Skip to main content
Key Specialties
Cardiology Diabetology Endocrinology Gastroenterology Geriatrics and Gerontology Gynecology and Obstetrics Hematology Infectious Disease Internal Medicine Nephrology Neurology Oncology Pediatrics Respiratory Medicine Rheumatology Surgery
Congress Coverage
2024 ACC Congress 2023 ESMO Congress 2023 EASD Congress 2023 ERS Congress 2023 ESC Congress
Clinical Collections
Advances in Alzheimer’s

Keynote webinar | Spotlight on medication adherence

LIVE: Thursday 27th June 2024, 18:00-19:30 (CEST)
Join our expert panel to discover why you need to understand the drivers of non-adherence in your patients, and how you can optimize medication adherence in your clinics to drastically improve patient outcomes.
ADVANCED SEARCH
Log in
Top
Allergy, Asthma & Clinical Immunology
Published in: Allergy, Asthma & Clinical Immunology 1/2008

Open Access 01-03-2008 | Research

Psychological Factors in Asthma

Authors: Ryan J Van Lieshout, Glenda MacQueen

Published in: Allergy, Asthma & Clinical Immunology | Issue 1/2008

Login to get access

Abstract

Asthma has long been considered a condition in which psychological factors have a role. As in many illnesses, psychological variables may affect outcome in asthma via their effects on treatment adherence and symptom reporting. Emerging evidence suggests that the relation between asthma and psychological factors may be more complex than that, however. Central cognitive processes may influence not only the interpretation of asthma symptoms but also the manifestation of measurable changes in immune and physiologic markers of asthma. Furthermore, asthma and major depressive disorder share several risk factors and have similar patterns of dysregulation in key biologic systems, including the neuroendocrine stress response, cytokines, and neuropeptides. Despite the evidence that depression is common in people with asthma and exerts a negative impact on outcome, few treatment studies have examined whether improving symptoms of depression do, in fact, result in better control of asthma symptoms or improved quality of life in patients with asthma.
Literature
1.
Sandberg S, Paton JY, Ahola S: The role of acute and chronic stress in asthma attacks in children. Lancet. 2000, 356: 982-7. 10.1016/S0140-6736(00)02715-X.PubMedCrossRef
2.
Yorke J, Fleming SL, Shuldham CM: Psychological interventions for adults with asthma. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2006, 1: CD002982-PubMed
3.
Yorke J, Fleming S, Shuldham C: Psychological interventions for children with asthma. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2005, CD003272-
4.
Yorke J, Fleming SL, Shuldham C: A systematic review of psychological interventions for children with asthma. Pediatr Pulmonol. 2007, 42: 114-24. 10.1002/ppul.20464.PubMedCrossRef
5.
Dahl J, Gustafsson D, Melin L: Effects of a behavioral treatment program on children with asthma. J Asthma. 1990, 27: 41-6. 10.3109/02770909009073293.PubMedCrossRef
6.
Colland VT: Learning to cope with asthma: a behavioural self-management program for children. Patient Educ Couns. 1993, 22: 141-52. 10.1016/0738-3991(93)90094-D.PubMedCrossRef
7.
Perez J, Tardito D, Racagni G: Protein kinase A and Rap1 levels in platelets of untreated patients with major depression. Mol Psychiatry. 2001, 6: 44-9. 10.1038/sj.mp.4000795.PubMedCrossRef
8.
Alexander AB, Miklich DR, Hershkoff H: The immediate effects of systematic relaxation training on peak expiratory flow rates in asthmatic children. Psychosom Med. 1972, 34: 388-94.PubMedCrossRef
9.
Weingarten MA, Goldberg J, Teperberg Y: A pilot study of the multidisciplinary management of childhood asthma in a family practice. J Asthma. 1985, 22: 261-5. 10.3109/02770908509077458.PubMedCrossRef
10.
Kohen DP: Hypnotherapeutic management of pediatric and adolescent trichotillomania. J Dev Behav Pediatr. 1996, 17: 328-34. 10.1097/00004703-199610000-00007.PubMedCrossRef
11.
Khan AU, Staerk M, Bonk C: Role of counter-conditioning in the treatment of asthma. J Psychosom Res. 1973, 17: 389-92. 10.1016/0022-3999(73)90049-4.PubMedCrossRef
12.
Khan AU: Effectiveness of biofeedback and counter-conditioning in the treatment of bronchial asthma. J Psychosom Res. 1977, 21: 97-104. 10.1016/0022-3999(77)90078-2.PubMedCrossRef
13.
Kotses H, Harver A, Segreto J: Long-term effects of biofeedback-induced facial relaxation on measures of asthma severity in children. Biofeedback Self Regul. 1991, 16: 1-21. 10.1007/BF01000442.PubMedCrossRef
14.
Gustafsson PA, Bjorksten B, Kjellman NI: Family dysfunction in asthma: a prospective study of illness development. J Pediatr. 1994, 125: 493-8. 10.1016/S0022-3476(05)83306-2.PubMedCrossRef
15.
Wolf FM, Guevera JP, Grum CM: Educational interventions for asthma in children. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2003, CD000326-
16.
Holloway E, Ram FSF: Breathing exercises for asthma. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2004, CD001277-DOI: 10.1002/14651858.CD001277., 1
17.
Centanni S, Di Marco F, Castagna F: Psychological issues in the treatment of asthmatic patients. Respir Med. 2000, 94: 742-9. 10.1053/rmed.1999.0766.PubMedCrossRef
18.
Timonen M, Jokelainen J, Hakko H: Atopy and depression: results from the Northern Finland 1966 Birth Cohort Study. Mol Psychiatry. 2003, 8: 738-44. 10.1038/sj.mp.4001274.PubMedCrossRef
19.
Timonen M, Hakko H, Miettunen J: Association between atopic disorders and depression: findings from the Northern Finland 1966 birth cohort study. Am J Med Genet. 2001, 105: 216-7. 10.1002/ajmg.1199.PubMedCrossRef
20.
Bell IR, Jasnoski ML, Kagan J, King DS: Depression and allergies: survey of a nonclinical population. Psychother Psychosom. 1991, 55: 24-31. 10.1159/000288404.PubMedCrossRef
21.
