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Implementation Science
Published in: Implementation Science 1/2012

Open Access 01-12-2012 | Systematic review

Systematic review of knowledge translation strategies in the allied health professions

Authors: Shannon D Scott, Lauren Albrecht, Kathy O’Leary, Geoff DC Ball, Lisa Hartling, Anne Hofmeyer, C Allyson Jones, Terry P Klassen, Katharina Kovacs Burns, Amanda S Newton, David Thompson, Donna M Dryden

Published in: Implementation Science | Issue 1/2012

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Abstract

Background

Knowledge translation (KT) aims to close the research-practice gap in order to realize and maximize the benefits of research within the practice setting. Previous studies have investigated KT strategies in nursing and medicine; however, the present study is the first systematic review of the effectiveness of a variety of KT interventions in five allied health disciplines: dietetics, occupational therapy, pharmacy, physiotherapy, and speech-language pathology.

Methods

A health research librarian developed and implemented search strategies in eight electronic databases (MEDLINE, CINAHL, ERIC, PASCAL, EMBASE, IPA, Scopus, CENTRAL) using language (English) and date restrictions (1985 to March 2010). Other relevant sources were manually searched. Two reviewers independently screened the titles and abstracts, reviewed full-text articles, performed data extraction, and performed quality assessment. Within each profession, evidence tables were created, grouping and analyzing data by research design, KT strategy, targeted behaviour, and primary outcome. The published descriptions of the KT interventions were compared to the Workgroup for Intervention Development and Evaluation Research (WIDER) Recommendations to Improve the Reporting of the Content of Behaviour Change Interventions.

Results

A total of 2,638 articles were located and the titles and abstracts were screened. Of those, 1,172 full-text articles were reviewed and subsequently 32 studies were included in the systematic review. A variety of single (n = 15) and multiple (n = 17) KT interventions were identified, with educational meetings being the predominant KT strategy (n = 11). The majority of primary outcomes were identified as professional/process outcomes (n = 25); however, patient outcomes (n = 4), economic outcomes (n = 2), and multiple primary outcomes (n = 1) were also represented. Generally, the studies were of low methodological quality. Outcome reporting bias was common and precluded clear determination of intervention effectiveness. In the majority of studies, the interventions demonstrated mixed effects on primary outcomes, and only four studies demonstrated statistically significant, positive effects on primary outcomes. None of the studies satisfied the four WIDER Recommendations.

Conclusions

Across five allied health professions, equivocal results, low methodological quality, and outcome reporting bias limited our ability to recommend one KT strategy over another. Further research employing the WIDER Recommendations is needed to inform the development and implementation of effective KT interventions in allied health.
Appendix
Available only for authorised users
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Metadata
Title
Systematic review of knowledge translation strategies in the allied health professions
Authors
Shannon D Scott
Lauren Albrecht
Kathy O’Leary
Geoff DC Ball
Lisa Hartling
Anne Hofmeyer
C Allyson Jones
Terry P Klassen
Katharina Kovacs Burns
Amanda S Newton
David Thompson
Donna M Dryden
Publication date
01-12-2012
Publisher
BioMed Central
Published in
Implementation Science / Issue 1/2012
Electronic ISSN: 1748-5908
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1186/1748-5908-7-70

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