Skip to main content
Key Specialties
Cardiology Diabetology Endocrinology Gastroenterology Geriatrics and Gerontology Gynecology and Obstetrics Hematology Infectious Disease Internal Medicine Nephrology Neurology Oncology Pediatrics Respiratory Medicine Rheumatology Surgery
Congress Coverage
2024 ACC Congress 2023 ESMO Congress 2023 EASD Congress 2023 ERS Congress 2023 ESC Congress
Clinical Collections
Advances in Alzheimer’s

Keynote webinar | Spotlight on medication adherence

LIVE: Thursday 27th June 2024, 18:00-19:30 (CEST)
Join our expert panel to discover why you need to understand the drivers of non-adherence in your patients, and how you can optimize medication adherence in your clinics to drastically improve patient outcomes.
ADVANCED SEARCH
Log in
Top
BMC Public Health
Published in: BMC Public Health 1/2024

Open Access 01-12-2024 | Research

Psychosocial conditions during school-age as determinants of long-term labour market attachment: a study of the Northern Swedish Cohort from the 1980s to the 2020s

Authors: Pekka Virtanen, Tapio Nummi, Urban Janlert, Anne Hammarström

Published in: BMC Public Health | Issue 1/2024

Login to get access

Abstract

Background

This study, conducted on a Swedish population cohort, explores how internalized (depressive and functional somatic) and externalized (smoking, drinking, truancy, vandalism, delinquency) mental health symptoms, as well as close interpersonal relations (family climate and school connectedness) reported during adolescence, influence the work-life course up to late midlife.

Methods

We examined repeated measurements of labour market status from age 16 to 56 using sequence analyses. We identified five different labour market attachment (LMA16-56) trajectories, namely ‘strong,’ ‘early intermediate,’ ‘early weak,’ ‘late weak,’ and ‘constantly weak.’ Multinomial logistic regressions were employed to relate each of the nine determinants to the identified trajectories.

Results

When compared to the risk of ‘strong’ LMA16-56, adversity in all conditions, except for vandalism, entailed a higher risk of the ‘constantly weak’ trajectory. Moreover, all conditions, except for functional somatic symptoms, entailed a higher risk of the ‘late weak’ LMA16-56. The risk of the ‘early intermediate’ LMA16-56 was non-significant across all the conditions.

