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BMC Urology
Published in: BMC Urology 1/2022

Open Access 01-12-2022 | Urolithiasis | Research

Risk factors for kidney stone disease recurrence: a comprehensive meta-analysis

Authors: Kai Wang, Jing Ge, Wenlong Han, Dong Wang, Yinjuan Zhao, Yanhao Shen, Jiexun Chen, Dongming Chen, Jing Wu, Ning Shen, Shuai Zhu, Bin Xue, Xianlin Xu

Published in: BMC Urology | Issue 1/2022

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Abstract

Background

Kidney stone disease (KSD) is a common illness that causes an economic burden globally. It is easy for patients to relapse once they have suffered from this disease. The reported recurrence rate of KSD ranged from 6.1% to 66.9%. We performed this meta-analysis to identify various potential risk factors for the recurrence of KSD.

Methods

The PubMed, Embase and Web of Science databases were searched using suitable keywords from inception to Mar 2022. A total of 2,663 records were collected initially. After screening the literature according to the inclusion and exclusion criteria, 53 articles (40 retrospective studies; 13 prospective studies) including 488,130 patients were enrolled. The study protocol was registered with PROSPERO (No. CRD42020171771).

Results

The pooled results indicated that 12 risk factors including younger age (n = 18), higher BMI (n = 16), family history of kidney stones (n = 12), personal history of kidney stones (n = 11), hypertension (n = 5), uric acid stone (n = 4), race of Caucasian (n = 3), suspected kidney stone episode before the first confirmed stone episode (n = 3), surgery (n = 3), any concurrent asymptomatic (nonobstructing) stone (n = 2), pelvic or lower pole kidney stone (n = 2), and 24 h urine test completion (n = 2) were identified to be associated with KSD recurrence. In the subgroup analysis, patients with higher BMI (OR = 1.062), personal history of nephrolithiasis (OR = 1.402), or surgery (OR = 3.178) had a higher risk of radiographic KSD recurrence.

Conclusions

We identified 12 risk factors related to the recurrence of KSD. The results of this analysis could serve to construct recurrence prediction models. It could also supply a basis for preventing the recurrence of KSD.
Appendix
Available only for authorised users
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Metadata
Title
Risk factors for kidney stone disease recurrence: a comprehensive meta-analysis
Authors
Kai Wang
Jing Ge
Wenlong Han
Dong Wang
Yinjuan Zhao
Yanhao Shen
Jiexun Chen
Dongming Chen
Jing Wu
Ning Shen
Shuai Zhu
Bin Xue
Xianlin Xu
Publication date
01-12-2022
Publisher
BioMed Central
Keyword
Urolithiasis
Published in
BMC Urology / Issue 1/2022
Electronic ISSN: 1471-2490
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1186/s12894-022-01017-4

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