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BMC Women's Health
Published in: BMC Women's Health 1/2021

01-12-2021 | Sarcopenia | Research article

Factors associated with measures of sarcopenia in pre and postmenopausal women

Authors: Nirmala Rathnayake, Gayani Alwis, Janaka Lenora, Sarath Lekamwasam

Published in: BMC Women's Health | Issue 1/2021

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Abstract

Background

Menopause associated low serum estradiol marks varieties of derangements in muscle mass and functions leading to sarcopenia. This cross-sectional study was carried out to examine the factors associated with measures of sarcopenia; skeletal muscle mass (SMM), muscle strength and physical performance (PP) in a group of premenopausal (PrMW) and postmenopausal women (PMW) selected from Sri Lanka.

Methods

Randomly selected 184 PrMW and 166 PMW from Galle district, Sri Lanka were studied. SMM was measured with duel energy X ray absorptiometry and relative appendicular SMM index (RSMI; kg/m2) was calculated. Other measurements made include handgrip strength (HGS; kg) and gait speed (GS; m/s), anthropometric indices, consumption of macro and micronutrients, and pattern of physical activities (PA). A serum sample was analyzed for fasting insulin, serum estradiol and vitamin D. Variables which significantly correlated with RSMI, HGS and GS of PrMW and PMW were separately entered into multiple linear regression models to extract the associated factors.

Results

Mean (SD) age of PrMW and PMW were 42.4 (6.0) and 55.8 (3.8) years respectively. In the regression analysis, RSMI in PrMW showed significant associations with body mass index (BMI), HGS, total-body-fat-mass (TBFM) and weight (adjusted R2 = 0.85) and in PMW with BMI, weight, TBFM, hip-circumference and fasting insulin (adjusted R2 = 0.80). BMI showed the strongest association with RSMI in both PrMW (r = 0.87, R2 = 0.76) and in PMW (r = 0.87, R2 = 0.76). HGS in PrMW showed significant associations with appendicular SMM (ASMM), total-body-bone-mineral-content, vigorous PA score, age and weight (adjusted R2 = 0.33) and in PMW with ASMM and height (adjusted R2 = 0.23). ASMM showed the strongest association with HGS in both PrMW (r = 0.44, R2 = 0.20) and PMW (r = 0.44, R2 = 0.20). GS in PrMW showed significant associations with height, BMI and energy consumption (adjusted R2 = 0.13) while in PMW, with carbohydrate consumption and total-body-bone-mineral-density (adjusted R2 = 0.09). While in PrMW, height showed the strongest association with GS (r = 0.28, R2 = 0.08) in PMW, it was carbohydrate consumption (r = 0.24, R2 = 0.06).

Conclusions

Factors that are associated with different measures of sarcopenia are not uniform and vary widely from anthropometry to nutrient intake indicating that these measures are somewhat independent and are governed by different factors.
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Metadata
Title
Factors associated with measures of sarcopenia in pre and postmenopausal women
Authors
Nirmala Rathnayake
Gayani Alwis
Janaka Lenora
Sarath Lekamwasam
Publication date
01-12-2021
Publisher
BioMed Central
Keyword
Sarcopenia
Published in
BMC Women's Health / Issue 1/2021
Electronic ISSN: 1472-6874
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1186/s12905-020-01153-9

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