Matussek P, Agerer D, Seibt G: Allergic disorders in depressive patients. Compr Psychiatry. 1983, 24: 25-34. 10.1016/0010-440X(83)90047-0.PubMedCrossRef
22.
Yatham LN, Kennedy SH, O'Donovan C: Canadian Network for Mood and Anxiety Treatments (CANMAT) guidelines for the management of patients with bipolar disorder: update 2007. Bipolar Disord. 2006, 8: 721-39. 10.1111/j.1399-5618.2006.00432.x.PubMedCrossRef
23.
Nasr S, Altman EG, Meltzer HY: Concordance of atopic and affective disorders. J Affect Disord. 1981, 3: 291-6. 10.1016/0165-0327(81)90030-6.PubMedCrossRef
24.
Nejtek VA, Brown ES, Khan DA: Prevalence of mood disorders and relationship to asthma severity in patients at an inner-city asthma clinic. Ann Allergy Asthma Immunol. 2001, 87: 129-33. 10.1016/S1081-1206(10)62206-5.PubMedCrossRef
25.
Brown RE, Stevens DR, Haas HL: The physiology of brain histamine. Prog Neurobiol. 2001, 63: 637-72. 10.1016/S0301-0082(00)00039-3.PubMedCrossRef
26.
Davis JB: Neurotic illness in the families of children with asthma and wheezy bronchitis: a general practice population study. Psychol Med. 1977, 7: 305-10. 10.1017/S0033291700029408.PubMedCrossRef
27.
Jessop DJ, Riessman CK, Stein RE: Chronic childhood illness and maternal mental health. J Dev Behav Pediatr. 1988, 9: 147-56. 10.1097/00004703-198806000-00006.PubMedCrossRef
28.
Leigh D, Marley E: Bronchial asthma: a genetic, population and psychiatric study. 1967, Oxford: Pergamon Press
29.
Meijer A: A controlled study on asthmatic children and their families. Synopsis of findings. Isr J Psychiatry Relat Sci. 1981, 18: 197-208.PubMed
30.
Wamboldt MZ, Weintraub P, Krafchick D, Wamboldt FS: Psychiatric family history in adolescents with severe asthma. J Am Acad Child AdolescPsychiatry. 1996, 35: 1042-9. 10.1097/00004583-199608000-00015.CrossRef
31.
Brown ES, Gan V, Jeffress J: Psychiatric symptomatology and disorders in caregivers of children with asthma. Pediatrics. 2006, 118: e1715-20. 10.1542/peds.2006-1119.PubMedCrossRef
32.
Ortega AN, Goodwin RD, McQuaid EL, Canino G: Parental mental health, childhood psychiatric disorders, and asthma attacks in island Puerto Rican youth. Ambul Pediatr. 2004, 4: 308-15. 10.1367/A03-169R1.1.PubMedCrossRef
33.
Wamboldt MZ, Hewitt JK, Schmitz S: Familial association between allergic disorders and depression in adult Finnish twins. Am J Med Genet. 2000, 96: 146-53. 10.1002/(SICI)1096-8628(20000403)96:2<146::AID-AJMG4>3.0.CO;2-J.PubMedCrossRef
34.
Fantuzzi G: Adipose tissue, adipokines, and inflammation. J Allergy Clin Immunol. 2005, 115: 911-9. 10.1016/j.jaci.2005.02.023.PubMedCrossRef
35.
Weiss ST, Shore S: Obesity and asthma: directions for research. Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 2004, 169: 963-8. 10.1164/rccm.200303-403WS.PubMedCrossRef
36.
Ford ES: The epidemiology of obesity and asthma. J Allergy Clin Immunol. 2005, 115: 897-909. 10.1016/j.jaci.2004.11.050.PubMedCrossRef
37.
Fredberg JJ, Jones KA, Nathan M: Friction in airway smooth muscle: mechanism, latch, and implications in asthma. J Appl Physiol. 1996, 81: 2703-12.PubMed
38.
39.
Sierra-Honigmann MR, Nath AK, Murakami C: Biological action of leptin as an angiogenic factor. Science. 1998, 281: 1683-6. 10.1126/science.281.5383.1683.PubMedCrossRef
40.
McElroy SL, Kotwal R, Malhotra S: Are mood disorders and obesity related? A review for the mental health professional. J Clin Psychiatry. 2004, 65: 634-51. 10.4088/JCP.v65n0507.PubMedCrossRef
41.
Faith MS, Matz PE, Jorge MA: Obesity-depression associations in the population. J Psychosom Res. 2002, 53: 935-42. 10.1016/S0022-3999(02)00308-2.PubMedCrossRef
42.
Bjorntorp P, Rosmond R: Obesity and cortisol. Nutrition. 2000, 16: 924-36. 10.1016/S0899-9007(00)00422-6.PubMedCrossRef
43.
Lambert GW, Vaz M, Cox HS: Human obesity is associated with a chronic elevation in brain 5-hydroxytryptamine turnover. Clin Sci (Lond). 1999, 96: 191-7. 10.1042/CS19980197.CrossRef
44.
Wang GJ, Volkow ND, Logan J: Brain dopamine and obesity. Lancet. 2001, 357: 354-7. 10.1016/S0140-6736(00)03643-6.PubMedCrossRef
45.
Das UN: Is obesity an inflammatory condition?. Nutrition. 2001, 17: 953-66. 10.1016/S0899-9007(01)00672-4.PubMedCrossRef
46.
Kop WJ, Gottdiener JS, Tangen CM: Inflammation and coagulation factors in persons >65 years of age with symptoms of depression but without evidence of myocardial ischemia. Am J Cardiol. 2002, 89: 419-24. 10.1016/S0002-9149(01)02264-0.PubMedCrossRef
47.
Fergusson DM, Woodward LJ, Horwood LJ: Maternal smoking during pregnancy and psychiatric adjustment in late adolescence. Arch Gen Psychiatry. 1998, 55: 721-7. 10.1001/archpsyc.55.8.721.PubMedCrossRef
48.
Ng SP, Zelikoff JT: Smoking during pregnancy: subsequent effects on offspring immune competence and disease vulnerability in later life. Reprod Toxicol. 2006
49.
Wu LT, Anthony JC: Tobacco smoking and depressed mood in late childhood and early adolescence. Am J Public Health. 1999, 89: 1837-40. 10.2105/AJPH.89.12.1837.PubMedCentralPubMedCrossRef
50.
Maritz GS, Morley CJ, Harding R: Early developmental origins of impaired lung structure and function. Early Hum Dev. 2005, 81: 763-71. 10.1016/j.earlhumdev.2005.07.002.PubMedCrossRef
51.
Singh SP, Barrett EG, Kalra R: Prenatal cigarette smoke decreases lung cAMP and increases airway hyperresponsiveness. Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 2003, 168: 342-7. 10.1164/rccm.200211-1262OC.PubMedCrossRef
52.
Chalmers GW, MacLeod KJ, Little SA: Influence of cigarette smoking on inhaled corticosteroid treatment in mild asthma. Thorax. 2002, 57: 226-30. 10.1136/thorax.57.3.226.PubMedCentralPubMedCrossRef
53.
Chaudhuri R, Livingston E, McMahon AD: Cigarette smoking impairs the therapeutic response to oral corticosteroids in chronic asthma. Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 2003, 168: 1308-11. 10.1164/rccm.200304-503OC.PubMedCrossRef
54.
