Skip to main content
Top
Published in: BMC Musculoskeletal Disorders 1/2015

Open Access 01-12-2015 | Research article

A cross sectional study between the prevalence of chronic pain and academic pressure in adolescents in China (Shanghai)

Authors: Yongxing Zhang, Guoying Deng, Zhiqing Zhang, Qian Zhou, Xiang Gao, Liqing Di, Qianzi Che, Xiaoyu Du, Yun Cai, Xuedong Han, Qinghua Zhao

Published in: BMC Musculoskeletal Disorders | Issue 1/2015

Login to get access

Abstract

Background

The purpose of this study was to investigate the prevalence of four types of chronic pain (headache, abdominal pain, neck and shoulder pain (NSP), and low back pain (LBP)) and to explore the relationship between the prevalence of chronic pain and self-reported academic pressure in high school students in Shanghai, China.

Method

Three thousand students were randomly surveyed on related issues using a questionnaire, and the results were analyzed using a multivariate logistic regression model.

Results

Among the 2849 high school students who completed the questionnaire, the overall prevalence rates of headache, abdominal pain, NSP, and LBP were 30.3, 20.9, 32.8, and 41.1 %, respectively. The students in general experienced a heavy burden of learning, a high level of stress, and sleep deprivation, which were closely related to the four types of chronic pain.

