Skip to main content
Top
Published in: BMC Musculoskeletal Disorders 1/2024

Open Access 01-12-2024 | Neck Pain | Research

Measurement properties of cervical joint position error in people with and without neck pain: a systematic review and narrative synthesis

Authors: Ahmad AlDahas, Nicola R. Heneghan, Shouq Althobaiti, Janet A. Deane, Alison Rushton, Deborah Falla

Published in: BMC Musculoskeletal Disorders | Issue 1/2024

Login to get access

Abstract

Introduction

Proprioception can be impaired in people with neck pain. The cervical joint position sense test, which measures joint position error (JPE), is the most common test used to assess neck proprioception. The aim of this systematic review was to assess the measurement properties of this test for the assessment of people with and without neck pain.

Methods

This systematic review was registered prospectively on Prospero (CRD42020188715). It was designed using the COSMIN guidelines and reported in line with the PRISMA checklist. Two reviewers independently searched Medline, Embase, SportDiscus, and CINAHL Plus databases from inception to the 24th July 2022 with an update of the search conducted until 14th of October 2023. The COSMIN risk of bias checklist was used to assess the risk of bias in each study. The updated criteria for good measurement properties were used to rate individual studies and then the overall pooled results. The level of evidence was rated by two reviewers independently using a modified GRADE approach.

Results

Fifteen studies were included in this review, 13 reporting absolute JPE and 2 reporting constant JPE. The measurement properties assessed were reliability, measurement error, and validity. The measurement of JPE showed sufficient reliability and validity, however, the level of evidence was low/very low for both measurement properties, apart from convergent validity of the constant JPE, which was high.

