Top

Published in:

Open Access 01-12-2022 | COVID-19 | Research article

Quality of life (QoL) among COVID-19 recovered healthcare workers in Bangladesh

Authors: Md Utba Rashid, Md Abdullah Saeed Khan, Koustuv Dalal, Soumik Kha Sagar, Mosharop Hossian, Sabrina Yesmin Barsha, Miah Md. Akiful Haque, Mohammad Ali Hossain, Mohammad Hayatun Nabi, Mohammad Delwer Hossain Hawlader

Published in: BMC Health Services Research | Issue 1/2022

Abstract

Background

The Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) caused by the SARS-CoV-2 virus has taken the lives of more than 100,000 healthcare workers (HCWs) so far. Those who survived continuously work under immense physical and psychological pressure, and their quality of life (QoL) is impacted. The study aimed to assess the QoL among HCWs in Bangladesh who recovered from COVID-19.

Methods

This cross-sectional, telephonic interview-based study was conducted among 322 randomly selected HCWs from Bangladesh who were positive for COVID-19 and recovered from the infection before the interview. Data were collected from June to November 2020. We examined the impact of COVID on the QoL of the participants using the validated Bangladesh version of the World Health Organization (WHO) Quality of life questionnaire brief (WHOQOL-BREF). All analyses were done by STATA (Version 16.1).

Results

More than half of the health care professionals were male (56.0%), aged between 26–35 years (51%), and completed graduation (49%). The majority of the study participants in the four domains were married (n = 263, 81%) and living in Dhaka. The average score of the participants was 70.91 ± 13.07, 62.68 ± 14.99, 66.93 ± 15.14, and 63.56 ± 12.11 in physical, psychological, social relationship and environmental domains, respectively. HCWs in urban areas enjoyed 2.4 times better socially stable lives (OR: 2.42, 95% CI: 1.18–4.96) but 72% less psychologically satisfactory lives.

Conclusion

HCWs' post-COVID quality of life depended on variable interaction of demographic socioeconomic, including old age, female sex, graduation, and higher monthly income. The findings indicate the issues which should be addressed to improve the quality of life of frontline workers who fight against the pandemic.

Available only for authorised users

Hawryluck L, Gold WL, Robinson S, Pogorski S, Galea S, Styra R. SARS control and psychological effects of quarantine, Toronto, Canada. Emerg Infect Dis. 2004;10(7):1206–12. Available from: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/15324539

Qiu J, Shen B, Zhao M, Wang Z, Xie B, Xu Y. A nationwide survey of psychological distress among Chinese people in the COVID-19 epidemic: implications and policy recommendations. Gen Psychiatry. 2020;33(2):e100213. Available from: http://gpsych.bmj.com/content/33/2/e100213.abstract

Wang C, Horby PW, Hayden FG, Gao GF. A novel coronavirus outbreak of global health concern. Lancet (London, England). 2020;395(10223):470–3.CrossRef

Woon LS-C, Mansor NS, Mohamad MA, Teoh SH, Leong Bin Abdullah MFI. Quality of life and its predictive factors among healthcare workers after the end of a movement lockdown: the salient roles of COVID-19 stressors, psychological experience, and social support. Front Psychol. 2021;12:1164.

Karlsson U, Fraenkel C-J. Covid-19: risks to healthcare workers and their families. BMJ. 2020;371:3944.CrossRef

European Centre for Disease Control and Prevention. Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) in the EU/EEA and the UK – eighth update. ECDC Rapid Risk Assesment. 2020 [cited 8 Aug 2021]. 1–39. Available from: https://www.ecdc.europa.eu/sites/default/files/documents/covid-19-rapid-risk-assessment-coronavirus-disease-2019-eighth-update-8-april-2020.pdf

Kursumovic E, Lennane S, Cook TM. Deaths in healthcare workers due to COVID-19: the need for robust data and analysis. Anaesthesia. 2020;75:989–92.PubMedCrossRef

Stojanov J, Malobabic M, Stanojevic G, Stevic M, Milosevic V, Stojanov A. Quality of sleep and health-related quality of life among health care professionals treating patients with coronavirus disease-19. Int J Soc Psychiatry. 2021;67(2):175–81.PubMedCrossRef

Global Health Workforce Alliance. Progress report on the Kampala Declaration and Agenda for Global Action (Bangladesh). World Health Organization. 2021 [cited 17 June 2021]. Available from: https://www.who.int/workforcealliance/countries/bgd/en/#:~:text=Bangladesh suffers from both a,based on MoHFW HRD 2011)

10.

