Skip to main content
Key Specialties
Cardiology Diabetology Endocrinology Gastroenterology Geriatrics and Gerontology Gynecology and Obstetrics Hematology Infectious Disease Internal Medicine Nephrology Neurology Oncology Pediatrics Respiratory Medicine Rheumatology Surgery
Congress Coverage
2024 ACC Congress 2023 ESMO Congress 2023 EASD Congress 2023 ERS Congress 2023 ESC Congress
Clinical Collections
Advances in Alzheimer’s

Keynote webinar | Spotlight on medication adherence

LIVE: Thursday 27th June 2024, 18:00-19:30 (CEST)
Join our expert panel to discover why you need to understand the drivers of non-adherence in your patients, and how you can optimize medication adherence in your clinics to drastically improve patient outcomes.
ADVANCED SEARCH
Log in
Top
Health and Quality of Life Outcomes
Published in: Health and Quality of Life Outcomes 1/2011

Open Access 01-12-2011 | Research

Impact of childhood trauma on functionality and quality of life in HIV-infected women

Authors: Zyrhea CE Troeman, Georgina Spies, Mariana Cherner, Sarah L Archibald, Christine Fennema-Notestine, Rebecca J Theilmann, Bruce Spottiswoode, Dan J Stein, Soraya Seedat

Published in: Health and Quality of Life Outcomes | Issue 1/2011

Login to get access

Abstract

Background

While there are many published studies on HIV and functional limitations, there are few in the context of early abuse and its impact on functionality and Quality of Life (QoL) in HIV.

Methods

The present study focused on HIV in the context of childhood trauma and its impact on functionality and Quality of Life (QoL) by evaluating 85 HIV-positive (48 with childhood trauma and 37 without) and 52 HIV-negative (21 with childhood trauma and 31 without) South African women infected with Clade C HIV. QoL was assessed using the Quality of Life Enjoyment and Satisfaction Questionnaire (Q-LES-Q), the Patient's Assessment of Own Functioning Inventory (PAOFI), the Activities of Daily Living (ADL) scale and the Sheehan Disability Scale (SDS). Furthermore, participants were assessed using the Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale (CES-D) and the Childhood Trauma Questionnaire (CTQ).

Results

Subjects had a mean age of 30.1 years. After controlling for age, level of education and CES-D scores, analysis of covariance (ANCOVA) demonstrated significant individual effects of HIV status and childhood trauma on self-reported QoL. No significant interactional effects were evident. Functional limitation was, however, negatively correlated with CD4 lymphocyte count.