Conclusion

Chronic pain is a common condition in Chinese adolescents and is closely related to self-reported academic pressure.
Literature
1.
go back to reference Azevedo LF, Costa-Pereira A, Mendonca L, Dias CC, Castro-Lopes JM. Chronic pain and health services utilization: Is there overuse of diagnostic tests and inequalities in nonpharmacologic treatment methods utilization? Med Care. 2013;51:859–69.CrossRefPubMed Azevedo LF, Costa-Pereira A, Mendonca L, Dias CC, Castro-Lopes JM. Chronic pain and health services utilization: Is there overuse of diagnostic tests and inequalities in nonpharmacologic treatment methods utilization? Med Care. 2013;51:859–69.CrossRefPubMed
2.
go back to reference Ando S, Yamasaki S, Shimodera S, Sasaki T, Oshima N, Furukawa TA, et al. A greater number of somatic pain sites is associated with poor mental health in adolescents: A cross-sectional study. BMC Psychiatry. 2013;13:30.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral Ando S, Yamasaki S, Shimodera S, Sasaki T, Oshima N, Furukawa TA, et al. A greater number of somatic pain sites is associated with poor mental health in adolescents: A cross-sectional study. BMC Psychiatry. 2013;13:30.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral
3.
go back to reference Latina R, Sansoni J, D’Angelo D, Di Biagio E, De Marinis MG, Tarsitani G. Etiology and prevalence of chronic pain in adults: A narrative review. Prof Inferm. 2013;66:151–8.PubMed Latina R, Sansoni J, D’Angelo D, Di Biagio E, De Marinis MG, Tarsitani G. Etiology and prevalence of chronic pain in adults: A narrative review. Prof Inferm. 2013;66:151–8.PubMed
4.
go back to reference Fernandez-de-las-Penas C, Hernandez-Barrera V, Alonso-Blanco C, Palacios-Cena D, Carrasco-Garrido P, Jimenez-Sanchez S, et al. Prevalence of neck and Low back pain in community-dwelling adults in Spain: A population-based national study. Spine (Phila Pa 1976). 2011;36:E213-9.CrossRef Fernandez-de-las-Penas C, Hernandez-Barrera V, Alonso-Blanco C, Palacios-Cena D, Carrasco-Garrido P, Jimenez-Sanchez S, et al. Prevalence of neck and Low back pain in community-dwelling adults in Spain: A population-based national study. Spine (Phila Pa 1976). 2011;36:E213-9.CrossRef
5.
go back to reference Tan Z, Liang Y, Liu S, Cao W, Tu H, Guo L, et al. Health-related quality of life as measured with Eq-5d among populations with and without specific chronic conditions: A population-based survey in Shaanxi Province, China. PLoS One. 2013;8:e65958.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral Tan Z, Liang Y, Liu S, Cao W, Tu H, Guo L, et al. Health-related quality of life as measured with Eq-5d among populations with and without specific chronic conditions: A population-based survey in Shaanxi Province, China. PLoS One. 2013;8:e65958.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral
6.
go back to reference Korovessis P, Repantis T, Baikousis A. Factors affecting Low back pain in adolescents. J Spinal Disord Tech. 2010;23:513–20.CrossRefPubMed Korovessis P, Repantis T, Baikousis A. Factors affecting Low back pain in adolescents. J Spinal Disord Tech. 2010;23:513–20.CrossRefPubMed
7.
go back to reference Wulff C, Lindfors P, Sverke M. Childhood general mental ability and midlife psychosocial work characteristics as related to mental distress, neck/shoulder pain and self-rated health in working women and men. J Occup Health. 2011;53:439–46.CrossRefPubMed Wulff C, Lindfors P, Sverke M. Childhood general mental ability and midlife psychosocial work characteristics as related to mental distress, neck/shoulder pain and self-rated health in working women and men. J Occup Health. 2011;53:439–46.CrossRefPubMed
8.
go back to reference Diepenmaat AC, van der Wal MF, de Vet HC, Hirasing RA. Neck/shoulder, low back, and Arm pain in relation to computer use, physical activity, stress, and depression among Dutch adolescents. Pediatrics. 2006;117:412–6.CrossRefPubMed Diepenmaat AC, van der Wal MF, de Vet HC, Hirasing RA. Neck/shoulder, low back, and Arm pain in relation to computer use, physical activity, stress, and depression among Dutch adolescents. Pediatrics. 2006;117:412–6.CrossRefPubMed
9.
go back to reference Hanvold TN, Veiersted KB, Waersted M. A prospective study of neck, shoulder, and upper back pain among technical school students entering working life. J Adolesc Health. 2010;46:488–94.CrossRefPubMed Hanvold TN, Veiersted KB, Waersted M. A prospective study of neck, shoulder, and upper back pain among technical school students entering working life. J Adolesc Health. 2010;46:488–94.CrossRefPubMed
10.
