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Orphanet Journal of Rare Diseases
Published in: Orphanet Journal of Rare Diseases 1/2012

Open Access 01-12-2012 | Research

Founder mutations in Tunisia: implications for diagnosis in North Africa and Middle East

Authors: Lilia Romdhane, Rym Kefi, Hela Azaiez, Nizar Ben Halim, Koussay Dellagi, Sonia Abdelhak

Published in: Orphanet Journal of Rare Diseases | Issue 1/2012

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Abstract

Background

Tunisia is a North African country of 10 million inhabitants. The native background population is Berber. However, throughout its history, Tunisia has been the site of invasions and migratory waves of allogenic populations and ethnic groups such as Phoenicians, Romans, Vandals, Arabs, Ottomans and French. Like neighbouring and Middle Eastern countries, the Tunisian population shows a relatively high rate of consanguinity and endogamy that favor expression of recessive genetic disorders at relatively high rates. Many factors could contribute to the recurrence of monogenic morbid trait expression. Among them, founder mutations that arise in one ancestral individual and diffuse through generations in isolated communities.

Method

We report here on founder mutations in the Tunisian population by a systematic review of all available data from PubMed, other sources of the scientific literature as well as unpublished data from our research laboratory.

Results

We identified two different classes of founder mutations. The first includes founder mutations so far reported only among Tunisians that are responsible for 30 genetic diseases. The second group represents founder haplotypes described in 51 inherited conditions that occur among Tunisians and are also shared with other North African and Middle Eastern countries. Several heavily disabilitating diseases are caused by recessive founder mutations. They include, among others, neuromuscular diseases such as congenital muscular dystrophy and spastic paraglegia and also severe genodermatoses such as dystrophic epidermolysis bullosa and xeroderma pigmentosa.

Conclusion

This report provides informations on founder mutations for 73 genetic diseases either specific to Tunisians or shared by other populations. Taking into account the relatively high number and frequency of genetic diseases in the region and the limited resources, screening for these founder mutations should provide a rapid and cost effective tool for molecular diagnosis. Indeed, our report should help designing appropriate measures for carrier screening, better evaluation of diseases burden and setting up of preventive measures at the regional level.
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Metadata
Title
Founder mutations in Tunisia: implications for diagnosis in North Africa and Middle East
Authors
Lilia Romdhane
Rym Kefi
Hela Azaiez
Nizar Ben Halim
Koussay Dellagi
Sonia Abdelhak
Publication date
01-12-2012
Publisher
BioMed Central
Published in
Orphanet Journal of Rare Diseases / Issue 1/2012
Electronic ISSN: 1750-1172
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1186/1750-1172-7-52

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