Okamoto K, Tanaka H, Ogawa H: Redox-dependent regulation of nuclear import of the glucocorticoid receptor. J Bio Chem. 1999, 274: 10363-71. 10.1074/jbc.274.15.10363.CrossRef
55.
Ito K, Hanazawa T, Tomita K: Oxidative stress reduces histone deacetylase 2 activity and enhances IL-8 gene expression: role of tyrosine nitration. Biochem Biophys Res Commun. 2004, 315: 240-5. 10.1016/j.bbrc.2004.01.046.PubMedCrossRef
56.
Katsoulis K, Kontakiotis T, Leonardopoulos I: Serum total antioxidant status in severe exacerbation of asthma: correlation with the severity of the disease. J Asthma. 2003, 40: 847-54. 10.1081/JAS-120023575.PubMedCrossRef
57.
Katon WJ, Richardson L, Lozano P, McCauley E: The relationship of asthma and anxiety disorders. Psychosom Med. 2004, 66: 349-55. 10.1097/01.psy.0000126202.89941.ea.PubMed
58.
Katon WJ, Richardson L, Russo J: Quality of mental health care for youth with asthma and comorbid anxiety and depression. Med Care. 2006, 44: 1064-72. 10.1097/01.mlr.0000237421.17555.8f.PubMedCrossRef
59.
Kelleher KJ, Horwitz SM: Quality of mental health care for children: a familiar storyline. Med Care. 2006, 44: 1061-3. 10.1097/01.mlr.0000250626.81967.62.PubMedCrossRef
60.
Brown ES, Vigil L, Khan DA: A randomized trial of citalopram versus placebo in outpatients with asthma and major depressive disorder: a proof of concept study. Biol Psychiatry. 2005, 58: 865-70. 10.1016/j.biopsych.2005.04.030.PubMedCrossRef
61.
Sanger MD: Depression and allergic dermatologic disease. Psychosomatics. 1969, 10: 25-7.PubMed
62.
Allen LA, Woolfolk RL, Escobar JL: Cognitive-behavioral therapy for somatization disorder: a randomized controlled trial. Arch Intern Med. 2006, 166: 1512-8. 10.1001/archinte.166.14.1512.PubMedCrossRef
63.
Wright RJ, Kindlon D, Tollerud D: Does maternal stress influence polarization of TH2-dominated cytokine production and total IgE in maternal and cord blood?. Am J Resp Crit Care Med. 1999, 159: A103-
64.
Elenkov IJ, Webster EL, Torpy DJ, Chrousos GP: Stress, corticotropin-releasing hormone, glucocorticoids, and the immune/inflammatory response: acute and chronic effects. Ann N Y Acad Sci. 1999, 876: 1-11. 10.1111/j.1749-6632.1999.tb07618.x.PubMedCrossRef
65.
Shanks N, Lightman SL: The maternal-neonatal neuro-immune interface: are there long-term implications for inflammatory or stress-related disease?. J Clin Invest. 2001, 108: 1567-73.PubMedCentralPubMedCrossRef
66.
Gluckman PD, Cutfield W, Hofman P, Hanson MA: The fetal, neonatal, and infant environments--the long-term consequences for disease risk. Early Hum Dev. 2005, 81: 51-9. 10.1016/j.earlhumdev.2004.10.003.PubMedCrossRef
67.
Barker DJ: A new model for the origins of chronic disease. Med Health Care Philos. 2001, 4: 31-5. 10.1023/A:1009934412988.PubMedCrossRef
68.
Morgan WJ, Martinez FD: Risk factors for developing wheezing and asthma in childhood. Pediatr Clin North Am. 1992, 39: 1185-203.PubMed
69.
Klinnert MD, Mrazek PJ, Mrazek DA: Early asthma onset: the interaction between family stressors and adaptive parenting. Psychiatry. 1994, 57: 51-61.PubMed
70.
Klinnert MD, Nelson HS, Price MR: Onset and persistence of childhood asthma: predictors from infancy. Pediatrics. 2001, 108: E69-10.1542/peds.108.4.e69.PubMedCrossRef
71.
Weil CM, Wade SL, Bauman LJ: The relationship between psychosocial factors and asthma morbidity in inner-city children with asthma. Pediatrics. 1999, 104: 1274-80. 10.1542/peds.104.6.1274.PubMedCrossRef
72.
Leung DY, Spahn JD, Szefler SJ: Immunologic basis and management of steroid-resistant asthma. Allergy Asthma Proc. 1999, 20: 9-14. 10.2500/108854199778681512.PubMedCrossRef
73.
Bumbacea D, Campbell D, Nguyen L: Parameters associated with persistent airflow obstruction in chronic severe asthma. Eur Respir J. 2004, 24: 122-8. 10.1183/09031936.04.00077803.PubMedCrossRef
74.
Pariante CM, Miller AH: Glucocorticoid receptors in major depression: relevance to pathophysiology and treatment. Biol Psychiatry. 2001, 49: 391-404. 10.1016/S0006-3223(00)01088-X.PubMedCrossRef
75.
Brown ES, Varghese FP, McEwen BS: Association of depression with medical illness: does cortisol play a role?. Biol Psychiatry. 2004, 55: 1-9. 10.1016/S0006-3223(03)00473-6.PubMedCrossRef
76.
Arana GW, Baldessarini RJ, Ornsteen M: The dexamethasone suppression test for diagnosis and prognosis in psychiatry. Commentary and review. Arch Gen Psychiatry. 1985, 42: 1193-204.PubMedCrossRef
77.
Lenox RH, Peyser JM, Rothschild B: Failure to normalize the dexamethasone suppression test: association with length of illness. Biol Psychiatry. 1985, 20: 333-7. 10.1016/0006-3223(85)90064-2.PubMedCrossRef
78.
Banki CM, Karmacsi L, Bissette G, Nemeroff CB: CSF corticotropin-releasing hormone and somatostatin in major depression: response to antidepressant treatment and relapse. Eur Neuropsychopharmacol. 1992, 2: 107-13. 10.1016/0924-977X(92)90019-5.PubMedCrossRef
79.
Wong ML, Kling MA, Munson PJ: Pronounced and sustained central hypernoradrenergic function in major depression with melancholic features: relation to hypercortisolism and corticotropin-releasing hormone. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA. 2000, 97: 325-30. 10.1073/pnas.97.1.325.PubMedCentralPubMedCrossRef
80.
Roy A, Pickar D, Paul S: CSF corticotropin-releasing hormone in depressed patients and normal control subjects. Am J Psychiatry. 1987, 144: 641-5.PubMedCrossRef
81.
Nemeroff CB, Bissette G, Akil H, Fink M: Neuropeptide concentrations in the cerebrospinal fluid of depressed patients treated with electroconvulsive therapy. Corticotrophin-releasing factor, beta-endorphin and somatostatin. Br J Psychiatry. 1991, 158: 59-63. 10.1192/bjp.158.1.59.PubMedCrossRef
82.
Heuser I, Bissette G, Dettling M: Cerebrospinal fluid concentrations of corticotropin-releasing hormone, vasopressin, and somatostatin in depressed patients and healthy controls: response to amitriptyline treatment. Depress Anxiety. 1998, 8: 71-9. 10.1002/(SICI)1520-6394(1998)8:2<71::AID-DA5>3.0.CO;2-N.PubMedCrossRef