Hall VJ, Foulkes S, Charlett A, Atti A, Monk EJM, Simmons R, et al. SARS-CoV-2 infection rates of antibody-positive compared with antibody-negative healthcare workers in England: a large, multicentre, prospective cohort study (SIREN). Lancet (London, England). 2021;397(10283):1459–69.CrossRef

11.

Sultana M. Covid-19: Fatality among doctors rising again. Dhaka Tribune. 2021 Apr 18; Available from: https://archive.dhakatribune.com/bangladesh/2021/04/18/covid-19-fatality-among-doctors-rising-again

12.

Ngai JC, Ko FW, Ng SS, To K-W, Tong M, Hui DS. The long-term impact of severe acute respiratory syndrome on pulmonary function, exercise capacity and health status. Respirology. 2010;15(3):543–50.PubMedPubMedCentralCrossRef

13.

Ng CK, Chan JWM, Kwan TL, To TS, Chan YH, Ng FYY, et al. Six month radiological and physiological outcomes in severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) survivors. Thorax. 2004;59(10):889–91.PubMedPubMedCentralCrossRef

14.

Bonanno GA, Ho SMY, Chan JCK, Kwong RSY, Cheung CKY, Wong CPY, et al. Psychological resilience and dysfunction among hospitalized survivors of the SARS epidemic in Hong Kong: a latent class approach. Heal Psychol Off J Div Heal Psychol Am Psychol Assoc. 2008;27(5):659–67.

15.

Orley J. 1996. WHOQOL-BREF: Introduction, Administration, Scoring and Generic Version of the Assessment- Field Trial Version. Geneva. Available from: https://apps.who.int/iris/bitstream/handle/10665/63529/WHOQOL-BREF.pdf

16.

Chen KY, Li T, Gong FH, Zhang JS, Li XK. Predictors of health-related quality of life and influencing factors for COVID-19 patients, a follow-up at one month. Front Psychiatry. 2020;11(July):1–6.

17.

Slimani M, Paravlic A, Mbarek F, Bragazzi NL, Tod D. The relationship between physical activity and quality of life during the confinement induced by COVID-19 outbreak: a pilot study in Tunisia. Front Psychol. 2020;11(August):1–5.

18.

Arab-Zozani M, Hashemi F, Safari H, Yousefi M, Ameri H. Health-related quality of life and its associated factors in COVID-19 patients. Osong Public Heal Res Perspect. 2020;11(5):296–302.CrossRef

19.

Huang F, Yang Z, Wang Y, Zhang W, Lin Y, Zeng L, et al. Health-Related Quality of Life and Influencing Factors of Pediatric Medical Staff During the COVID-19 Outbreak. Front Public Heal. 2020;8. Available from: https://doi.org/10.3389/fpubh.2020.565849

20.

Than HM, Nong VM, Nguyen CT, Dong KP, Ngo HT, Doan TT, et al. Mental health and health-related quality-of-life outcomes among frontline health workers during the peak of COVID-19 outbreak in Vietnam: a cross-sectional study. Risk Manag Healthc Policy. 2020;13:2927.CrossRef

21.

Suryavanshi N, Kadam A, Dhumal G, Nimkar S, Mave V, Gupta A, et al. Mental health and quality of life among healthcare professionals during the COVID-19 pandemic in India. Brain Behav. 2020;10(11):e01837. Available from: https://doi.org/10.1002/brb3.1837

22.

Xiong L-J, Zhong B-L, Cao X-J, Xiong H-G, Huang M, Ding J, et al. Possible posttraumatic stress disorder in Chinese frontline healthcare workers who survived COVID-19 6 months after the COVID-19 outbreak: prevalence, correlates, and symptoms. Transl Psychiatry. 2021;11(1):374. Available from: https://doi.org/10.1038/s41398-021-01503-7

23.