Conclusion

The measure of cervical JPE showed sufficient reliability and validity but with low/very low levels of evidence. Further studies are required to investigate the reliability and validity of this test as well as the responsiveness of the measure.
Appendix
Available only for authorised users
Literature
1.
go back to reference Peng B, Yang L, Li Y, Liu T, Liu Y. Cervical proprioception impairment in neck pain-pathophysiology, clinical evaluation, and management: a narrative review. Pain Ther. 2021;10:143–64.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral Peng B, Yang L, Li Y, Liu T, Liu Y. Cervical proprioception impairment in neck pain-pathophysiology, clinical evaluation, and management: a narrative review. Pain Ther. 2021;10:143–64.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral
2.
go back to reference Qu N, Tian HC, De Martino E, Zhang B. Neck pain: do we know enough about the sensorimotor control system? Front Comput Neurosci. 2022;16(July):1–10. Qu N, Tian HC, De Martino E, Zhang B. Neck pain: do we know enough about the sensorimotor control system? Front Comput Neurosci. 2022;16(July):1–10.
3.
go back to reference Alahmari K, Reddy RS, Silvian P, Ahmad I, Nagaraj V, Mahtab M. Intra- and inter-rater reliability of neutral head position and target head position tests in patients with and without neck pain. Brazilian J Phys Ther. 2017;21(4):259–67.CrossRef Alahmari K, Reddy RS, Silvian P, Ahmad I, Nagaraj V, Mahtab M. Intra- and inter-rater reliability of neutral head position and target head position tests in patients with and without neck pain. Brazilian J Phys Ther. 2017;21(4):259–67.CrossRef
4.
go back to reference Revel M, Andre-Deshays C, Minguet M. Cervicocephalic kinesthetic sensibility in patients with cervical pain. Arch Phys Med Rehabil. 1991;72(5):288–91.PubMed Revel M, Andre-Deshays C, Minguet M. Cervicocephalic kinesthetic sensibility in patients with cervical pain. Arch Phys Med Rehabil. 1991;72(5):288–91.PubMed
5.
go back to reference Wibault J, Vaillant J, Vuillerme N, Dedering Å, Peolsson A. Using the cervical range of motion (CROM) device to assess head repositioning accuracy in individuals with cervical radiculopathy in comparison to neck- healthy individuals. Man Ther. 2013;18(5):403–9.CrossRefPubMed Wibault J, Vaillant J, Vuillerme N, Dedering Å, Peolsson A. Using the cervical range of motion (CROM) device to assess head repositioning accuracy in individuals with cervical radiculopathy in comparison to neck- healthy individuals. Man Ther. 2013;18(5):403–9.CrossRefPubMed
6.
go back to reference Reddy RS, Tedla JS, Dixit S, Abohashrh M. Cervical proprioception and its relationship with neck pain intensity in subjects with cervical spondylosis. BMC Musculoskelet Disord. 2019;20(1):1–7.CrossRef Reddy RS, Tedla JS, Dixit S, Abohashrh M. Cervical proprioception and its relationship with neck pain intensity in subjects with cervical spondylosis. BMC Musculoskelet Disord. 2019;20(1):1–7.CrossRef
7.
go back to reference Feipel V, Salvia P, Klein H, Rooze M. Head repositioning accuracy in patients with whiplash-associated disorders. Spine (Phila Pa 1976). 2006;31(2):51–8.CrossRef Feipel V, Salvia P, Klein H, Rooze M. Head repositioning accuracy in patients with whiplash-associated disorders. Spine (Phila Pa 1976). 2006;31(2):51–8.CrossRef
8.
go back to reference Treleaven J. Dizziness, unsteadiness, visual disturbances, and sensorimotor control in traumatic neck pain. J Orthop Sports Phys Ther. 2017;47(7):492–502.CrossRefPubMed Treleaven J. Dizziness, unsteadiness, visual disturbances, and sensorimotor control in traumatic neck pain. J Orthop Sports Phys Ther. 2017;47(7):492–502.CrossRefPubMed
9.
go back to reference Treleaven J, Jull G, Sterling M. Dizziness and unsteadiness following whiplash injury: characteristic features and relationship with cervical joint position error. J Rehabil Med. 2003;35(1):36–43.CrossRefPubMed Treleaven J, Jull G, Sterling M. Dizziness and unsteadiness following whiplash injury: characteristic features and relationship with cervical joint position error. J Rehabil Med. 2003;35(1):36–43.CrossRefPubMed