83.
Pace TW, Hu F, Miller AH: Cytokine effects on glucocorticoid receptor function: relevance to glucocorticoid resistance and the pathophysiology and treatment of major depression. Brain Behav Immun. 2007, 21: 9-19. 10.1016/j.bbi.2006.08.009.PubMedCentralPubMedCrossRef
84.
Watkins LR, Maier SF: Immune regulation of central nervous system functions: from sickness responses to pathological pain. J Intern Med. 2005, 257: 139-55. 10.1111/j.1365-2796.2004.01443.x.PubMedCrossRef
85.
Raison CL, Capuron L, Miller AH: Cytokines sing the blues: inflammation and the pathogenesis of depression. Trends Immunol. 2006, 27: 24-31. 10.1016/j.it.2005.11.006.PubMedCentralPubMedCrossRef
86.
Wichers MC, Maes M: The role of indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase (IDO) in the pathophysiology of interferon-alpha-induced depression. J Psychiatry Neurosci. 2004, 29: 11-7.PubMedCentralPubMed
87.
Raison CL, Miller AH: Depression in cancer: new developments regarding diagnosis and treatment. Biol Psychiatry. 2003, 54: 283-94. 10.1016/S0006-3223(03)00413-X.PubMedCrossRef
88.
Zorrilla EP, Luborsky L, McKay JR: The relationship of depression and stressors to immunological assays: a meta-analytic review. Brain Behav Immun. 2001, 15: 199-226. 10.1006/brbi.2000.0597.PubMedCrossRef
89.
Doganci A, Eigenbrod T, Krug N: The IL-6R alpha chain controls lung CD4+CD25+ Treg development and function during allergic airway inflammation in vivo. J Clin Invest. 2005, 115: 313-25.PubMedCentralPubMedCrossRef
90.
Dinarello CA: Biologic basis for interleukin-1 in disease. Blood. 1996, 87: 2095-147.PubMed
91.
Whelan R, Kim C, Chen M: Role and regulation of interleukin-1 molecules in pro-asthmatic sensitised airway smooth muscle. Eur Respir J. 2004, 24: 559-67. 10.1183/09031936.04.00133803.PubMedCrossRef
92.
Johnson VJ, Yucesoy B, Luster MI: Prevention of IL-1 signaling attenuates airway hyperresponsiveness and inflammation in a murine model of toluene diisocyanate-induced asthma. J Allergy Clin Immunol. 2005, 116: 851-8. 10.1016/j.jaci.2005.07.008.PubMedCrossRef
93.
Dinarello CA: The IL-1 family and inflammatory diseases. Clin Exp Rheumatol. 2002, 20: S1-13.PubMed
94.
Song C, Horrobin DF, Leonard BE: The comparison of changes in behavior, neurochemistry, endocrine, and immune functions after different routes, doses and durations of administrations of IL-1beta in rats. Pharmacopsychiatry. 2006, 39: 88-99. 10.1055/s-2006-941557.PubMedCrossRef
95.
Witkamp R, Monshouwer M: Signal transduction in inflammatory processes, current and future therapeutic targets: a mini review. Vet Q. 2000, 22: 11-6.PubMedCrossRef
96.
Raison CL, Miller AH: When not enough is too much: the role of insufficient glucocorticoid signaling in the pathophysiology of stress-related disorders. Am J Psychiatry. 2003, 160: 1554-65. 10.1176/appi.ajp.160.9.1554.PubMedCrossRef
97.
Kampf C, Relova AJ, Sandler S, Roomans GM: Effects of TNF-alpha, IFN-gamma and IL-beta on normal human bronchial epithelial cells. Eur Respir J. 1999, 14: 84-91. 10.1034/j.1399-3003.1999.14a15.x.PubMedCrossRef
98.
Howarth PH, Babu KS, Arshad HS: Tumour necrosis factor (TNFalpha) as a novel therapeutic target in symptomatic corticosteroid dependent asthma. Thorax. 2005, 60: 1012-8. 10.1136/thx.2005.045260.PubMedCentralPubMedCrossRef
99.
Berry MA, Hargadon B, Shelley M: Evidence of a role of tumor necrosis factor alpha in refractory asthma. N Engl J Med. 2006, 354: 697-708. 10.1056/NEJMoa050580.PubMedCrossRef
100.
O'Byrne PM: Cytokines or their antagonists for the treatment of asthma. Chest. 2006, 130: 244-50. 10.1378/chest.130.1.244.PubMedCrossRef
101.
Bentley A, Ying S, Gaga M: Tissue eosinophilia and increased numbers of cell expressing mRNA for IL-4 and IL-5 occur in asthma but not bronchiectasis. J Allergy Clin Immunol. 1998, 101: S107-44.
102.
Zangrilli JG, Shaver JR, Cirelli RA: sVCAM-1 levels after segmental antigen challenge correlate with eosinophil influx, IL-4 and IL-5 production, and the late phase response. Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 1995, 151: 1346-53.PubMedCrossRef
103.
Pavon L, Sandoval-Lopez G, Eugenia HM: Th2 cytokine response in major depressive disorder patients before treatment. J Neuroimmunol. 2006, 172: 156-65. 10.1016/j.jneuroim.2005.08.014.PubMedCrossRef
104.
Padgett DA, Sheridan JF, Loria RM: Steroid hormone regulation of a polyclonal TH2 immune response. Ann N Y Acad Sci. 1995, 774: 323-5. 10.1111/j.1749-6632.1995.tb17398.x-i1.PubMedCrossRef
105.
Mendlovic S, Mozes E, Eilat E: Immune activation in nontreated suicidal major depression. Immunol Lett. 1999, 67: 105-8. 10.1016/S0165-2478(98)00145-X.PubMedCrossRef
106.
Kumar A, Takada Y, Boriek AM, Aggarwal BB: Nuclear factor-kappaB: its role in health and disease. J Mol Med. 2004, 82: 434-48. 10.1007/s00109-004-0555-y.PubMedCrossRef
107.
Bethea CL, Reddy AP, Smith LJ: Nuclear factor kappa B in the dorsal raphe of macaques: an anatomical link for steroids, cytokines and serotonin. J Psychiatry Neurosci. 2006, 31: 105-14.PubMedCentralPubMed
108.
Christman JW, Sadikot RT, Blackwell TS: The role of nuclear factor-kappa B in pulmonary diseases. Chest. 2000, 117: 1482-7. 10.1378/chest.117.5.1482.PubMedCrossRef
109.
Hancox RJ, Stevens DA, Adcock IM: Effects of inhaled beta agonist and corticosteroid treatment on nuclear transcription factors in bronchial mucosa in asthma. Thorax. 1999, 54: 488-92. 10.1136/thx.54.6.488.PubMedCentralPubMedCrossRef
110.
Bowler RP: Oxidative stress in the pathogenesis of asthma. Curr Allergy Asthma Rep. 2004, 4: 116-22. 10.1007/s11882-004-0056-7.PubMedCrossRef
111.
Liao MF, Chen CC, Hsu MH: Evaluation of the serum antioxidant status in asthmatic children. Acta Paediatr Taiwan. 2004, 45: 213-7.PubMed
