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BMC Medicine
Published in: BMC Medicine 1/2019

Open Access 01-12-2019 | Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis | Research article

Causal association of type 2 diabetes with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis: new evidence from Mendelian randomization using GWAS summary statistics

Authors: Ping Zeng, Ting Wang, Junnian Zheng, Xiang Zhou

Published in: BMC Medicine | Issue 1/2019

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Abstract

Background

Associations between type 2 diabetes (T2D) and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) were discovered in observational studies in both European and East Asian populations. However, whether such associations are causal remains largely unknown.

Methods

We employed a two-sample Mendelian randomization approach to evaluate the causal relationship of T2D with the risk of ALS in both European and East Asian populations. Our analysis was implemented using summary statistics obtained from large-scale genome-wide association studies with ~660,000 individuals for T2D and ~81,000 individuals for ALS in the European population, and ~191,000 individuals for T2D and ~4100 individuals for ALS in the East Asian population. The causal relationship between T2D and ALS in both populations was estimated using the inverse-variance-weighted methods and was further validated through extensive complementary and sensitivity analyses.

Results

Using multiple instruments that were strongly associated with T2D, a negative association between T2D and ALS was identified in the European population with the odds ratio (OR) estimated to be 0.93 (95% CI 0.88–0.99, p = 0.023), while a positive association between T2D and ALS was observed in the East Asian population with OR = 1.28 (95% CI 0.99–1.62, p = 0.058). These results were robust against instrument selection, various modeling misspecifications, and estimation biases, with the Egger regression and MR-PRESSO ruling out the possibility of horizontal pleiotropic effects of instruments. However, no causal association was found between T2D-related exposures (including glycemic traits) and ALS in the European population.

Conclusion

Our results provide new evidence supporting the causal neuroprotective role of T2D on ALS in the European population and provide empirically suggestive evidence of increasing risk of T2D on ALS in the East Asian population. Our results have an important implication on ALS pathology, paving ways for developing therapeutic strategies across multiple populations.
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Metadata
Title
Causal association of type 2 diabetes with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis: new evidence from Mendelian randomization using GWAS summary statistics
Authors
Ping Zeng
Ting Wang
Junnian Zheng
Xiang Zhou
Publication date
01-12-2019
Publisher
BioMed Central
Published in
BMC Medicine / Issue 1/2019
Electronic ISSN: 1741-7015
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1186/s12916-019-1448-9

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