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Malaria Journal
Published in: Malaria Journal 1/2016

Open Access 01-12-2016 | Research

Prevalence of anti-malarial resistance genes in Dakar, Senegal from 2013 to 2014

Authors: Agathe Boussaroque, Bécaye Fall, Marylin Madamet, Khalifa Ababacar Wade, Mansour Fall, Aminata Nakoulima, Khadidiatou Ba Fall, Pierre Dionne, Nicolas Benoit, Bakary Diatta, Yaya Diemé, Boubacar Wade, Bruno Pradines

Published in: Malaria Journal | Issue 1/2016

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Abstract

Background

To determine the impact of the introduction of artemisinin-based combination therapy (ACT) on parasite susceptibility, a molecular surveillance for antimalarial drug resistance was conducted on local isolates from the Hôpital Principal de Dakar between November 2013 and January 2014 and between August 2014 and December 2014.

Methods

The prevalence of genetic polymorphisms in antimalarial resistance genes (pfcrt, pfmdr1, pfdhfr and pfdhps) was evaluated in 103 isolates.

Results

The chloroquine-resistant haplotypes CVIET and CVMET were identified in 31.4 and 3.9 % of the isolates, respectively. The frequency of the pfcrt K76T mutation was increased from 29.3 % in 2013–2014 to 43.2 % in 2014. The pfmdr1 N86Y and Y184F mutations were identified in 6.1 and 53.5 % of the isolates, respectively. The pfdhfr triple mutant (S108N, N51I and C59R) was detected in the majority of the isolates (82.3 %). The prevalence of quadruple mutants (pfdhfr S108N, N51I, C59R and pfdhps A437G) was 40.4 %. One isolate (1.1 %) harboured the pfdhps mutations A437G and K540E and the pfdhfr mutations S108N, N51I and C59R.

Conclusions

Despite a decline in the prevalence of chloroquine resistance due to the official withdrawal of the drug and to the introduction of ACT, the spread of resistance to chloroquine has continued. Furthermore, susceptibility to amodiaquine may be decreased as a result of cross-resistance. The frequency of the pfmdr1 mutation N86Y declined while the Y184F mutation increased in prevalence, suggesting that selective pressure is acting on pfmdr1, leading to a high prevalence of mutations in these isolates and the lack of specific mutations. The 50.5 % prevalence of the pfmdr1 polymorphisms N86Y and Y184F suggests a decrease in lumefantrine susceptibility. Based on these results, intensive surveillance of ACT partner drugs must be conducted regularly in Senegal.
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Metadata
Title
Prevalence of anti-malarial resistance genes in Dakar, Senegal from 2013 to 2014
Authors
Agathe Boussaroque
Bécaye Fall
Marylin Madamet
Khalifa Ababacar Wade
Mansour Fall
Aminata Nakoulima
Khadidiatou Ba Fall
Pierre Dionne
Nicolas Benoit
Bakary Diatta
Yaya Diemé
Boubacar Wade
Bruno Pradines
Publication date
01-12-2016
Publisher
BioMed Central
Published in
Malaria Journal / Issue 1/2016
Electronic ISSN: 1475-2875
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1186/s12936-016-1379-2

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