10.
go back to reference Mazaheri M, Abichandani D, Kingma I, Treleaven J, Falla D. A meta-analysis and systematic review of changes in joint position sense and static standing balance in patients with whiplashassociated disorder. PLoS One. 2021;16(4):e0249659.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral Mazaheri M, Abichandani D, Kingma I, Treleaven J, Falla D. A meta-analysis and systematic review of changes in joint position sense and static standing balance in patients with whiplashassociated disorder. PLoS One. 2021;16(4):e0249659.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral
11.
go back to reference Roach KE. Measurement of health outcomes: reliability, validity and responsiveness. J Prosthetics Orthot. 2006;18(6):P8-12.CrossRef Roach KE. Measurement of health outcomes: reliability, validity and responsiveness. J Prosthetics Orthot. 2006;18(6):P8-12.CrossRef
13.
go back to reference Prinsen CAC, Mokkink LB, Bouter LM, Alonso J, Patrick DL, de Vet HCW, et al. COSMIN guideline for systematic reviews of patient-reported outcome measures. Qual Life Res. 2018;27:1147–57.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral Prinsen CAC, Mokkink LB, Bouter LM, Alonso J, Patrick DL, de Vet HCW, et al. COSMIN guideline for systematic reviews of patient-reported outcome measures. Qual Life Res. 2018;27:1147–57.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral
14.
go back to reference Mokkink LB, Boers M, van der Vleuten CPM, Bouter LM, Alonso J, Patrick DL, et al. COSMIN risk of bias tool to assess the quality of studies on reliability or measurement error of outcome measurement instruments: a delphi study. BMC Med Res Methodol. 2020;20(1):1–18.CrossRef Mokkink LB, Boers M, van der Vleuten CPM, Bouter LM, Alonso J, Patrick DL, et al. COSMIN risk of bias tool to assess the quality of studies on reliability or measurement error of outcome measurement instruments: a delphi study. BMC Med Res Methodol. 2020;20(1):1–18.CrossRef
15.
go back to reference Moher D, Shamseer L, Clarke M, Ghersi D, Liberati A, Petticrew M, et al. Preferred reporting items for systematic review and meta-analysis protocols (PRISMA-P) 2015 statement. Rev Esp Nutr Humana y Diet. 2016;20(2):148–60. Moher D, Shamseer L, Clarke M, Ghersi D, Liberati A, Petticrew M, et al. Preferred reporting items for systematic review and meta-analysis protocols (PRISMA-P) 2015 statement. Rev Esp Nutr Humana y Diet. 2016;20(2):148–60.
16.
go back to reference Lidwine B Mokkink, Cecilia AC Prinsen, Donald L Patrick, Jordi Alonso, Lex M Bouter, Henrica CW de Vet, et al. COSMIN Study Design checklist for Patient-reported outcome measurement instruments. Dep Epidemiol Biostat Amsterdam Public Heal Res Inst Amsterdam Univ Med Centers, Locat VUmc. 2019; Lidwine B Mokkink, Cecilia AC Prinsen, Donald L Patrick, Jordi Alonso, Lex M Bouter, Henrica CW de Vet, et al. COSMIN Study Design checklist for Patient-reported outcome measurement instruments. Dep Epidemiol Biostat Amsterdam Public Heal Res Inst Amsterdam Univ Med Centers, Locat VUmc. 2019;
17.
go back to reference Cooke A, Smith D, Booth A. Beyond PICO: the SPIDER tool for qualitative evidence synthesis. Qual Health Res. 2012; Cooke A, Smith D, Booth A. Beyond PICO: the SPIDER tool for qualitative evidence synthesis. Qual Health Res. 2012;
18.
go back to reference Terwee CB, Mokkink LB, Knol DL, Ostelo RWJG, Bouter LM, De Vet HCW. Rating the methodological quality in systematic reviews of studies on measurement properties: a scoring system for the COSMIN checklist. Qual Life Res. 2012;21(4):651–7.CrossRefPubMed Terwee CB, Mokkink LB, Knol DL, Ostelo RWJG, Bouter LM, De Vet HCW. Rating the methodological quality in systematic reviews of studies on measurement properties: a scoring system for the COSMIN checklist. Qual Life Res. 2012;21(4):651–7.CrossRefPubMed
19.