Conclusions

In assessing QoL in HIV-infected women, we were able to demonstrate the impact of childhood trauma on functional limitations in HIV.
Literature
1.
Abdool Karim SS, Abdool Karim Q, Gouws E, Baxter E: Global epidemiology of HIV-AIDS. Infect Dis Clin North Am 2007, 21: 1–17. 10.1016/j.idc.2007.01.010PubMedCrossRef
2.
Harrison D: An overview of Health and Health care in South Africa 1994–2010: Priorities, Progress and Prospects for New Gains. 2009.
3.
UNAIDS: Epidemiological Fact Sheet on HIV and AIDS. Core data on epidemiology and response, South Africa; 2008.
4.
Department of Health: HIV/AIDS and STI strategic plan for South Africa. 2007.
5.
Andersson N, Cockcroft A, Shea B: Gender-based violence and HIV: relevance for HIV prevention in hyperendemic countries of southern Africa. AIDS 2008, 22: 73–86. 10.1097/01.aids.0000341778.73038.86CrossRef
6.
Jewkes R, Penn-Kekana L, Levin J, Ratsaka M, Schrieber M: Prevalence of emotional, physical and sexual abuse of women in three South African provinces. SAMJ 2001, 91: 421–428.PubMed
7.
Kalichman SC, Simbayi LC: Sexual assault history and risks for sexually transmitted infections among women in an African township in Cape Town, South Africa. AIDS Care 2004, 16: 681–689. 10.1080/09540120410331269530PubMedCrossRef
8.
Wyatt GE, Myers HF, Loeb TB: Women, Trauma, and HIV: an overview. AIDS Behav 2004, 8: 401–403. 10.1007/s10461-004-7324-3PubMedCrossRef
9.
Walton G, Co SJ, Milloy MJ, Qi J, Kerr T, Wood E: High prevalence of childhood emotional, physical and sexual trauma among a Canadian cohort of HIV-seropositive illicit drug users. AIDS Care 2011., 9: 10.1080/09540121.2010.525618.
10.
Dunkle KL, Jewkes RK, Brown HC, Yoshihama M, Gray GE, McIntyre JA, Harlow SD: Prevalence and Patterns of Gender-based Violence and Revictimization among Women Attending Antenatal Clinics in Soweto, South Africa. Am J Epidemiol 2004, 160: 230–239. 10.1093/aje/kwh194PubMedCrossRef
11.
Jewkes R, Levin J, Mbananga N, Bradshaw D: Rape of girls in South Africa. Lancet 2002, 359: 319–320. 10.1016/S0140-6736(02)07530-XPubMedCrossRef
12.
Jewkes RK, Dunkle K, Nduna M, Jama PN, Puren A: Associations between childhood adversity and depression, substance abuse and HIV and HSV2 incident infections in rural South African youth. Child Abuse Negl 2010, 34: 833–841. 10.1016/j.chiabu.2010.05.002PubMedCentralPubMedCrossRef
13.
Last JM: A dictionary of epidemiology. New York: Oxford University Press; 2001.
14.
Cleary PD, Fowler FJ Jr, Weissman J, Massagli MP, Wilson I, Seage GR, Gatsonis C, Epstein A: Health-related quality of life in persons with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome. Med Care 1993, 31: 560–580.CrossRef
15.
Hays R, Shapiro M: An overview of generic health-related quality of life measures of HIV research. Qual Life Res 1992, 1: 91–97. 10.1007/BF00439716PubMedCrossRef
16.
Wu AW, Rubin HR, Matthews WC, Ware JE Jr, Brysk LT, Hardy WD, Bozzette SA, Spector SA, Richman DD: A health status questionnaire using 30 items from the medical outcomes study. Med Care 1991, 29: 786–795. 10.1097/00005650-199108000-00011PubMedCrossRef
17.
Fantoni M, Ricci F, Del Borgo C, Izzi I, Damiano F, Moscati AM, Marasca G, Bevilacqua N, Del forno A: Multicentre study on the prevalence of symptoms and symptomatic treatment in HIV infection. J Palliat Care 1997, 13: 9–13.PubMed
18.
Hudson AL, Kirksey K, Holzemer WL: The influence of symptoms on quality of life among HIV-infected women. West J Nurs Res 2004, 26: 9–23. 10.1177/0193945903259221PubMedCrossRef
19.
Mathews WC, McCutchan JA, Asch S, Turner BJ, Gifford AL, Kuromiya K, Brown J, Shapiro MF, Bozzette SA: National estimates of HIV-related symptom prevalence for the HIV Cost and Services Utilization study. Med Care 2000, 38: 750–762. 10.1097/00005650-200007000-00007PubMedCrossRef
20.
Tsai YF, Hsiung PC, Holzemer WL: Validation of a Chinese version of the sign and symptom checklist for persons with HIV disease. J Pain Symptom Manage 2003, 25: 363–368. 10.1016/S0885-3924(02)00687-5PubMedCrossRef
21.
Martinez A, Isrealski D, Walker C, Koopman C: Post-traumatic stress disorder in women attending human immune-deficiency virus outpatient clinics. AIDS patient care STDs 2002, 16: 283–291. 10.1089/10872910260066714PubMedCrossRef
22.
