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Journal of Neuroinflammation
Published in: Journal of Neuroinflammation 1/2022

Open Access 01-12-2022 | SARS-CoV-2 | Review

COVID-19 and cognitive impairment: neuroinvasive and blood‒brain barrier dysfunction

Authors: Yanting Chen, Wenren Yang, Feng Chen, Lili Cui

Published in: Journal of Neuroinflammation | Issue 1/2022

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Abstract

Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), has led to a global pandemic. Although COVID-19 was initially described as a respiratory disease, there is growing evidence that SARS-CoV-2 is able to invade the brains of COVID-19 patients and cause cognitive impairment. It has been reported that SARS-CoV-2 may have invasive effects on a variety of cranial nerves, including the olfactory, trigeminal, optic, and vagus nerves, and may spread to other brain regions via infected nerve endings, retrograde transport, and transsynaptic transmission. In addition, the blood–brain barrier (BBB), composed of neurovascular units (NVUs) lining the brain microvasculature, acts as a physical barrier between nerve cells and circulating cells of the immune system and is able to regulate the transfer of substances between the blood and brain parenchyma. Therefore, the BBB may be an important structure for the direct and indirect interaction of SARS-CoV-2 with the brain via the blood circulation. In this review, we assessed the potential involvement of neuroinvasion under the SARS-CoV-2 infection, and the potential impact of BBB disorder under SARS-CoV-2 infection on cognitive impairment.
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Metadata
Title
COVID-19 and cognitive impairment: neuroinvasive and blood‒brain barrier dysfunction
Authors
Yanting Chen
Wenren Yang
Feng Chen
Lili Cui
Publication date
01-12-2022
Publisher
BioMed Central
Published in
Journal of Neuroinflammation / Issue 1/2022
Electronic ISSN: 1742-2094
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1186/s12974-022-02579-8

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