112.
Nadeem A, Raj HG, Chhabra SK: Increased oxidative stress in acute exacerbations of asthma. J Asthma. 2005, 42: 45-50. 10.1081/JAS-200044774.PubMedCrossRef
113.
Monteseirin J, Bonilla I, Camacho J: Elevated secretion of myeloperoxidase by neutrophils from asthmatic patients: the effect of immunotherapy. J Allergy Clin Immunol. 2001, 107: 623-6. 10.1067/mai.2001.113566.PubMedCrossRef
114.
Mak JC, Chan-Yeung MM: Reactive oxidant species in asthma. Curr Opin Pulm Med. 2006, 12: 7-11. 10.1097/01.mcp.0000198067.50457.71.PubMedCrossRef
115.
Wright RJ, Cohen RT, Cohen S: The impact of stress on the development and expression of atopy. Curr Opin Allergy Clin Immunol. 2005, 5: 23-9. 10.1097/00130832-200502000-00006.PubMedCrossRef
116.
Yamaguchi T, Shioji I, Sugimoto A, Yamaoka M: Psychological stress increases bilirubin metabolites in human urine. Biochem Biophys Res Commun. 2002, 293: 517-20. 10.1016/S0006-291X(02)00233-4.PubMedCrossRef
117.
Cernak I, Savic V, Kotur J: Alterations in magnesium and oxidative status during chronic emotional stress. Magnes Res. 2000, 13: 29-36.PubMed
118.
McDaniel JS, Musselman DL, Porter MR: Depression in patients with cancer. diagnosis, biology, and treatment. Arch Gen Psychiatry. 1995, 52: 89-99.PubMedCrossRef
119.
Tsuboi H, Shimoi K, Kinae N: Depressive symptoms are independently correlated with lipid peroxidation in a female population: comparison with vitamins and carotenoids. J Psychosom Res. 2004, 56: 53-8. 10.1016/S0022-3999(03)00567-1.PubMedCrossRef
120.
Peet M, Murphy B, Shay J, Horrobin D: Depletion of omega-3 fatty acid levels in red blood cell membranes of depressive patients. Biol Psychiatry. 1998, 43: 315-9. 10.1016/S0006-3223(97)00206-0.PubMedCrossRef
121.
Irie M, Miyata M, Kasai H: Depression and possible cancer risk due to oxidative DNA damage. J Psychiatr Res. 2005, 39: 553-60. 10.1016/j.jpsychires.2005.01.009.PubMedCrossRef
122.
Forlenza MJ, Miller GE: Increased serum levels of 8-hydroxy-2'-deoxyguanosine in clinical depression. Psychosom Med. 2006, 68: 1-7. 10.1097/01.psy.0000195780.37277.2a.PubMedCrossRef
123.
Herbert TB, Cohen S: Depression and immunity: a meta-analytic review. Psychol Bull. 1993, 113: 472-86. 10.1037/0033-2909.113.3.472.PubMedCrossRef
124.
Miller GE, Freedland KE, Carney RM: Pathways linking depression, adiposity, and inflammatory markers in healthy young adults. Brain Behav Immun. 2003, 17: 276-85. 10.1016/S0889-1591(03)00057-6.PubMedCrossRef
125.
Yao JK, Reddy RD: Metabolic investigation in psychiatric disorders. Mol Neurobiol. 2005, 31: 193-203. 10.1385/MN:31:1-3:193.PubMedCrossRef
126.
Stanciu LA, Djukanovic R: The role of ICAM-1 on T-cells in the pathogenesis of asthma. Eur Respir J. 1998, 11: 949-57. 10.1183/09031936.98.11040949.PubMedCrossRef
127.
Tang ML, Fiscus LC: Important roles for L-selectin and ICAM-1 in the development of allergic airway inflammation in asthma. Pulm Pharmacol Ther. 2001, 14: 203-10. 10.1006/pupt.2001.0293.PubMedCrossRef
128.
Montefort S, Lai CK, Kapahi P: Circulating adhesion molecules in asthma. Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 1994, 149: 1149-52.PubMedCrossRef
129.
Gonokami Y, Konno S, Kurokawa M: Circulating intracellular adhesion molecule-1 concentrations following bronchial provocation in atopic asthma. Int Arch Allergy Immunol. 1997, 112: 386-91. 10.1159/000237485.PubMedCrossRef
130.
Gorska-Ciebiada M, Ciebiada M, Gorska MM: Intercellular adhesion molecule 1 and tumor necrosis factor alpha in asthma and persistent allergic rhinitis: relationship with disease severity. Ann Allergy Asthma Immunol. 2006, 97: 66-72. 10.1016/S1081-1206(10)61372-5.PubMedCrossRef
131.
Thomas AJ, Ferrier IN, Kalaria RN: Elevation in late-life depression of intercellular adhesion molecule-1 expression in the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex. Am J Psychiatry. 2000, 157: 1682-4. 10.1176/appi.ajp.157.10.1682.PubMedCrossRef
132.
Rajagopalan S, Brook R, Rubenfire M: Abnormal brachial artery flow-mediated vasodilation in young adults with major depression. Am J Cardiol. 2001, 88: 196-8. 10.1016/S0002-9149(01)01623-X. A7.PubMedCrossRef
133.
Lesperance F, Frasure-Smith N, Theroux P, Irwin M: The association between major depression and levels of soluble intercellular adhesion molecule 1, interleukin-6, and C-reactive protein in patients with recent acute coronary syndromes. Am J Psychiatry. 2004, 161: 271-7. 10.1176/appi.ajp.161.2.271.PubMedCrossRef
134.
Empana JP, Sykes DH, Luc G: Contributions of depressive mood and circulating inflammatory markers to coronary heart disease in healthy European men: the Prospective Epidemiological Study of Myocardial Infarction (PRIME). Circulation. 2005, 111: 2299-305. 10.1161/01.CIR.0000164203.54111.AE.PubMedCrossRef
135.
Dimopoulos N, Piperi C, Salonicioti A: Elevation of plasma concentration of adhesion molecules in late-life depression. Int J Geriatr Psychiatry. 2006, 21: 965-71. 10.1002/gps.1592.PubMedCrossRef
136.
Schaefer M, Horn M, Schmidt F: Correlation between sICAM-1 and depressive symptoms during adjuvant treatment of melanoma with interferon-alpha. Brain Behav Immun. 2004, 18: 555-62. 10.1016/j.bbi.2004.02.002.PubMedCrossRef
137.
Park GY, Christman JW: Involvement of cyclooxygenase-2 and prostaglandins in the molecular pathogenesis of inflammatory lung diseases. Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol. 2006, 290: L797-805. 10.1152/ajplung.00513.2005.PubMedCentralPubMedCrossRef
138.
Yaksh TL, Dirig DM, Conway CM: The acute antihyperalgesic action of nonsteroidal, anti-inflammatory drugs and release of spinal prostaglandin E2 is mediated by the inhibition of constitutive spinal cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) but not COX-1. J Neurosci. 2001, 21: 5847-53.PubMed
139.