Ickovics JR, Hamburger ME, Vlahov D, Schoenbaum EE, Schuman P, Boland RJ, Moore J: Mortality, CD4 cell count decline, and depressive symptoms among HIV seropositive women: Longitudinal analysis from the HIV Epidemiology Research Study. JAMA 2001, 285: 1466–1474. 10.1001/jama.285.11.1466PubMedCrossRef
23.
Kemppainen JK, Holzemer WL, Nokes K, Eller LS, Corless IB, Bunch EH: Self-care management of anxiety and fear in HIV disease. J Assoc Nurses AIDS Care 2003, 14: 21–29.PubMedCrossRef
24.
Neidig JL, Smith BA, Brashers DE: Aerobic exercise training for depressive symptom management in adults living with HIV infection. J Assoc Nurses AIDS Care 2003, 14: 30–40. 10.1177/1055329002250992PubMedCrossRef
25.
Leserman J, Jackson ED, Petitto JM, Golden RN, Silva SG, Perkins DO, Cai J, Folds JD, Evans DL: Progression to AIDS: the effects of stress, depressive symptoms, and social support. Psychosom Med 1999, 61: 397–406.PubMedCrossRef
26.
Stutterheim SE, Pryor JB, Bos AE, Hoogendijk R, Muris P, Schaalma HP: HIV- related stigma and psychological distress: the harmful effects of specific stigma manifestations in various social settings. AIDS 2009, 23: 2353–2357. 10.1097/QAD.0b013e3283320dcePubMedCrossRef
27.
Peltzer K, Phaswana-Mafuya N: The symptom experience of people living with HIV and AIDS in the Eastern Cape, South Africa. BMC Health Serv Res 2008, 8: 1–8. 10.1186/1472-6963-8-1CrossRef
28.
Sowell RL, Seals BF, Moneyham L, Demi A, Cohen L, Brake S: Quality of life in HIV-infected women in the south-eastern United States. AIDS Care 2007, 9: 501–512.CrossRef
29.
Atkins JH, Rubenstein SL, Sota TL, Rueda S, Fenta H, Bacon J, Rourke SB: Impact of social support on cognitive symptom burden in HIV/AIDS. AIDS Care 2010, 22: 793–802. 10.1080/09540120903482994PubMedCrossRef
30.
Gielen AC, McDonnell KA, Wu AW, O'Campo P, Faden R: Quality of life among women living with HIV: the importance violence, social support, and self care behaviors. Soc Sci Med 2001, 52: 315–322. 10.1016/S0277-9536(00)00135-0PubMedCrossRef
31.
Cederfjall C, Langius-Eklof A, Lidman K, Wredling R: Gender differences in perceived health-related quality of life among patients with HIV infections. AIDS Patient Care STDs 2001, 11: 283–291.
32.
Holmes WC, Shea JA: Performance of a new, HIV/AIDS-targeted quality of life (HAT-QoL) instrument in asymptomatic seropositive individuals. Qual Life Res 1997, 6: 561–571. 10.1023/A:1018464200708PubMedCrossRef
33.
Mrus JM, Williams P, Tsevat J, Cohn SE, Wu AW: Gender differences in health-related quality of life in patients with HIV/AIDS. Qual Life Res 2005, 14: 479–491. 10.1007/s11136-004-4693-zPubMedCrossRef
34.
Chandra PS, Satyanarayana VA, Satishchandra P, Satish KS, Kumar M: Do Men and Women with HIV Differ in Their Quality of Life? A study from South India. AIDS and Behav 2008, 13: 110–117.CrossRef
35.
Linzer M, Spitzer R, Kroenke K, Williams JB, Hahn S, Brody D, deGruy F: Gender, quality of life, and mental disorders in primary care: results from the PRIME-MD 1000 study. Am J Med 1996, 101: 526–533. 10.1016/S0002-9343(96)00275-6PubMedCrossRef
36.
Anastos K, Gange SJ, Lau B, Weiser B, Detels R, Giorgi JV, Margolick JB, Cohen M, Phair J, Melnick S, Rinaldo CR, Kovacs A, Levine A, Landesman S, Young M, Muňoz A, Greenblatt RM: Association of Race and Gender with HIV-1 RNA Levels and Immunologic Progression. J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr 2000, 24: 218–226.PubMedCrossRef
37.
Jones DJ, Beach SR, Forehand R, Foster SE: Self-reported health in HIV-positive African American women: the role of family stress and depressive symptoms. J Behav Med 2003, 26: 577–599. 10.1023/A:1026205919801PubMedCrossRef
38.
Kimerling R, Armistead L, Forehand R: Victimization experiences and HIV infection in women: associations with serostatus, psychological symptoms, and health status. J Trauma Stress 1999, 12: 41–58. 10.1023/A:1024790131267PubMedCrossRef
39.
Simoni JM, Ng MT: Abuse, health locus of control, and perceived health among HIV-positive women. Health Psychol 2002, 21: 89–93.PubMedCrossRef
40.
Jewkes RK, Nduna M, Levin JB, Jama PN, Khuzwayo N, Duvvury N, Koss MP: The impact of childhood trauma on HIV risk behaviors of young women in South Africa. In proceedings of the 15th International Conference on AIDS. Thailand; 2004.