go back to reference Hestbaek L, Leboeuf-Yde C, Kyvik KO. Is comorbidity in adolescence a predictor for adult low back pain? A prospective study of a young population. BMC Musculoskelet Disord. 2006;7:29.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral Hestbaek L, Leboeuf-Yde C, Kyvik KO. Is comorbidity in adolescence a predictor for adult low back pain? A prospective study of a young population. BMC Musculoskelet Disord. 2006;7:29.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral
11.
go back to reference Hestbaek L, Leboeuf-Yde C, Kyvik KO, Manniche C. The course of Low back pain from adolescence to adulthood: Eight-year follow-up of 9600 twins. Spine (Phila Pa 1976). 2006;31:468–72.CrossRef Hestbaek L, Leboeuf-Yde C, Kyvik KO, Manniche C. The course of Low back pain from adolescence to adulthood: Eight-year follow-up of 9600 twins. Spine (Phila Pa 1976). 2006;31:468–72.CrossRef
12.
go back to reference Erne C, Elfering A. Low back pain at school: unique risk deriving from unsatisfactory grade in maths and school-type recommendation. Eur Spine J. 2011;20:2126–33.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral Erne C, Elfering A. Low back pain at school: unique risk deriving from unsatisfactory grade in maths and school-type recommendation. Eur Spine J. 2011;20:2126–33.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral
13.
go back to reference Shan Z, Deng G, Li J, Li Y, Zhang Y, Zhao Q. How schooling and lifestyle factors effect neck and shoulder pain? A cross-sectional survey of adolescents in china. Spine (Phila Pa 1976). 2014;39:E276-83.CrossRef Shan Z, Deng G, Li J, Li Y, Zhang Y, Zhao Q. How schooling and lifestyle factors effect neck and shoulder pain? A cross-sectional survey of adolescents in china. Spine (Phila Pa 1976). 2014;39:E276-83.CrossRef
14.
go back to reference Staes F, Stappaerts K, Lesaffre E, Vertommen H. Low back pain in Flemish adolescents and the role of perceived social support and effect on the perception of back pain. Acta Paediatr. 2003;92:444–51.CrossRefPubMed Staes F, Stappaerts K, Lesaffre E, Vertommen H. Low back pain in Flemish adolescents and the role of perceived social support and effect on the perception of back pain. Acta Paediatr. 2003;92:444–51.CrossRefPubMed
15.
go back to reference Roth-Isigkeit A, Thyen U, Stoven H, Schwarzenberger J, Schmucker P. Pain among children and adolescents: restrictions in daily living and triggering factors. Pediatrics. 2005;115:e152–62.CrossRefPubMed Roth-Isigkeit A, Thyen U, Stoven H, Schwarzenberger J, Schmucker P. Pain among children and adolescents: restrictions in daily living and triggering factors. Pediatrics. 2005;115:e152–62.CrossRefPubMed
16.
go back to reference Pollock CM, Harries RL, Smith AJ, Straker LM, Kendall GE, O’Sullivan PB. Neck/shoulder pain is more strongly related to depressed mood in adolescent girls than in boys. Man Ther. 2011;16:246–51.CrossRefPubMed Pollock CM, Harries RL, Smith AJ, Straker LM, Kendall GE, O’Sullivan PB. Neck/shoulder pain is more strongly related to depressed mood in adolescent girls than in boys. Man Ther. 2011;16:246–51.CrossRefPubMed
17.
go back to reference Bensing JM, Hulsman RL, Schreurs KM. Gender differences in fatigue: biopsychosocial factors relating to fatigue in men and women. Med Care. 1999;37:1078–83.CrossRefPubMed Bensing JM, Hulsman RL, Schreurs KM. Gender differences in fatigue: biopsychosocial factors relating to fatigue in men and women. Med Care. 1999;37:1078–83.CrossRefPubMed
18.
go back to reference Chesterton LS, Barlas P, Foster NE, Baxter GD, Wright CC. Gender differences in pressure pain threshold in healthy humans. Pain. 2003;101:259–66.CrossRefPubMed Chesterton LS, Barlas P, Foster NE, Baxter GD, Wright CC. Gender differences in pressure pain threshold in healthy humans. Pain. 2003;101:259–66.CrossRefPubMed
19.
go back to reference Defrin R, Shramm L, Eli I. Gender role expectations of pain is associated with pain tolerance limit but not with pain threshold. Pain. 2009;145:230–6.CrossRefPubMed Defrin R, Shramm L, Eli I. Gender role expectations of pain is associated with pain tolerance limit but not with pain threshold. Pain. 2009;145:230–6.CrossRefPubMed
20.
go back to reference Widmalm SE, McKay DC, Radke JC, Zhang Y, Wang X, Wang M. Gender differences in Low and high pain palpation thresholds in the Tmj and neck areas. Cranio. 2013;31:92–9.CrossRefPubMed Widmalm SE, McKay DC, Radke JC, Zhang Y, Wang X, Wang M. Gender differences in Low and high pain palpation thresholds in the Tmj and neck areas. Cranio. 2013;31:92–9.CrossRefPubMed
21.
