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BMC Cancer
Published in: BMC Cancer 1/2015

Open Access 01-12-2015 | Research article

Dietary cadmium intake and risk of prostate cancer: a Danish prospective cohort study

Authors: Kirsten T Eriksen, Jytte Halkjær, Jaymie R Meliker, Jane A McElroy, Mette Sørensen, Anne Tjønneland, Ole Raaschou-Nielsen

Published in: BMC Cancer | Issue 1/2015

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Abstract

Background

Cadmium is classified as a human lung carcinogen based on evidence from high-exposure occupational settings. Though cadmium has no physiological role, increasing evidence suggests cadmium may mimic steroid hormones. This dual ability of being carcinogenic and hormone-like makes cadmium a concern for hormone-related cancers. Causes of prostate cancer are not clear, but steroid hormones, particularly androgens and probably estrogens, may be involved. Cadmium has been positively associated with prostate cancer in occupationally exposed men. In non-occupationally exposed populations, diet and smoking are the main sources of cadmium exposure. The aim of this study was to investigate the association between dietary cadmium intake and prostate cancer risk in Danish men.

Methods

Dietary cadmium intake was estimated in the Danish Diet, Cancer and Health cohort at baseline 1993–97. The estimates were based on a 192 item semi-quantitative food frequency questionnaire and cadmium contents in all food items. Among 26,778 men we identified 1,567 prostate cancer cases from baseline through December 31, 2010 using the Danish Cancer Registry. The association between dietary cadmium intake and prostate cancer risk was analysed using Cox regression models.

Results

We did not find an association between dietary cadmium intake and prostate cancer risk (adjusted incidence rate ratio per 10 μg day−1 = 0.98 (95% CI = 0.88-1.10)). The association did not differ according to aggressiveness of prostate cancer. Educational level, smoking status, BMI, zinc or iron intake did not modify the association.

Conclusions

In our study, we did not find an association between dietary cadmium intake and prostate cancer risk in a cohort of Danish men.
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Metadata
Title
Dietary cadmium intake and risk of prostate cancer: a Danish prospective cohort study
Authors
Kirsten T Eriksen
Jytte Halkjær
Jaymie R Meliker
Jane A McElroy
Mette Sørensen
Anne Tjønneland
Ole Raaschou-Nielsen
Publication date
01-12-2015
Publisher
BioMed Central
Published in
BMC Cancer / Issue 1/2015
Electronic ISSN: 1471-2407
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1186/s12885-015-1153-9

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