Muller N, Schwarz MJ, Dehning S: The cyclooxygenase-2 inhibitor celecoxib has therapeutic effects in major depression: results of a double-blind, randomized, placebo controlled, add-on pilot study to reboxetine. Mol Psychiatry. 2006, 11: 680-4. 10.1038/sj.mp.4001805.PubMedCrossRef
140.
Collantes-Esteves E, Fernandez-Perrez Ch: Improved self-control of ostheoarthritis pain and self-reported health status in nonresponders to celecoxib switched to rofecoxib: results of PAVIA, an open-label post-marketing survey in Spain. Curr Med Res Opin. 2003, 19: 402-10. 10.1185/030079903125001938.CrossRef
141.
Devillier P, Bessard G: Thromboxane A2 and related prostaglandins in airways. Fundam Clin Pharmacol. 1997, 11: 2-18. 10.1111/j.1472-8206.1997.tb00163.x.PubMedCrossRef
142.
Rolin S, Masereel B, Dogne JM: Prostanoids as pharmacological targets in COPD and asthma. Eur J Pharmacol. 2006, 533: 89-100. 10.1016/j.ejphar.2005.12.058.PubMedCrossRef
143.
Linnoila M, Whorton AR, Rubinow DR: CSF prostaglandin levels in depressed and schizophrenic patients. Arch Gen Psychiatry. 1983, 40: 405-6.PubMedCrossRef
144.
Calabrese JR, Skwerer RG, Barna B: Depression, immunocompetence, and prostaglandins of the E series. Psychiatry Res. 1986, 17: 41-7. 10.1016/0165-1781(86)90040-5.PubMedCrossRef
145.
Ohishi K, Ueno R, Nishino S: Increased level of salivary prostaglandins in patients with major depression. Biol Psychiatry. 1988, 23: 326-34. 10.1016/0006-3223(88)90283-1.PubMedCrossRef
146.
Nishino S, Ueno R, Ohishi K: Salivary prostaglandin concentrations: possible state indicators for major depression. Am J Psychiatry. 1989, 146: 365-8.PubMedCrossRef
147.
Roberts LJ, Sweetman BJ, Lewis RA: Increased production of prostaglandin D2 in patients with systemic mastocytosis. N Engl J Med. 1980, 303: 1400-4. 10.1056/NEJM198012113032405.PubMedCrossRef
148.
Forstermann U, Heldt R, Hertting G: Effects of intracerebroventricular administration of prostaglandin D2 on behaviour, blood pressure and body temperature as compared to prostaglandins E2 and F2 alpha. Psychopharmacology (Berl). 1983, 80: 365-70. 10.1007/BF00432122.CrossRef
149.
Ueno R, Ishikawa Y, Nakayama T, Hayaishi O: Prostaglandin D2 induces sleep when microinjected into the preoptic area of conscious rats. Biochem Biophys Res Commun. 1982, 109: 576-82. 10.1016/0006-291X(82)91760-0.PubMedCrossRef
150.
Coceani F: Prostaglandins and the central nervous system. Arch Intern Med. 1974, 133: 119-29. 10.1001/archinte.133.1.119.PubMedCrossRef
151.
Yirmiya R, Barak O, Avitsur R: Intracerebral administration of Mycoplasma fermentans produces sickness behavior: role of prostaglandins. Brain Res. 1997, 749: 71-81. 10.1016/S0006-8993(96)01295-4.PubMedCrossRef
152.
Houslay M, Shafer P, Zhang K: Phosphodiesterase-4 as a therapeutic target. Drug Discov Today. 2005, 10: 1503-19. 10.1016/S1359-6446(05)03622-6.PubMedCrossRef
153.
Mata M, Sarria B, Buenestado A: Phosphodiesterase 4 inhibition decreases MUC5AC expression induced by epidermal growth factor in human airway epithelial cells. Thorax. 2005, 60: 144-52. 10.1136/thx.2004.025692.PubMedCentralPubMedCrossRef
154.
Sanz MJ, Cortijo J, Morcillo EJ: PDE4 inhibitors as new anti-inflammatory drugs: effects on cell trafficking and cell adhesion molecules expression. Pharmacol Ther. 2005, 106: 269-97. 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2004.12.001.PubMedCrossRef
155.
Chang K: Phosphodiesterase inhibitors in airways disease. Eur J Pharmacol. 2006, 533: 110-7. 10.1016/j.ejphar.2005.12.059.CrossRef
156.
Manji HK, Drevets WC, Charney DS: The cellular neurobiology of depression. Nat Med. 2001, 7: 541-7. 10.1038/87865.PubMedCrossRef
157.
Cherry JA, Davis RL: Cyclic AMP phosphodiesterases are localized in regions of the mouse brain associated with reinforcement, movement, and affect. J Comp Neurol. 1999, 407: 287-301. 10.1002/(SICI)1096-9861(19990503)407:2<287::AID-CNE9>3.0.CO;2-R.PubMedCrossRef
158.
O'Donnell JM, Zhang HT: Antidepressant effects of inhibitors of cAMP phosphodiesterase (PDE4). Trends Pharmacol Sci. 2004, 25: 158-63. 10.1016/j.tips.2004.01.003.PubMedCrossRef
159.
Nakagawa S, Kim JE, Lee R: Regulation of neurogenesis in adult mouse hippocampus by cAMP and the cAMP response element-binding protein. J Neurosci. 2002, 22: 3673-82.PubMed
160.
Santarelli L, Saxe M, Gross C: Requirement of hippocampal neurogenesis for the behavioral effects of antidepressants. Science. 2003, 301: 805-9. 10.1126/science.1083328.PubMedCrossRef
161.
Zhang HT, Huang Y, Jin SL: Antidepressant-like profile and reduced sensitivity to rolipram in mice deficient in the PDE4D phosphodiesterase enzyme. Neuropsychopharmacology. 2002, 27: 587-95.PubMed
162.
Handsley MM, Edwards DR: Metalloproteinases and their inhibitors in tumor angiogenesis. Int J Cancer. 2005, 115: 849-60. 10.1002/ijc.20945.PubMedCrossRef
163.
Gueders MM, Foidart JM, Noel A, Cataldo DD: Matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) and tissue inhibitors of MMPs in the respiratory tract: potential implications in asthma and other lung diseases. Eur J Pharmacol. 2006, 533: 133-44. 10.1016/j.ejphar.2005.12.082.PubMedCrossRef
164.
Cataldo DD, Tournoy KG, Vermaelen K: Matrix metalloproteinase-9 deficiency impairs cellular infiltration and bronchial hyperresponsiveness during allergen-induced airway inflammation. Am J Pathol. 2002, 161: 491-8. 10.1016/S0002-9440(10)64205-8.PubMedCentralPubMedCrossRef
165.
Vermaelen KY, Cataldo D, Tournoy K: Matrix metalloproteinase-9-mediated dendritic cell recruitment into the airways is a critical step in a mouse model of asthma. J Immunol. 2003, 171: 1016-22.PubMedCrossRef
166.
Yong VW: Metalloproteinases: mediators of pathology and regeneration in the CNS. Nat Rev Neurosci. 2005, 6: 931-44. 10.1038/nrn1807.PubMedCrossRef
167.
Yong VW, Power C, Forsyth P, Edwards DR: Metalloproteinases in biology and pathology of the nervous system. Nat Rev Neurosci. 2001, 2: 502-11. 10.1038/35081571.PubMedCrossRef