41.
Wyatt GE, Myes HF, Williams JK, Kitchen CR, Loeb T, Carmona JV, Wyatt LE, Chin D, Presley N: Does History of Trauma Contribute to HIV Risk for Women of Color? Implications for Prevention and Policy. Am J Public Health 2002, 92: 660–666. 10.2105/AJPH.92.4.660PubMedCentralPubMedCrossRef
42.
Johnsen LW, Harlow LL: Childhood sexual abuse linked with adult substance use, victimization, and AIDS risk. AIDS Educ Prev 1996, 8: 44–57.PubMed
43.
Lechner ME, Vogel ME, Garcia-Shelton LM, Leichter JL, Steibel KR: Self-reported medical problems of adult female survivors of childhood sexual abuse. J Fam Pract 1993, 36: 633–638.PubMed
44.
Lodico MA, DiClemente RJ: The association between childhood sexual abuse and prevalence of HIV-related risk behaviors. Clin Pediatr (Phila) 1994, 33: 98–502.CrossRef
45.
Thompson NJ, Potter JS, Sanderson CA, Maibach EW: The reliability of sexual abuse and HIV risk behaviors among heterosexual adult female STD patients. Child Abuse Negl 1997, 21: 149–156. 10.1016/S0145-2134(96)00140-8PubMedCrossRef
46.
Zierler S, Feingold L, Laufer D, Velentgas P, Kantrowitz-Gordon I, Mayer K: Adult survivors of childhood sexual abuse and subsequent risk of HIV infection. Am J Public Health 1991, 81: 572–575. 10.2105/AJPH.81.5.572PubMedCentralPubMedCrossRef
47.
MacMillan HL, Fleming JE, Streiner DL, Lin E, Boyle MH, Jamieson E, Duku EK, Walsh CA, Wong MY, Beardslee WR: Childhood abuse and lifetime psychopathology in a community sample. Am J Psychiatry 2001, 158: 1878–1883. 10.1176/appi.ajp.158.11.1878PubMedCrossRef
48.
Kaufman J, Plotsky PM, Nemeroff CB, Charney DS: Effects of early adverse experiences on brain structure and function: clinical implications. Biological Psychiatry 2000, 8: 778–790.CrossRef
49.
Saunders JB, Aasland OG, Babor TF, de la Fuente JR, Grant M: Development of the Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test (AUDIT): WHO Collaborative Project on Early Detection of Persons with Harmful Alcohol Consumption--II. Addiction 1993, 88: 791–804. 10.1111/j.1360-0443.1993.tb02093.xPubMedCrossRef
50.
Sheehan DV, Lecrubier Y, Sheehan KH, Amorim P, Janavs J, Weiller E, Hergueta T, Baker R, Dunbar GC: The MINI-International Neuropsychiatric Interview (M.I.N.I.): The development and validation of a structured diagnostic psychiatric interview for DSM-IV and ICD-10. J Clin Psychiatry 1998, 59: 22–33.PubMed
51.
Radloff LS: The CES-D scale: A self-report depression scale for research in the general population. Appl Psychol Meas 1977, 1: 385–401. 10.1177/014662167700100306CrossRef
52.
Bernstein DP, Fink L: Childhood Trauma Questionnaire: A retrospective self-report manual. San Antonio, TX: The psychological Corporation; 1998.
53.
Endicott J, Nee J, Harrison W, Blumenthal R: Quality of Life Enjoyment and Satisfaction Questionnaire: A new measure. Psychopharmacol Bull 1993, 29: 321–326.PubMed
54.
Michalak EE, Yatham LL, Lam RW: Quality of life in bipolar disorder: A review of the literature. Health Qual Life Outcomes 2005, 3: 1–17. 10.1186/1477-7525-3-1CrossRef
55.
Sheehan DV: The anxiety disease. New York: Scribners; 1993.
56.
Chelune GJ, Heaton RK, Lehman RAW: Neuropsychological and personality correlated of patient's complaints of disability. New York: Plenum Press; 1986.
57.
Heaton RK, Marcotte TD, Mindt MR, Sadek J, Moore DJ, Bentley H, McCutchan JA, Reicks C, Grant I, HNRC Group: The inmpact of HIV-associated neuropsychological impairment on everyday functioning. J Int Neuropsychol Soc 2004, 10: 317–331.PubMedCrossRef
58.
O'Keefe EA, Wood R: The impact of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection on quality of life in a multiracial South African population. Qual Life Res 1996, 5: 275–80. 10.1007/BF00434749PubMedCrossRef
59.
Cohen M, Deamant C, Barkan S, Richardson J, Young M, Holman S, Anastos K, Cohen J, Melnick S: Domestic violence and childhood sexual abuse in HIV-infected women and women at risk for HIV. Am J Public Health 2000, 90: 560–565. 10.2105/AJPH.90.4.560PubMedCentralPubMedCrossRef
60.
Lindegren ML, Hanson IC, Hammett TA, Beil J, Fleming PL, Ward JW: Sexual abuse of children: intersection with the HIV epidemic. Pediatrics 1998, 102: 1–10. 10.1542/peds.102.1.1CrossRef
61.