Liao T, Meng D, Xiong L, Wu S, Yang L, Wang S, et al. Long-term effects of COVID-19 on health care workers 1-year post-discharge in Wuhan. Infect Dis Ther. 2022;11(1):145–63.PubMedCrossRef

24.

Spoorthy MS, Pratapa SK, Mahant S. Mental health problems faced by healthcare workers due to the COVID-19 pandemic-A review. Asian J Psychiatry. 2020;51:102119.CrossRef

25.

Hawlader MDH, Rashid MU, Khan MAS, Ara T, Nabi MH, Haque MMA, et al. Quality of life of COVID-19 recovered patients in Bangladesh. PLoS One. 2021;16(10):e0257421. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0257421.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral

26.

Izutsu T, Tsutsumi A, Islam A, Matsuo Y, Yamada HS, Kurita H, et al. Validity and reliability of the Bangla version of WHOQOL-BREF on an adolescent population in Bangladesh. Qual life Res an Int J Qual life Asp Treat care Rehabil. 2005;14(7):1783–9.CrossRef

27.

THE WHOQOL GROUP. Development of the World Health Organization WHOQOL-BREF quality of life assessment The WHOQOL Group. Psychol Med. 1998;28(3):551–8.CrossRef

28.

Algahtani FD, Hassan S-N, Alsaif B, Zrieq R. Assessment of the quality of life during COVID-19 pandemic: a cross-sectional survey from the kingdom of Saudi Arabia. Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2021;18(3):847.PubMedPubMedCentralCrossRef

29.

Sweeney JF. Physician retirement: Why it’s hard for doctors to retire. Med Econ J. 2019;96(4):12. Available from: https://www.medicaleconomics.com/view/physician-retirement-why-its-hard-doctors-retire

30.

Aymes S. Work-life balance for physicians: The what, the why, and the how. Medical News Today [Internet]. 2020 Sep 22; Available from: https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/physician-burnout-running-on-an-empty-tank

31.

Tsutsumi A, Izutsu T, Kato S, Islam MA, Yamada HS, Kato H, et al. Reliability and validity of the Bangla version of WHOQOL-BREF in an adult population in Dhaka. Bangladesh Psychiatry Clin Neurosci. 2006;60(4):493–8.PubMedCrossRef

32.

Lai J, Ma S, Wang Y, Cai Z, Hu J, Wei N, et al. Factors associated with mental health outcomes among health care workers exposed to coronavirus disease 2019. JAMA Netw Open. 2020;3(3):e203976–e203976.PubMedPubMedCentralCrossRef

33.

Li L, Cheng S, Gu J. SARS infection among health care workers in Beijing. China JAMA. 2003;290(20):2662–3.PubMedCrossRef

34.

Shih F-J, Gau M-L, Kao C-C, Yang C-Y, Lin Y-S, Liao Y-C, et al. Dying and caring on the edge: Taiwan’s surviving nurses’ reflections on taking care of patients with severe acute respiratory syndrome. Appl Nurs Res. 2007;20(4):171–80.PubMedPubMedCentralCrossRef

35.

Hasan S. Govt to recruit 2,000 more doctors; process ambiguous. The Daily Star. 2020;11. Available from: https://www.thedailystar.net/country/news/govt-recruit-2000-more-doctors-process-ambiguous-1926617

36.

Chan S. Nurses fighting against severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) in Hong Kong. J Nurs Scholarsh. 2003;35(3):209.PubMedCrossRef

37.

Tzeng H-M. Fighting the SARS epidemic in Taiwan: a nursing perspective. JONA J Nurs Adm. 2003;33(11):565–7.CrossRef

38.

Wong TW, Yau JKY, Chan CLW, Kwong RSY, Ho SMY, Lau CC, et al. The psychological impact of severe acute respiratory syndrome outbreak on healthcare workers in emergency departments and how they cope. Eur J Emerg Med. 2005;12(1):13–8.PubMedCrossRef

39.

Mok E, Chung BPM, Chung JWY, Wong TKS. An exploratory study of nurses suffering from severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS). Int J Nurs Pract. 2005;11(4):150–60.PubMedPubMedCentralCrossRef

40.

