Skip to main content
Key Specialties
Cardiology Diabetology Endocrinology Gastroenterology Geriatrics and Gerontology Gynecology and Obstetrics Hematology Infectious Disease Internal Medicine Nephrology Neurology Oncology Pediatrics Respiratory Medicine Rheumatology Surgery
Congress Coverage
2024 ASCO Annual Meeting 2024 ACC Congress 2023 ESMO Congress 2023 EASD Congress 2023 ERS Congress 2023 ESC Congress
Clinical Collections
Advances in Alzheimer’s

2024 ASCO Annual Meeting

Keep up to date with all the top stories and latest evidence with our hub page, including official congress videos and expert takeaways.
ADVANCED SEARCH
Log in
Top
BMC Musculoskeletal Disorders
Published in: BMC Musculoskeletal Disorders 1/2024

Open Access 01-12-2024 | Osteoporosis | Research

The estimated prevalence of osteoporosis in Bahrain: a multi-centered-based study

Authors: Adla Bakri Hassan, Yasin I. Tayem, Mir Sadat-Ali, Amer J. Almarabheh, Abdulhameed Alawadhi, Ahsan J. Butt, Haitham Jahrami, Jamal Saleh, Mai E. Matar, Mansoor Shaikh, Salman k. Hasan, Ali R. Karashi

Published in: BMC Musculoskeletal Disorders | Issue 1/2024

Login to get access

Abstract

Objectives

the primary aim of this study was to examine the prevalence and risk factors of low bone mineral density in Bahrain.

Methods

this was a retrospective study, which targeted a cohort of 4822 Bahraini subjects (mean age 59.36 years: 93% females). Demographic data and results of lumbar and femur DEXA scan for the targeted sample, over the period 2016–2018, were retrieved from four hospitals.

Results

The prevalence of low BMD was 62.3% (46.4% had osteopenia and 15.9% had osteoporosis). The highest rate of osteopenia was detected at the age group younger than 44 years. However, with increasing age, the rate of osteopenia declined, whereas osteoporosis increased (P < 0.001). Females were found to be at higher risk of developing both osteopenia (45.8%) and osteoporosis (18.1%) compared to males (39% and 12.4%, respectively) (P < 0.001). Postmenopausal women exhibited higher rates of low BMD (42.4% osteopenia, 22.3% osteoporosis) compared to elderly men (30.9% osteopenia, 9% osteoporosis).