go back to reference Mokkink Cecilia AC Prinsen Donald L Patrick Jordi Alonso Lex M Bouter Henrica CW de Vet Caroline B Terwee Contact LB Mokkink LB. COSMIN manual for systematic reviews of PROMs COSMIN methodology for systematic reviews of Patient-Reported Outcome Measures (PROMs) user manual. 2018. Available from: www.cosmin.nl. Cited 2020 Feb 11. Mokkink Cecilia AC Prinsen Donald L Patrick Jordi Alonso Lex M Bouter Henrica CW de Vet Caroline B Terwee Contact LB Mokkink LB. COSMIN manual for systematic reviews of PROMs COSMIN methodology for systematic reviews of Patient-Reported Outcome Measures (PROMs) user manual. 2018. Available from: www.​cosmin.​nl. Cited 2020 Feb 11.
20.
go back to reference Moher D, Liberati A, Tetzlaff J, Altman DG, Altman D, Antes G, et al. Preferred reporting items for systematic reviews and meta-analyses: The PRISMA statement. PLoS Medicine. 2009;8(12):e83138. Moher D, Liberati A, Tetzlaff J, Altman DG, Altman D, Antes G, et al. Preferred reporting items for systematic reviews and meta-analyses: The PRISMA statement. PLoS Medicine. 2009;8(12):e83138.
21.
go back to reference Artz NJ, Adams MA, Dolan P. Sensorimotor function of the cervical spine in healthy volunteers. Clin Biomech. 2015;30(3):260–8.CrossRef Artz NJ, Adams MA, Dolan P. Sensorimotor function of the cervical spine in healthy volunteers. Clin Biomech. 2015;30(3):260–8.CrossRef
22.
go back to reference Kristjansson E, Dall’alba P, Jull G. Cervicocephalic kinaesthesia: Reliability of a new test approach. Physiother Res Int. 2001;6(4):224–35.CrossRefPubMed Kristjansson E, Dall’alba P, Jull G. Cervicocephalic kinaesthesia: Reliability of a new test approach. Physiother Res Int. 2001;6(4):224–35.CrossRefPubMed
23.
go back to reference Lee HY, Teng CC, Chai HM, Wang SF. Test-retest reliability of cervicocephalic kinesthetic sensibility in three cardinal planes. Man Ther. 2006;11(1):61–8.CrossRefPubMed Lee HY, Teng CC, Chai HM, Wang SF. Test-retest reliability of cervicocephalic kinesthetic sensibility in three cardinal planes. Man Ther. 2006;11(1):61–8.CrossRefPubMed
24.
go back to reference Strimpakos N, Sakellari V, Gioftsos G, Kapreli E, Oldham J. Cervical joint position sense: an intra- and inter-examiner reliability study. Gait Posture. 2006;23(1):22–31.CrossRefPubMed Strimpakos N, Sakellari V, Gioftsos G, Kapreli E, Oldham J. Cervical joint position sense: an intra- and inter-examiner reliability study. Gait Posture. 2006;23(1):22–31.CrossRefPubMed
25.
go back to reference Pinsault N, Fleury A, Virone G, Bouvier B, Vaillant J, Vuillerme N. Test-retest reliability of cervicocephalic relocation test to neutral head position. Physiother Theory Pract. 2008;24(5):380–91.CrossRefPubMed Pinsault N, Fleury A, Virone G, Bouvier B, Vaillant J, Vuillerme N. Test-retest reliability of cervicocephalic relocation test to neutral head position. Physiother Theory Pract. 2008;24(5):380–91.CrossRefPubMed
27.
go back to reference Roren A, Mayoux-Benhamou MA, Fayad F, Poiraudeau S, Lantz D, Revel M. Comparison of visual and ultrasound based techniques to measure head repositioning in healthy and neck-pain subjects. Man Ther. 2009;14(3):270–7.CrossRefPubMed Roren A, Mayoux-Benhamou MA, Fayad F, Poiraudeau S, Lantz D, Revel M. Comparison of visual and ultrasound based techniques to measure head repositioning in healthy and neck-pain subjects. Man Ther. 2009;14(3):270–7.CrossRefPubMed
28.
go back to reference Chen X, Treleaven J. The effect of neck torsion on joint position error in subjects with chronic neck pain. Man Ther. 2013;18(6):562–7.CrossRefPubMed Chen X, Treleaven J. The effect of neck torsion on joint position error in subjects with chronic neck pain. Man Ther. 2013;18(6):562–7.CrossRefPubMed
29.