go back to reference Blackwell L, Kaczynski K, Logan D. Depression and school functioning in adolescents with chronic pain: The mediating role of pain-related catastrophizing. J Pain. 2009;10:S72.CrossRef Blackwell L, Kaczynski K, Logan D. Depression and school functioning in adolescents with chronic pain: The mediating role of pain-related catastrophizing. J Pain. 2009;10:S72.CrossRef
22.
go back to reference Blaschek A, Milde-Busch A, Straube A, Schankin C, Langhagen T, Jahn K, et al. Self-reported muscle pain in adolescents with migraine and tension-type headache. Cephalalgia. 2012;32:241–9.CrossRefPubMed Blaschek A, Milde-Busch A, Straube A, Schankin C, Langhagen T, Jahn K, et al. Self-reported muscle pain in adolescents with migraine and tension-type headache. Cephalalgia. 2012;32:241–9.CrossRefPubMed
23.
go back to reference Wober-Bingol C. Epidemiology of migraine and headache in children and adolescents. Curr Pain Headache Rep. 2013;17:341.CrossRefPubMed Wober-Bingol C. Epidemiology of migraine and headache in children and adolescents. Curr Pain Headache Rep. 2013;17:341.CrossRefPubMed
24.
go back to reference Milde-Busch A, Straube A, Heinen F, von Kries R. Identified risk factors and adolescents’ beliefs about triggers for headaches: Results from a cross-sectional study. J Headache Pain. 2012;13:639–43.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral Milde-Busch A, Straube A, Heinen F, von Kries R. Identified risk factors and adolescents’ beliefs about triggers for headaches: Results from a cross-sectional study. J Headache Pain. 2012;13:639–43.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral
25.
go back to reference Lehmann S, Milde-Busch A, Straube A, von Kries R, Heinen F. How specific are risk factors for headache in adolescents? Results from a cross-sectional study in Germany. Neuropediatrics. 2013;44:46–54.CrossRefPubMed Lehmann S, Milde-Busch A, Straube A, von Kries R, Heinen F. How specific are risk factors for headache in adolescents? Results from a cross-sectional study in Germany. Neuropediatrics. 2013;44:46–54.CrossRefPubMed
26.
go back to reference Coffelt TA, Bauer BD, Carroll AE. Inpatient characteristics of the child admitted with chronic pain. Pediatrics. 2013;132:e422–9.CrossRefPubMed Coffelt TA, Bauer BD, Carroll AE. Inpatient characteristics of the child admitted with chronic pain. Pediatrics. 2013;132:e422–9.CrossRefPubMed
27.
go back to reference Gulewitsch MD, Enck P, Schwille-Kiuntke J, Weimer K, Schlarb AA. Rome Iii criteria in parents’ hands: pain-related functional gastrointestinal disorders in community children and associations with somatic complaints and mental health. Eur J Gastroenterol Hepatol. 2013;25:1223–9.PubMed Gulewitsch MD, Enck P, Schwille-Kiuntke J, Weimer K, Schlarb AA. Rome Iii criteria in parents’ hands: pain-related functional gastrointestinal disorders in community children and associations with somatic complaints and mental health. Eur J Gastroenterol Hepatol. 2013;25:1223–9.PubMed
28.
29.
go back to reference Ecevit CO, Ozgenc F, Yuksekkaya HA, Unal F, Arikan C, Yagci RV. Peptic ulcer disease in children: an uncommon disorder with subtle symptomatology. Turk J Gastroenterol. 2012;23:666–9.CrossRefPubMed Ecevit CO, Ozgenc F, Yuksekkaya HA, Unal F, Arikan C, Yagci RV. Peptic ulcer disease in children: an uncommon disorder with subtle symptomatology. Turk J Gastroenterol. 2012;23:666–9.CrossRefPubMed
30.
go back to reference Stanghellini V. Perspectives on irritable bowel syndrome: Where have we been? Where are we now? Expert Rev Gastroenterol Hepatol. 2013;7:3–7.CrossRefPubMed Stanghellini V. Perspectives on irritable bowel syndrome: Where have we been? Where are we now? Expert Rev Gastroenterol Hepatol. 2013;7:3–7.CrossRefPubMed
31.
go back to reference Andersen LL, Clausen T, Carneiro IG, Holtermann A. Spreading of chronic pain between body regions: prospective cohort study among health care workers. Eur J Pain. 2012;16:1437–43.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral Andersen LL, Clausen T, Carneiro IG, Holtermann A. Spreading of chronic pain between body regions: prospective cohort study among health care workers. Eur J Pain. 2012;16:1437–43.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral
32.
go back to reference Huysmans MA, Ijmker S, Blatter BM, Knol DL, van Mechelen W, Bongers PM, et al. The relative contribution of work exposure, leisure time exposure, and individual characteristics in the onset of arm-wrist-hand and neck-shoulder symptoms among office workers. Int Arch Occup Environ Health. 2012;85:651–66.CrossRefPubMed Huysmans MA, Ijmker S, Blatter BM, Knol DL, van Mechelen W, Bongers PM, et al. The relative contribution of work exposure, leisure time exposure, and individual characteristics in the onset of arm-wrist-hand and neck-shoulder symptoms among office workers. Int Arch Occup Environ Health. 2012;85:651–66.CrossRefPubMed