Conclusions

We reported high prevalence of osteopenia and osteoporosis in Bahrain. Low BMD was more common in females, especially in postmenopausal women. Highest prevalence of osteopenia happened at young age. Therefore, we advocate screening at younger age than previously recommended.
Literature
1.
Roux C, Cooper C, Diez-Perez A, Martinez L, Ortolani S, Gitlin M, et al. Prevalence of osteoporosis and fractures among women prescribed osteoporosis medication in five European countries: the POSSIBLE EU study. Osteoporos Int. 2011;22(4):1227–36.CrossRefPubMed
2.
Coll PP, Phu S, Hajjar SH, Kirk B, Duque G, Taxel P. The prevention of osteoporosis and sarcopenia in older adults. J Am Geriatr Soc. 2021.
3.
Jackson RD, Mysiw WJ. Insights into the epidemiology of postmenopausal osteoporosis: the women’s Health Initiative. Semin Reprod Med. 2014;32(6):454–62.CrossRefPubMed
4.
Al-Elq AH, Sadat-Ali M. Diabetes Mellitus and male osteoporosis. Is there a relationship? Saudi Med J. 2006;27(11):1729–33.PubMed
5.
Hernlund E, Svedbom A, Ivergard M, Compston J, Cooper C, Stenmark J, et al. Osteoporosis in the European Union: medical management, epidemiology and economic burden. A report prepared in collaboration with the International Osteoporosis Foundation (IOF) and the European Federation of Pharmaceutical Industry Associations (EFPIA). Arch Osteoporos. 2013;8:136.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral
6.
7.
Kanis JA, McCloskey EV, Johansson H, Oden A, Melton LJ 3rd, Khaltaev N. A reference standard for the description of osteoporosis. Bone. 2008;42(3):467–75.CrossRefPubMed
8.
Walsh ME, Nerdrum M, Fahey T, Moriarty F. Factors associated with initiation of bone-health medication among older adults in primary care in Ireland. Age Ageing. 2021.
9.
10.
Baccaro LF, Conde DM, Costa-Paiva L, Pinto-Neto AM. The epidemiology and management of postmenopausal osteoporosis: a viewpoint from Brazil. Clin Interv Aging. 2015;10:583–91.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral
11.
Kanis JA, Cooper C, Rizzoli R, Reginster JY et al. Scientific Advisory Board of the European Society for C, Economic Aspects of O,. Executive summary of European guidance for the diagnosis and management of osteoporosis in postmenopausal women. Aging Clin Exp Res. 2019;31(1):15 – 7.
12.
Kanis JA, Cooper C, Rizzoli R, Reginster JY, Scientific Advisory Board of the European Society for C., Economic Aspects of O, European guidance for the diagnosis and management of osteoporosis in postmenopausal women. Osteoporos Int. 2019;30(1):3–44.
13.
Looker AC, Flegal KM, Melton LJ 3. Impact of increased overweight on the projected prevalence of osteoporosis in older women. Osteoporos Int. 2007;18(3):307–13.CrossRefPubMed
14.
Umarji PB, Verma P, Garg V, Schini M, Eastell R. Randomised Controlled Trial of Nutritional supplement on bone turnover markers in Indian Premenopausal women. Nutrients. 2021;13(2).
15.
Hellmich B. [Glucocorticoids in the treatment of giant cell arteritis: how much, how long and how to spare?]. Z Rheumatol. 2021.
16.
Noale M, Maggi S, Crepaldi G. Osteoporosis among Italian women at risk: the OSTEOLAB study. J Nutr Health Aging. 2012;16(6):529–33.CrossRefPubMed
17.
Paul TV, Thomas N, Seshadri MS, Oommen R, Jose A, Mahendri NV. Prevalence of osteoporosis in ambulatory postmenopausal women from a semiurban region in Southern India: relationship to calcium nutrition and vitamin D status. Endocr Pract. 2008;14(6):665–71.CrossRefPubMed
18.
Shilbayeh S. Prevalence of osteoporosis and its reproductive risk factors among Jordanian women: a cross-sectional study. Osteoporos Int. 2003;14(11):929–40.CrossRefPubMed
19.
Borgstrom F, Karlsson L, Ortsater G, Norton N, Halbout P, Cooper C, et al. Fragility fractures in Europe: burden, management and opportunities. Arch Osteoporos. 2020;15(1):59.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral
20.
Compston J, Cooper A, Cooper C, Gittoes N, Gregson C, Harvey N, et al. UK clinical guideline for the prevention and treatment of osteoporosis. Arch Osteoporos. 2017;12(1):43.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral
21.
Zamani M, Zamani V, Heidari B, Parsian H, Esmaeilnejad-Ganji SM. Prevalence of osteoporosis with the World Health Organization diagnostic criteria in the Eastern Mediterranean Region: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Arch Osteoporos. 2018;13(1):129.CrossRefPubMed
22.
Anthamatten A, Parish A. Clinical update on osteoporosis. J Midwifery Womens Health. 2019;64(3):265–75.CrossRefPubMed
23.