Shucksmith M, Cameron S, Merridew T, Pichler F. Urban-rural differences in quality of life across the European union. Reg Stud. 2009;43(10):1275–89.CrossRef

41.

Rajbangshi PR, Nambiar D, Choudhury N, Rao KD. Rural recruitment and retention of health workers across cadres and types of contract in north-east India: a qualitative study. WHO South-East Asia J public Heal. 2017;6(2):51–9.CrossRef

42.

Sadiq AS, Ahmed S. Understanding of individual rationality and institutional constraints: the case of deficiency of doctors in rural Bangladesh. J Glob Heal Reports. 2020;4:e2020056.

43.

Directorate General of Health Services (DGHS). Press release COVID-19 from Integrated Control Room of DGHS. DGHS. 2021 [cited 27 June 2021]. Available from: https://corona.gov.bd/press-release

44.

Hossain MA, Bin Rashid MU, Khan MAS, Sayeed S, Kader MA, Hawlader MDH. Healthcare workers’ knowledge, attitude, and practice regarding personal protective equipment for the prevention of COVID-19. J Multidiscip Healthc. 2021;14:229–38.PubMedPubMedCentralCrossRef

45.

Skevington SM. Qualities of life, educational level and human development: an international investigation of health. Soc Psychiatry Psychiatr Epidemiol. 2010;45(10):999–1009.PubMedCrossRef

46.

Regidor E, Barrio G, de la Fuente L, Domingo A, Rodriguez C, Alonso J. Association between educational level and health related quality of life in Spanish adults. J Epidemiol Community Heal. 1999;53(2):75–82.CrossRef

47.

Taboada M, Moreno E, Cariñena A, Rey T, Pita-Romero R, Leal S, et al. Quality of life, functional status, and persistent symptoms after intensive care of COVID-19 patients. Br J Anaesth. 2021;126(3):e110–3.PubMedCrossRef

48.

Jacobs LG, Paleoudis EG, Di Bari DL, Nyirenda T, Friedman T, Gupta A, et al. Persistence of symptoms and quality of life at 35 days after hospitalization for COVID-19 infection. PLoS One. 2020;15(12 December):1–14.

49.

World Health Organization (WHO). Smoking and COVID-19. WHO newsroom. 2020 [cited 30 June 2021]. Available from: https://www.who.int/news-room/commentaries/detail/smoking-and-covid-19

50.

Ahmed MS, Neyaz AN, Aslami A. Health-related quality of life of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease patients: Results from a community based cross-sectional study in Aligarh, Uttar Pradesh. India Lung India. 2016;33(2):148–53.PubMedCrossRef

51.

Coste J, Quinquis L, D’Almeida S, Audureau E. Smoking and health-related quality of life in the general population Independent relationships and large differences according to patterns and quantity of smoking and to gender. PLoS One. 2014;9(3):e91562.PubMedPubMedCentralCrossRef

52.

Breslau N, Peterson EL, Schultz LR, Chilcoat HD, Andreski P. Major depression and stages of smoking: A longitudinal investigation. Arch Gen Psychiatry. 1998;55(2):161–6.PubMedCrossRef

53.

Haukkala A, Uutela A, Vartiainen E, Mcalister A, Knekt P. Depression and smoking cessation: the role of motivation and self-efficacy. Addict Behav. 2000;25(2):311–6.PubMedCrossRef

54.

Patton GC, Carlin JB, Coffey C, Wolfe R, Hibbert M, Bowes G. Depression, anxiety, and smoking initiation: a prospective study over 3 years. Am J Public Health. 1998;88(10):1518–22.PubMedPubMedCentralCrossRef

55.

Hurley LL, Taylor RE, Tizabi Y. Positive and negative effects of alcohol and nicotine and their interactions: a mechanistic review. Neurotox Res. 2012;21(1):57–69.PubMedCrossRef

56.

Komalasari R, Nurjanah N, Yoche MM. Quality of life of people with cardiovascular disease: a descriptive study. Asian/Pacific Isl Nurs J. 2019;4(2):92–6.CrossRef

57.