Conclusions

This study contributes to existing knowledge through its novel exploration of labour market attachment and the revelation of the significance of proximal interpersonal relationships in attachment outcomes. Additionally, the study reaffirms the importance of externalizing behaviour, while suggesting that internalized symptoms in adolescence might have a less influential, though not negligible, role. These results underscore the importance of addressing acting out behaviour and nurturing human relationships during compulsory basic education, when the entire age group is still within reach. This approach aims not only to reduce frictions in the school-to-work transition but also to prevent midlife labour market attachment problems that may arise with delayed intervention.
Literature
1.
Laux R. Measuring labour market attachment using the Labour Force Survey, Labour Market trends 1997 (October), London: HMSO.
2.
Little A. Inactivity and labour market attachment in Britain. Scott J Political Econ. 2007;54:19–54.CrossRef
3.
Virtanen P, Lipiäinen L, Hammarström A, Janlert U, Saloniemi A, Nummi T. Tracks of labour market attachment in early middle age: a trajectory analysis over 12 years. Adv Life Course Res. 2011;16:55–64.CrossRef
4.
Suikkanen A, Viinamäki L. New dimensions of labour market citizenship. In: Ferrie E, Marmot M, Griffiths J, et al. editors. Labour market changes and job insecurity: a challenge for Social Welfare and health promotion. Copenhagen, Denmark: World Health Organization; 1999. (WHO regional publications, European series, no. 81. IRJA) Changing labour markets, welfare policies and citizenship.
5.
Andersen J, Jensen P. Citizenship, changing labour markets and welfare policies: an introduction. In: Andersen J, Jensen P, editors. Changing labour markets, welfare policies and citizenship. Bristol, GB: The Policy Press; 2002. pp. 1–14.CrossRef
6.
Hale D, Bevilacqua L, Viner R. Adolescent health and adult education and employment: a systematic review. Pediatrics. 2015;136:128–40.CrossRefPubMed
7.
8.
Clayborne Z, Varin M, Colman I. Systematic review and meta-analysis: adolescent depression and long-term psychosocial outcomes. J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry. 2019;58:72–7.CrossRefPubMed
9.
Gunnarsdottir H, Hensing G, Hammarström A. Poor school connectedness and adulthood depressiveness: longitudinal theory-driven study from the Northern Sweden Cohort. Eur J Pub Health. 2021;31:797–802.CrossRef
10.
Hammarström A, Janlert U. Cohort Profile: the Northern Swedish Cohort. Int J Epidemiol. 2012;41:1545–52.CrossRefPubMed
11.
Hammarström A, Westerlund H, Kirves K, Nygren K, Virtanen P, Hägglöf B. Addressing challenges of validity and internal consistency of mental health measures in a 27-year longitudinal cohort study– the Northern Swedish Cohort study. BMC Med Res Methodol. 2016;16:4.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral
12.
Nagin D. Analyzing developmental trajectories: semiparametric, group-based approach. Psychol Methods. 1999;4:39–177.CrossRef
13.
Nagin D. Group-based XXXodelling of development. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press; 2005.CrossRef
14.
Nagin D, Jones B, Lima Passos V, Tremblay R. 2016. Group-based multi-trajectory modelling. Statistical Methods in Medical Research 2016;27:2015–23.
15.
Girard L, Tremblay R, Nagin D, Côté S. Development of aggression subtypes from childhood to adolescence: a group-based multi-trajectory modelling perspective. J Abnorm Child Psychol. 2018;47:1–14.
16.
Leisch F, FlexMix. A general framework for finite mixture models and latent class regression in R. J Stat Softw. 2004;11:1–18.CrossRef
17.
18.
Landstedt E, Brydsten A, Hammarström A, Virtanen P, Almquist Y. The role of social position and depressive symptoms in adolescence for life-course trajectories of education and work: a cohort study. BMC Public Health (2016) 16.
19.
Hale D, Viner R. How adolescent health influences education and employment: investigating longitudinal associations and mechanisms. J Epidemiol Community Health. 2018;72:465–70.CrossRefPubMed
20.
Evensen M, Lyngstad T, Melkevik O, Mykletun A. The role of internalizing and externalizing problems in adolescence for adult Educational Attainment: evidence from sibling comparisons using data from the Young HUNT Study. Eur Sociol Rev. 2016;32:552–5.CrossRef
21.
22.
Metzler M, Merrick M, Klevens J, Ports K, Ford D. Adverse childhood experiences and life opportunities: shifting the narrative. Child Youth Serv Rev. 2017;72:141–8.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral
23.
Bellis M, Hughes K, Ford K, Ramos Rodriguez G, Sethi D, Passmore J. Life course health consequences and associated annual costs of adverse childhood experiences across Europe and North America: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Lancet Public Health. 2019;4:e517–28.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral
24.
Bronfenbrenner U, Morris PA. The bioecological model of human development. In: Damon W, Lerner RM, editors. Handbook of Child Psychology. Vol. 1: Theoretical Models of Human Development, 6th edn. Hoboken, NJ: John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 2006; 793–828.
25.
Maughan B, Collishaw S, Stringaris A. Depression in childhood and adolescence. Can Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry. 2013;22:35–40.
26.
Shanahan L, Copeland W, Costello E, Angold A. Child-, adolescent- and young adult-onset depressions: Differential risk factors in development? Psychol Med. 2011;41:2265–74.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral
27.
Pine D, Cohen E, Cohen P, Brook J. Adolescent depressive symptoms as predictors of adult depression: moodiness or mood disorder? Am J Psychiatry. 1999;156:133–5.CrossRefPubMed
28.
29.
30.
Hammarström A, Janlert U. Health selection in a 14-year follow-up study– a question of gendered discrimination? Soc Sci Med. 2005;61:2221–32.CrossRefPubMed
31.
Virtanen P, Janlert U, Hammarström A. Health status and health behaviour as predictors of the occurrence of unemployment and prolonged unemployment. Public Health. 2013;127:46–52.CrossRefPubMed
32.
West P. Rethinking the health selection explanation for health inequalities. Soc Sci Med. 1991;32:373–84.CrossRefPubMed
33.
Benach J, Vives A, Amable M, et al. Precarious employment: understanding an emerging social determinant of health. Annu Rev Public Health. 2014;35(1):229–53.CrossRefPubMed
34.
Bronfenbrenner U. The Ecology of Human Development: experiments by Nature and Design. Cambridge: Harvard University Press; 1979.
35.
Nyberg A, Rajaleid K, Westerlund H, Hammarström A. Does social and professional establishment at age 30 mediate the association between school connectedness and family climate at age 16 and mental health symptoms at age 43? J Affect Disord. 2019;246:52–6.CrossRefPubMed
36.
Ek E, Ala-Mursula L, Velázquez R, Tolvanen A, Salmela-Aro K. Employment trajectories until midlife associate with early social role investments and current work-related well-being. Adv Life Course Res. 2021;47:100391.CrossRefPubMed
37.
Saloniemi A, Salonen J, Nummi T, Virtanen P. The diversity of transitions during early adulthood in the Finnish labour market. J Youth Stud. 2021;24:851–8.CrossRef
38.
Amick et al. 2017 (Amick BC Labor markets and health: an integrated life-course perspective. Scand J Work Environ H 2016;42:346– 53.
Metadata
Title
Psychosocial conditions during school-age as determinants of long-term labour market attachment: a study of the Northern Swedish Cohort from the 1980s to the 2020s
Authors
Pekka Virtanen
Tapio Nummi
Urban Janlert
Anne Hammarström
Publication date
01-12-2024
Publisher
BioMed Central
Published in
BMC Public Health / Issue 1/2024
Electronic ISSN: 1471-2458
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1186/s12889-023-17611-6

Other articles of this Issue 1/2024

BMC Public Health 1/2024 Go to the issue

Research

Social determinants of health and emergency department visits among older adults with multimorbidity: insight from 2010 to 2018 National Health Interview Survey

Research

Mpox vaccine acceptance among healthcare workers: a systematic review and meta-analysis

Research

Bedtime negative affect, sleep quality and subjective health in rural China

Research

Effectiveness of human immunodeficiency virus prevention strategies by mapping the geographic dispersion pattern of human immunodeficiency virus prevalence in Nanning, China

Research

Prevalence and risk factors of obesity among undergraduate student population in Ghana: an evaluation study of body composition indices

Research

Association between geriatric nutritional risk index and depression prevalence in the elderly population in NHANES