168.
Yang EV, Bane CM, MacCallum RC: Stress-related modulation of matrix metalloproteinase expression. J Neuroimmunol. 2002, 133: 144-50. 10.1016/S0165-5728(02)00270-9.PubMedCrossRef
169.
Akdis CA, Simons FE: Histamine receptors are hot in immunopharmacology. Eur J Pharmacol. 2006, 533: 69-76. 10.1016/j.ejphar.2005.12.044.PubMedCrossRef
170.
Elenkov IJ, Chrousos GP: Stress hormones, Th1/Th2 patterns, pro/anti-inflammatory cytokines and susceptibility to disease. Trends Endocrinol Metab. 1999, 10: 359-68. 10.1016/S1043-2760(99)00188-5.PubMedCrossRef
171.
Baena-Cagnani CE, Berger WE, DuBuske LM: Comparative effects of desloratadine versus montelukast on asthma symptoms and use of beta 2-agonists in patients with seasonal allergic rhinitis and asthma. Int Arch Allergy Immunol. 2003, 130: 307-13. 10.1159/000070218.PubMedCrossRef
172.
173.
Warner JO: A double-blinded, randomized, placebo-controlled trial of cetirizine in preventing the onset of asthma in children with atopic dermatitis: 18 months' treatment and 18 months' posttreatment follow-up. J Allergy Clin Immunol. 2001, 108: 929-37. 10.1067/mai.2001.120015.PubMedCrossRef
174.
Ito C, Shen H, Toyota H: Effects of the acute and chronic restraint stresses on the central histaminergic neuron system of Fischer rat. Neurosci Lett. 1999, 262: 143-5. 10.1016/S0304-3940(99)00052-X.PubMedCrossRef
175.
Ito C: The role of brain histamine in acute and chronic stresses. Biomed Pharmacother. 2000, 54: 263-7. 10.1016/S0753-3322(00)80069-4.PubMedCrossRef
176.
177.
Russo C, Arcidiacono G, Polosa R: Adenosine receptors: promising targets for the development of novel therapeutics and diagnostics for asthma. Fundam Clin Pharmacol. 2006, 20: 9-19. 10.1111/j.1472-8206.2005.00388.x.PubMedCrossRef
178.
Cushley MJ, Tattersfield AE, Holgate ST: Inhaled adenosine and guanosine on airway resistance in normal and asthmatic subjects. Br J Clin Pharmacol. 1983, 15: 161-5.PubMedCentralPubMedCrossRef
179.
Huszar E, Vass G, Vizi E: Adenosine in exhaled breath condensate in healthy volunteers and in patients with asthma. Eur Respir J. 2002, 20: 1393-8. 10.1183/09031936.02.00005002.PubMedCrossRef
180.
Forsythe P, McGarvey LP, Heaney LG: Adenosine induces histamine release from human bronchoalveolar lavage mast cells. Clin Sci (Lond). 1999, 96: 349-55. 10.1042/CS19980228.CrossRef
181.
Porsolt RD, Bertin A, Jalfre M: Behavioral despair in mice: a primary screening test for antidepressants. Arch Int Pharmacodyn Ther. 1977, 229: 327-36.PubMed
182.
Woodson JC, Minor TR, Job RF: Inhibition of adenosine deaminase by erythro-9-(2-hydroxy-3-nonyl)adenine (EHNA) mimics the effect of inescapable shock on escape learning in rats. Behav Neurosci. 1998, 112: 399-409. 10.1037/0735-7044.112.2.399.PubMedCrossRef
183.
El Yacoubi M, Ledent C, Parmentier M: Adenosine A2A receptor antagonists are potential antidepressants: evidence based on pharmacology and A2A receptor knockout mice. Br J Pharmacol. 2001, 134: 68-77. 10.1038/sj.bjp.0704240.PubMedCrossRef
184.
El Yacoubi M, Costentin J, Vaugeois JM: Adenosine A2A receptors and depression. Neurology. 2003, 61: S82-7.PubMedCrossRef
185.
Akyol O, Zoroglu SS, Armutcu F: Nitric oxide as a physiopathological factor in neuropsychiatric disorders. In Vivo. 2004, 18: 377-90.PubMed
186.
Redington AE: Modulation of nitric oxide pathways: therapeutic potential in asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Eur J Pharmacol. 2006, 533: 263-76. 10.1016/j.ejphar.2005.12.069.PubMedCrossRef
187.
McLeod TM, Lopez-Figueroa AL, Lopez-Figueroa MO: Nitric oxide, stress, and depression. Psychopharmacol Bull. 2001, 35: 24-41.PubMed
188.
van Amsterdam JG, Opperhuizen A: Nitric oxide and biopterin in depression and stress. Psychiatry Res. 1999, 85: 33-8. 10.1016/S0165-1781(98)00140-1.PubMedCrossRef
189.
Bredt DS, Hwang PM, Snyder SH: Localization of nitric oxide synthase indicating a neural role for nitric oxide. Nature. 1990, 347: 768-70. 10.1038/347768a0.PubMedCrossRef
190.
Xu ZQ, Hokfelt T: Expression of galanin and nitric oxide synthase in subpopulations of serotonin neurons of the rat dorsal raphe nucleus. J Chem Neuroanat. 1997, 13: 169-87. 10.1016/S0891-0618(97)00043-4.PubMedCrossRef
191.
Groneberg DA, Quarcoo D, Frossard N, Fischer A: Neurogenic mechanisms in bronchial inflammatory diseases. Allergy. 2004, 59: 1139-52. 10.1111/j.1398-9995.2004.00665.x.PubMedCrossRef
192.
Fischer A, McGregor GP, Saria A: Induction of tachykinin gene and peptide expression in guinea pig nodose primary afferent neurons by allergic airway inflammation. J Clin Invest. 1996, 98: 2284-91. 10.1172/JCI119039.PubMedCentralPubMedCrossRef
193.
Komatsu T, Yamamoto M, Shimokata K, Nagura H: Distribution of substance P-immunoreactive and calcitonin gene-related peptide-immunoreactive nerves in normal human lungs. Int Arch Allergy Appl Immunol. 1991, 95: 23-8. 10.1159/000235449.PubMedCrossRef
194.
Crimi N, Oliveri R, Polosa R: Effect of oral terfenadine on bronchoconstrictor response to inhaled neurokinin A and histamine in asthmatic subjects. Eur Respir J. 1993, 6: 1462-7.PubMed
195.
Boichot E, Lagente V, Paubert-Braquet M, Frossard N: Inhaled substance P induces activation of alveolar macrophages and increases airway responses in the guinea-pig. Neuropeptides. 1993, 25: 307-13. 10.1016/0143-4179(93)90048-F.PubMedCrossRef
196.
Hokfelt T, Broberger C, Xu ZQ: Neuropeptides--an overview. Neuropharmacology. 2000, 39: 1337-56. 10.1016/S0028-3908(00)00010-1.PubMedCrossRef
197.
Kramer MS, Cutler N, Feighner J: Distinct mechanism for antidepressant activity by blockade of central substance P receptors. Science. 1998, 281: 1640-5. 10.1126/science.281.5383.1640.PubMedCrossRef
198.