Ferrer M, Alonso J, Morera J, Marrades RM, Khalaf A, Aguar MC, et al. Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease stage and health-related quality of life. The quality of life of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease study group. Ann Intern Med. 1997;127(12):1072–9.PubMedCrossRef

58.

Arne M, Lundin F, Boman G, Janson C, Janson S, Emtner M. Factors associated with good self-rated health and quality of life in subjects with self-reported COPD. Int J Chron Obstruct Pulmon Dis. 2011;6:511–9.PubMedPubMedCentralCrossRef

59.

Jones S, White S, Ormrod J, Sam B, Bull F, Pieh S, et al. Work-based risk factors and quality of life in health care workers providing maternal and newborn care during the Sierra Leone Ebola epidemic: findings using the WHOQOL-BREF and HSE management standards tool. BMJ Open. 2020;10(11):e032929.PubMedPubMedCentralCrossRef

60.

Hajiro T, Nishimura K, Tsukino M, Ikeda A, Oga T. Stages of disease severity and factors that affect the health status of patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Respir Med. 2000;94(9):841–6.PubMedCrossRef

61.

Islam MZ, Riaz BK, Efa SS, Farjana S, Mahmood F. Health-related quality of life of adult COVID-19 patients following one-month illness experience since diagnosis: findings of a cross-sectional study in Bangladesh. medRxiv. 2021. https://doi.org/10.1101/2021.02.19.21252073.

62.

Shavro SA, Ezhilarasu P, Augustine J, Bechtel JJ, Christopher DJ. Correlation of health-related quality of life with other disease severity indices in Indian chronic obstructive pulmonary disease patients. Int J Chron Obstruct Pulmon Dis. 2012;7:291–6.PubMedPubMedCentral

63.

Aschalew AY, Yitayal M, Minyihun A. Health-related quality of life and associated factors among patients with diabetes mellitus at the University of Gondar referral hospital. Health Qual Life Outcomes. 2020;18(1):62.PubMedPubMedCentralCrossRef

64.

Dehkordi A, Heydarnejad MS, Fatehi D. Quality of life in cancer patients undergoing chemotherapy. Oman Med J. 2009;24(3):204–7.PubMedPubMedCentral

65.

Arora T, Grey I, Östlundh L, Lam KBH, Omar OM, Arnone D. The prevalence of psychological consequences of COVID-19: A systematic review and meta-analysis of observational studies. J Health Psychol. 2022;27(4):805–24.

Title: Quality of life (QoL) among COVID-19 recovered healthcare workers in Bangladesh
Authors: Md Utba Rashid
Md Abdullah Saeed Khan
Koustuv Dalal
Soumik Kha Sagar
Mosharop Hossian
Sabrina Yesmin Barsha
Miah Md. Akiful Haque
Mohammad Ali Hossain
Mohammad Hayatun Nabi
Mohammad Delwer Hossain Hawlader
Publication date: 01-12-2022
Publisher: BioMed Central
Keyword: COVID-19
Published in: BMC Health Services Research / Issue 1/2022
Electronic ISSN: 1472-6963
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1186/s12913-022-07961-z

2024 ASCO Annual Meeting

Springer Medicine

Quality of life (QoL) among COVID-19 recovered healthcare workers in Bangladesh

Abstract

Background

Methods

Results

Conclusion

2024 ASCO Annual Meeting

Springer Medicine

Abstract

Background

Methods

Results

Conclusion

Please log in to get access to this content

Other articles of this Issue 1/2022

Dealing with pluralism: the managerial work of CEOs in Italian public healthcare organizations

Foot-related diabetes complications: care pathways, patient profiles and costs

Peer support for people with chronic conditions: a systematic review of reviews

Evaluating the impact of a training program to support transitioning from the hospital to the community for people after stroke: a community case study

Design and evaluation of a new mobile application to improve the management of minor ailments: a pilot study

Perceptions, practices and barriers to reporting of adverse drug reactions among HIV infected patients and their doctors in 3 public sector hospitals of the Ethekwini Metropolitan, Kwa-Zulu Natal: a cross sectional and retrospective analysis