33.
go back to reference Watson KD, Papageorgiou AC, Jones GT, Taylor S, Symmons DPM, Silman AJ, et al. Low back pain in schoolchildren: The role of mechanical and psychosocial factors. Arch Dis Child. 2003;88:12–7.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral Watson KD, Papageorgiou AC, Jones GT, Taylor S, Symmons DPM, Silman AJ, et al. Low back pain in schoolchildren: The role of mechanical and psychosocial factors. Arch Dis Child. 2003;88:12–7.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral
34.
go back to reference Auvinen JP, Tammelin TH, Taimela SP, Zitting PJ, Jarvelin MR, Taanila AM, et al. Is insufficient quantity and quality of sleep a risk factor for neck, shoulder and Low back pain? A longitudinal study among adolescents. Eur Spine J. 2010;19:641–9.CrossRefPubMed Auvinen JP, Tammelin TH, Taimela SP, Zitting PJ, Jarvelin MR, Taanila AM, et al. Is insufficient quantity and quality of sleep a risk factor for neck, shoulder and Low back pain? A longitudinal study among adolescents. Eur Spine J. 2010;19:641–9.CrossRefPubMed
35.
go back to reference Mongini F, Evangelista A, Milani C, Ferrero L, Ciccone G, Ugolini A, et al. An educational and physical program to reduce headache, neck/shoulder pain in a working community: A cluster-randomized controlled trial. PLoS One. 2012;7:e29637.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral Mongini F, Evangelista A, Milani C, Ferrero L, Ciccone G, Ugolini A, et al. An educational and physical program to reduce headache, neck/shoulder pain in a working community: A cluster-randomized controlled trial. PLoS One. 2012;7:e29637.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral
36.
go back to reference Straker LM, O’Sullivan PB, Smith AJ, Perry MC. Relationships between prolonged neck/shoulder pain and sitting spinal posture in male and female adolescents. Man Ther. 2009;14:321–9.CrossRefPubMed Straker LM, O’Sullivan PB, Smith AJ, Perry MC. Relationships between prolonged neck/shoulder pain and sitting spinal posture in male and female adolescents. Man Ther. 2009;14:321–9.CrossRefPubMed
37.
go back to reference Straker LM, O’Sullivan PB, Smith AJ, Perry MC, Coleman J. Sitting spinal posture in adolescents differs between genders, but is Not clearly related to neck/shoulder pain: An observational study. Aust J Physiother. 2008;54:127–33.CrossRefPubMed Straker LM, O’Sullivan PB, Smith AJ, Perry MC, Coleman J. Sitting spinal posture in adolescents differs between genders, but is Not clearly related to neck/shoulder pain: An observational study. Aust J Physiother. 2008;54:127–33.CrossRefPubMed
38.
go back to reference Korovessis P, Koureas G, Papazisis Z. Correlation between backpack weight and way of carrying, sagittal and frontal spinal curvatures, athletic activity, and dorsal and Low back pain in schoolchildren and adolescents. J Spinal Disord Tech. 2004;17:33–40.CrossRefPubMed Korovessis P, Koureas G, Papazisis Z. Correlation between backpack weight and way of carrying, sagittal and frontal spinal curvatures, athletic activity, and dorsal and Low back pain in schoolchildren and adolescents. J Spinal Disord Tech. 2004;17:33–40.CrossRefPubMed
39.
go back to reference Perich D, Burnett A, O’Sullivan P, Perkin C. Low back pain in adolescent female rowers: A multi-dimensional intervention study. Knee Surg Sports Traumatol Arthrosc. 2011;19:20–9.CrossRefPubMed Perich D, Burnett A, O’Sullivan P, Perkin C. Low back pain in adolescent female rowers: A multi-dimensional intervention study. Knee Surg Sports Traumatol Arthrosc. 2011;19:20–9.CrossRefPubMed
40.
go back to reference Chelimsky G, Safder S, Chelimsky T. Fgids in children are associated with many nonpsychiatric comorbidities: The tip of an iceberg? J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr. 2012;54:690–1.CrossRefPubMed Chelimsky G, Safder S, Chelimsky T. Fgids in children are associated with many nonpsychiatric comorbidities: The tip of an iceberg? J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr. 2012;54:690–1.CrossRefPubMed
Metadata
Title
A cross sectional study between the prevalence of chronic pain and academic pressure in adolescents in China (Shanghai)
Authors
Yongxing Zhang
Guoying Deng
Zhiqing Zhang
Qian Zhou
Xiang Gao
Liqing Di
Qianzi Che
Xiaoyu Du
Yun Cai
Xuedong Han
Qinghua Zhao
Publication date
01-12-2015
Publisher
BioMed Central
Published in
BMC Musculoskeletal Disorders / Issue 1/2015
Electronic ISSN: 1471-2474
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1186/s12891-015-0625-z

Other articles of this Issue 1/2015

BMC Musculoskeletal Disorders 1/2015 Go to the issue