go back to reference Dugailly PM, De Santis R, Tits M, Sobczak S, Vigne A, Feipel V. Head repositioning accuracy in patients with neck pain and asymptomatic subjects: concurrent validity, influence of motion speed, motion direction and target distance. Eur Spine J. 2015;24:2885–91.CrossRefPubMed Dugailly PM, De Santis R, Tits M, Sobczak S, Vigne A, Feipel V. Head repositioning accuracy in patients with neck pain and asymptomatic subjects: concurrent validity, influence of motion speed, motion direction and target distance. Eur Spine J. 2015;24:2885–91.CrossRefPubMed
30.
go back to reference Burke S, Lynch K, Moghul Z, Young C, Saviola K, Schenk R. The reliability of the cervical relocation test on people with and without a history of neck pain. J Man Manip Ther. 2016;24(4):210–4.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral Burke S, Lynch K, Moghul Z, Young C, Saviola K, Schenk R. The reliability of the cervical relocation test on people with and without a history of neck pain. J Man Manip Ther. 2016;24(4):210–4.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral
31.
go back to reference Gonçalves C, Silva AG. Reliability, measurement error and construct validity of four proprioceptive tests in patients with chronic idiopathic neck pain. Musculoskelet Sci Pract. 2019;43:103–9.CrossRefPubMed Gonçalves C, Silva AG. Reliability, measurement error and construct validity of four proprioceptive tests in patients with chronic idiopathic neck pain. Musculoskelet Sci Pract. 2019;43:103–9.CrossRefPubMed
33.
go back to reference Cid MM, Calixtre LB, da Silva Grüninger BL, Sousa FS, Oliveira AB. Reliability of the joint position sense error test for women with neck pain and asymptomatic men and women. J Manipulative Physiol Ther. 2022;45(5):329–36.CrossRefPubMed Cid MM, Calixtre LB, da Silva Grüninger BL, Sousa FS, Oliveira AB. Reliability of the joint position sense error test for women with neck pain and asymptomatic men and women. J Manipulative Physiol Ther. 2022;45(5):329–36.CrossRefPubMed
34.
go back to reference Nikkhoo M, Niu CC, Fu CJ, Lu ML, Chen WC, Lin YH, et al. Reliability and validity of a mobile device for assessing head control ability. J Med Biol Eng. 2021;41(1):45–52.CrossRef Nikkhoo M, Niu CC, Fu CJ, Lu ML, Chen WC, Lin YH, et al. Reliability and validity of a mobile device for assessing head control ability. J Med Biol Eng. 2021;41(1):45–52.CrossRef
35.
go back to reference Hill R, Jensen P, Baardsen T, Kulvik K, Jull G, Treleaven J. Head repositioning accuracy to neutral: A comparative study of error calculation. Man Ther. 2009;14(1):110–4.CrossRefPubMed Hill R, Jensen P, Baardsen T, Kulvik K, Jull G, Treleaven J. Head repositioning accuracy to neutral: A comparative study of error calculation. Man Ther. 2009;14(1):110–4.CrossRefPubMed
37.
go back to reference Middlebrook N, Rushton AB, Abichandani D, Kuithan P, Heneghan NR, Falla D. Measures of central sensitization and their measurement properties in musculoskeletal trauma: a systematic review. Eur J Pain (United Kingdom). 2021;25(1):71–87. Middlebrook N, Rushton AB, Abichandani D, Kuithan P, Heneghan NR, Falla D. Measures of central sensitization and their measurement properties in musculoskeletal trauma: a systematic review. Eur J Pain (United Kingdom). 2021;25(1):71–87.
38.
go back to reference Harvey ND. A Simple Guide to Inter-rater, Intra-rater and Test-retest Reliability for Animal Behaviour Studies. OSF Prepr. 2021;1–13. Available from: https://osf.io/8stpy. Harvey ND. A Simple Guide to Inter-rater, Intra-rater and Test-retest Reliability for Animal Behaviour Studies. OSF Prepr. 2021;1–13. Available from: https://​osf.​io/​8stpy.
Metadata
Title
Measurement properties of cervical joint position error in people with and without neck pain: a systematic review and narrative synthesis
Authors
Ahmad AlDahas
Nicola R. Heneghan
Shouq Althobaiti
Janet A. Deane
Alison Rushton
Deborah Falla
Publication date
01-12-2024
Publisher
BioMed Central
Keyword
Neck Pain
Published in
BMC Musculoskeletal Disorders / Issue 1/2024
Electronic ISSN: 1471-2474
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1186/s12891-023-07111-4

Other articles of this Issue 1/2024

BMC Musculoskeletal Disorders 1/2024 Go to the issue