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BMC Pulmonary Medicine
Published in: BMC Pulmonary Medicine 1/2014

Open Access 01-12-2014 | Research article

Distinct compartmentalization of SP-A and SP-D in the vasculature and lungs of patients with idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis

Authors: Hirotaka Nishikiori, Hirofumi Chiba, Shigeru Ariki, Koji Kuronuma, Mitsuo Otsuka, Masanori Shiratori, Kimiyuki Ikeda, Atsushi Watanabe, Yoshio Kuroki, Hiroki Takahashi

Published in: BMC Pulmonary Medicine | Issue 1/2014

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Abstract

Background

Surfactant proteins SP-A and SP-D are useful biomarkers in diagnosis, monitoring, and prognosis of idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF). Despite their high structural homology, their serum concentrations often vary in IPF patients. This retrospective study aimed to investigate distinct compartmentalization of SP-A and SP-D in the vasculature and lungs by bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF)/serum analysis, hydrophilicity and immunohistochemistry.

Methods

We included 36 IPF patients, 18 sarcoidosis (SAR) patients and 20 healthy subjects. Low-speed centrifugal supernatants of BALF (Sup-1) were obtained from each subject. Sera were also collected from each patient. Furthermore, we separated Sup-1 of IPF patients into hydrophilic supernatant (Sup-2) and hydrophobic precipitate (Ppt) by high-speed centrifugation. We measured SP-A and SP-D levels of each sample with the sandwich ELISA technique. We analyzed the change of the BALF/serum level ratios of the two proteins in IPF patients and their hydrophilicity in BALF. The distribution in the IPF lungs was also examined by immunohistochemical staining.

Results

In BALF, SP-A levels were comparable between the groups; however, SP-D levels were significantly lower in IPF patients than in others. Although IPF reduced the BALF/serum level ratios of the two proteins, the change in concentration of SP-D was more evident than SP-A. This suggests a higher disease impact for SP-D. Regarding hydrophilicity, although more than half of the SP-D remained in hydrophilic fractions (Sup-2), almost all of the SP-A sedimented in the Ppt with phospholipids. Hydrophilicity suggests that SP-D migrates into the blood more easily than SP-A in IPF lungs. Immunohistochemistry revealed that SP-A was confined to thick mucus-filling alveolar space, whereas SP-D was often intravascular. This data also suggests that SP-D easily leaks into the bloodstream, whereas SP-A remains bound to surfactant lipids in the alveolar space.

Conclusions

The current study investigated distinct compartmentalization of SP-A and SP-D in the vasculature and lungs. Our results suggest that serum levels of SP-D could reflect pathological changes of the IPF lungs more incisively than those of SP-A.
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Metadata
Title
Distinct compartmentalization of SP-A and SP-D in the vasculature and lungs of patients with idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis
Authors
Hirotaka Nishikiori
Hirofumi Chiba
Shigeru Ariki
Koji Kuronuma
Mitsuo Otsuka
Masanori Shiratori
Kimiyuki Ikeda
Atsushi Watanabe
Yoshio Kuroki
Hiroki Takahashi
Publication date
01-12-2014
Publisher
BioMed Central
Published in
BMC Pulmonary Medicine / Issue 1/2014
Electronic ISSN: 1471-2466
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1186/1471-2466-14-196

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