Nemeroff CB, Mayberg HS, Krahl SE: VNS therapy in treatment-resistant depression: clinical evidence and putative neurobiological mechanisms. Neuropsychopharmacology. 2006, 31: 1345-55. 10.1038/sj.npp.1301082.PubMedCrossRef
199.
Galil N: Depression and asthma in children. Curr Opin Pediatr. 2000, 12: 331-5. 10.1097/00008480-200008000-00008.PubMedCrossRef
200.
Avni J, Bruderman I: The effect of amitriptyline on pulmonary ventilation and the mechanics of breathing. Psychopharmacologia. 1969, 14: 184-92. 10.1007/BF00404216.PubMedCrossRef
201.
Hofer MA: Cardiac and respiratory function during sudden prolonged immobility in wild rodents. Psychosom Med. 1970, 32: 633-47.PubMedCrossRef
202.
Miller BD, Strunk RC: Circumstances surrounding the deaths of children due to asthma. A case-control study. Am J Dis Child. 1989, 143: 1294-9.PubMedCrossRef
203.
Miller BD, Wood BL: Influence of specific emotional states on autonomic reactivity and pulmonary function in asthmatic children. J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry. 1997, 36: 669-77. 10.1097/00004583-199705000-00018.PubMedCrossRef
204.
Lewis MJ, Short AL, Lewis KE: Autonomic nervous system control of the cardiovascular and respiratory systems in asthma. Respir Med. 2006, 100: 1688-705. 10.1016/j.rmed.2006.01.019.PubMedCrossRef
205.
Kallenbach JM, Webster T, Dowdeswell R: Reflex heart rate control in asthma. Evidence of parasympathetic overactivity. Chest. 1985, 87: 644-8. 10.1378/chest.87.5.644.PubMedCrossRef
206.
Rechlin T, Weis M, Spitzer A, Kaschka WP: Are affective disorders associated with alterations of heart rate variability?. J Affect Disord. 1994, 32: 271-5. 10.1016/0165-0327(94)90091-4.PubMedCrossRef
207.
Dalack GW, Roose SP: Perspectives on the relationship between cardiovascular disease and affective disorder. J Clin Psychiatry. 1990, 51 (Suppl): 4-9.PubMed
208.
Yeragani VK, Pohl R, Balon R: Heart rate variability in patients with major depression. Psychiatry Res. 1991, 37: 35-46. 10.1016/0165-1781(91)90104-W.PubMedCrossRef
209.
Gehi A, Mangano D, Pipkin S: Depression and heart rate variability in patients with stable coronary heart disease: findings from the Heart and Soul Study. Arch Gen Psychiatry. 2005, 62: 661-6. 10.1001/archpsyc.62.6.661.PubMedCentralPubMedCrossRef
210.
Lotvall J, Lunde H, Augustinson LE: Airway effects of direct left-sided cervical vagal stimulation in patients with complex partial seizures. Epilepsy Res. 1994, 18: 149-54. 10.1016/0920-1211(94)90007-8.PubMedCrossRef
211.
Lechin F, Dijs van der B, Orozco B: Increased levels of free serotonin in plasma of symptomatic asthmatic patients. Ann Allergy Asthma Immunol. 1996, 77: 245-53. 10.1016/S1081-1206(10)63263-2.PubMedCrossRef
212.
Bayer H, Muller T, Myrtek D: Serotoninergic receptors on human airway epithelial cells. Am J Respir Cell Mol Biol. 2007, 36: 85-93. 10.1165/rcmb.2006-0151OC.PubMedCrossRef
213.
Young MR, Matthews JP: Serotonin regulation of T-cell subpopulations and of macrophage accessory function. Immunology. 1995, 84: 148-52.PubMedCentralPubMed
214.
Lechin F, van der DB, Orozco B: Neuropharmacologic treatment of bronchial asthma with the antidepressant tianeptine: a double-blind, crossover placebo-controlled study. Clin Pharmacol Ther. 1998, 64: 223-32. 10.1016/S0009-9236(98)90156-4.PubMedCrossRef
215.
Patten SB, Lavorato DH: Medication use and major depressive syndrome in a community population. Compr Psychiatry. 2001, 42: 124-31. 10.1053/comp.2001.21218.PubMedCrossRef
216.
Patten SB: Exogenous corticosteroids and major depression in the general population. J Psychosom Res. 2000, 49: 447-9. 10.1016/S0022-3999(00)00187-2.PubMedCrossRef
217.
Liu LY, Coe CL, Swenson CA: School examinations enhance airway inflammation to antigen challenge. Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 2002, 165: 1062-7.PubMedCrossRef
218.
Hoglund CO, Axen J, Kemi C: Changes in immune regulation in response to examination stress in atopic and healthy individuals. Clin Exp Allergy. 2006, 36: 982-92. 10.1111/j.1365-2222.2006.02529.x.PubMedCrossRef
219.
Leigh R, MacQueen G, Tougas G: Change in forced expiratory volume in 1 second after sham bronchoconstrictor in suggestible but not suggestion-resistant asthmatic subjects: a pilot study. Psychosom Med. 2003, 65: 791-5. 10.1097/01.PSY.0000079454.48714.1B.PubMedCrossRef
220.
Rosenkranz MA, Busse WW, Johnstone T: Neural circuitry underlying the interaction between emotion and asthma symptom exacerbation. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA. 2005, 102: 13319-24. 10.1073/pnas.0504365102.PubMedCentralPubMedCrossRef
221.
Devinsky O, Morrell MJ, Vogt BA: Contributions of anterior cingulate cortex to behaviour. Brain. 1995, 118 (Pt 1): 279-306. 10.1093/brain/118.1.279.PubMedCrossRef
222.
Capuron L, Pagnoni G, Demetrashvili M: Anterior cingulate activation and error processing during interferon-alpha treatment. Biol Psychiatry. 2005, 58: 190-6. 10.1016/j.biopsych.2005.03.033.PubMedCentralPubMedCrossRef
223.
Critchley HD, Mathias CJ, Josephs O: Human cingulate cortex and autonomic control: converging neuroimaging and clinical evidence. Brain. 2003, 126: 2139-52. 10.1093/brain/awg216.PubMedCrossRef
Metadata
Title
Psychological Factors in Asthma
Authors
Ryan J Van Lieshout
Glenda MacQueen
Publication date
01-03-2008
Publisher
BioMed Central
Published in
Allergy, Asthma & Clinical Immunology / Issue 1/2008
Electronic ISSN: 1710-1492
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1186/1710-1492-4-1-12

Other articles of this Issue 1/2008

Allergy, Asthma & Clinical Immunology 1/2008 Go to the issue

Editorial

The Mind-Body of Allergic Diseases

Research

Epigenetics, Behaviour, and Health

Research

Stress and Childhood Asthma Risk: Overlapping Evidence from Animal Studies and Epidemiologic Research

Research

Enhancing versus Suppressive Effects of Stress on Immune Function: Implications for Immunoprotection versus Immunopathology