Andersson N, Cockcroft A, Shea B: Gender-based violence and HIV: relevance for HIV prevention in hyperendemic countries of southern Africa. AIDS 2008, 4: 73–86.CrossRef
62.
Arriola KR, Louden T, Doldren MA, Fortenberry RM: A meta-analysis of the relationship of child sexual abuse to HIV risk behavior among women. Child Abuse Negl 2005, 29: 725–746. 10.1016/j.chiabu.2004.10.014PubMedCrossRef
63.
Heim C, Newport DJ, Mletzko T, Miller AH, Nemeroff CB: The link between childhood trauma and depression: insights from HPA axis studies in humans. Psychoneuroendocrinology 2008, 33: 693–710. 10.1016/j.psyneuen.2008.03.008PubMedCrossRef
64.
Cruess DG, Petitto JM, Leserman J, Douglas SD, Gettes DR, Ten Have TR, Evans DL: Depression and HIV infection: impact on immune function and disease progression. CNS Spectr 2003, 8: 52–58.PubMed
65.
Pachankis JE: The psychological implications of conceiling a stigma: A cognitive-affective- behavioral model. Psychol bull 2007, 133: 328–345.PubMedCrossRef
66.
Bos AE, Schaalma HP, Pryor JB: Reducing AIDS-related stigma in developing countries: The importance of theory-and evidence-based interventions. Psychol, Health Med 2008, 13: 450–460. 10.1080/13548500701687171CrossRef
67.
Gielen AC, McDonnell KA, Wu AW, O'Campo P, Faden R: Quality of life among women living with HIV: the importance violence, social support, and self care behaviors. Soc Sci Med 2001, 52: 315–22. 10.1016/S0277-9536(00)00135-0PubMedCrossRef
68.
Tarakeshwar N, Fox A, Ferro C, Khawaja S, Kochman A, Sikkema K: The Connections between Childhood Sexual Abuse and Human Immunodeficiency Virus Infection: Implications for Interventions. J Community Psychol 2005, 33: 655–672. 10.1002/jcop.20077CrossRef
69.
Sikkema KJ, Hansen NB, Kochman A, Tarakeshwar N, Neufeld S, Meade CS, Fox AM: Outcomes from a group intervention for coping with HIV/AIDS and childhood sexual abuse: reductions in traumatic stress. AIDS Behav 2007, 11: 49–60. 10.1007/s10461-006-9149-8PubMedCrossRef
70.
Persons E, Kershaw T, Sikkema KJ, Hansen NB: The Impact of Shame on Health-Related Quality of Life Among HIV-Positive Adults with a History of Childhood Sexual Abuse. AIDS Patient Care and STDs 2010, 24: 571–580. 10.1089/apc.2009.0209PubMedCentralPubMedCrossRef
71.
Kang SY, Goldstein MF, Deren S: Gender differences in health status and care among HIV-infected minority drug users. AIDS Care 2008, 20: 1146–1151. 10.1080/09540120701842746PubMedCrossRef
72.
Miller CM, Kethapile M, Rybasack-Smith H, Rosen S: Why are antiretroviral treatment patients lost to follow-up? A qualitative study from South Africa. Trop Med Int Health 2010, 15: 48–54.PubMedCentralPubMedCrossRef
73.
Robberstad B, Olsen JA: The health related quality of life of people living with HIV/AIDS in sub-Saharan Africa - a literature review and focus group study. Cost eff Resour Alloc 2010, 8: 1–11. 10.1186/1478-7547-8-1CrossRef
Metadata
Title
Impact of childhood trauma on functionality and quality of life in HIV-infected women
Authors
Zyrhea CE Troeman
Georgina Spies
Mariana Cherner
Sarah L Archibald
Christine Fennema-Notestine
Rebecca J Theilmann
Bruce Spottiswoode
Dan J Stein
Soraya Seedat
Publication date
01-12-2011
Publisher
BioMed Central
Published in
Health and Quality of Life Outcomes / Issue 1/2011
Electronic ISSN: 1477-7525
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1186/1477-7525-9-84

Other articles of this Issue 1/2011

Health and Quality of Life Outcomes 1/2011 Go to the issue

Research

Identification of clinically significant psychological distress and psychiatric morbidity by examining quality of life in subjects with occupational asthma

Research

Disability in activities of daily living, depression, and quality of life among older medical ICU survivors: a prospective cohort study

Research

Quality of life among patients undergoing bariatric surgery: associations with mental health- A 1 year follow-up study of bariatric surgery patients

Research

Reliability and validity of Thai versions of the MOS-HIV and SF-12 quality of life questionnaires in people living with HIV/AIDS

Research

The positive mental health instrument: development and validation of a culturally relevant scale in a multi-ethnic asian population

Research

A comparison of conventional and retrospective measures of change in symptoms after elective surgery