title
The north-south policy divide in transnational healthcare: a comparative review of policy research on medical tourism in source and destination countries
Authors
Altaf Virani
Adam M. Wellstead
Michael Howlett
Publication date
01-12-2020
Publisher
BioMed Central
Published in
Globalization and Health / Issue 1/2020
Electronic ISSN: 1744-8603
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1186/s12992-020-00566-3

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