Goldstein CL, Chutkan NB, Choma TJ, Orr RD. Management of the Elderly with Vertebral Compression fractures. Neurosurgery. 2015;77(Suppl 4):33–45.CrossRef
24.
Negredo E, Bonjoch A, Gomez-Mateu M, Estany C, Puig J, Perez-Alvarez N, et al. Time of progression to osteopenia/osteoporosis in chronically HIV-infected patients: screening DXA scan. PLoS ONE. 2012;7(10):e46031.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral
25.
26.
AlSayyad. AS, AlAjmi. A, Naseeb. T, Taha. H, Zabar. Z. Prevalence and Risk Factors of Osteoporosis in Bahrain: A Cross-sectional Study among Young Female Attending Primary Care Centers., J Bahrain Med Soc. 2021;33(2):22–8.
27.
Cawston H, Maravic M, Fardellone P, Gauthier A, Kanis JA, Compston J, et al. Epidemiological burden of postmenopausal osteoporosis in France from 2010 to 2020: estimations from a Disease model. Arch Osteoporos. 2012;7:237–46.CrossRefPubMed
28.
European Prospective Osteoporosis, Study G, Felsenberg D, Silman AJ, Lunt M, Armbrecht G, Ismail AA, et al. Incidence of vertebral fracture in europe: results from the European prospective osteoporosis study (EPOS). J Bone Miner Res. 2002;17(4):716–24.CrossRef
29.
Salari N, Ghasemi H, Mohammadi L, Behzadi MH, Rabieenia E, Shohaimi S, et al. The global prevalence of osteoporosis in the world: a comprehensive systematic review and meta-analysis. J Orthop Surg Res. 2021;16(1):609.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral
30.
Wade SW, Strader C, Fitzpatrick LA, Anthony MS, O’Malley CD. Estimating prevalence of osteoporosis: examples from industrialized countries. Arch Osteoporos. 2014;9:182.CrossRefPubMed
31.
Irani AD, Poorolajal J, Khalilian A, Esmailnasab N, Cheraghi Z. Prevalence of osteoporosis in Iran: a meta-analysis. J Res Med Sci. 2013;18(9):759–66.PubMedPubMedCentral
32.
Oden A, McCloskey EV, Kanis JA, Harvey NC, Johansson H. Burden of high fracture probability worldwide: Secular increases 2010–2040. Osteoporos Int. 2015;26(9):2243–8.CrossRefPubMed
33.
Hamood R, Tirosh M, Fallach N, Chodick G, Eisenberg E, Lubovsky O. Prevalence and incidence of Osteoarthritis: a Population-based Retrospective Cohort Study. J Clin Med. 2021;10(18).
34.
Al-Saleh Y, Sulimani R, Sabico S, Raef H, Fouda M, Alshahrani F, et al. 2015 guidelines for osteoporosis in Saudi Arabia: recommendations from the Saudi osteoporosis society. Ann Saudi Med. 2015;35(1):1–12.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral
35.
36.
Xiao PL, Hsu CJ, Ma YG, Liu D, Peng R, Xu XH, et al. Prevalence and treatment rate of osteoporosis in patients undergoing total knee and hip arthroplasty: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Arch Osteoporos. 2022;17(1):16.CrossRefPubMed
37.
Yusuf AA, Matlon TJ, Grauer A, Barron R, Chandler D, Peng Y. Utilization of osteoporosis medication after a fragility fracture among elderly Medicare beneficiaries. Arch Osteoporos. 2016;11(1):31.CrossRefPubMed
38.
Ahlborg HG, Johnell O, Nilsson BE, Jeppsson S, Rannevik G, Karlsson MK. Bone loss in relation to menopause: a prospective study during 16 years. Bone. 2001;28(3):327–31.CrossRefPubMed
Metadata
Title
The estimated prevalence of osteoporosis in Bahrain: a multi-centered-based study
Authors
Adla Bakri Hassan
Yasin I. Tayem
Mir Sadat-Ali
Amer J. Almarabheh
Abdulhameed Alawadhi
Ahsan J. Butt
Haitham Jahrami
Jamal Saleh
Mai E. Matar
Mansoor Shaikh
Salman k. Hasan
Ali R. Karashi
Publication date
01-12-2024
Publisher
BioMed Central
Published in
BMC Musculoskeletal Disorders / Issue 1/2024
Electronic ISSN: 1471-2474
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1186/s12891-023-07145-8

Other articles of this Issue 1/2024

BMC Musculoskeletal Disorders 1/2024 Go to the issue

Research

Limited value of platelet-related markers in diagnosing periprosthetic joint infection

Research

Efficient hip joint distraction using the AO large femoral distractor in treating acetabular fractures associated with marginal impaction and intraarticular incarcerated fragments

Research

Goal setting in people with low back pain attending an education and exercise program (GLA:D Back) and the impact of demographic factors

Research

The learning curve of a novel seven-axis robot-assisted total hip arthroplasty system: a randomized controlled trial

Research

Allied health professionals’ experiences and views towards improving musculoskeletal services in the UK for patients with musculoskeletal and co-existing mental health conditions: a qualitative study

Research

Bone marrow mesenchymal stem cell-derived exosomes promote osteoblast proliferation, migration and inhibit apoptosis by regulating KLF3-AS1/miR-338-3p