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Open Access 01-12-2012 | Debate

Amphetamine-induced psychosis - a separate diagnostic entity or primary psychosis triggered in the vulnerable?

Authors: Jørgen G Bramness, Øystein Hoel Gundersen, Joar Guterstam, Eline Borger Rognli, Maija Konstenius, Else-Marie Løberg, Sigrid Medhus, Lars Tanum, Johan Franck

Published in: BMC Psychiatry | Issue 1/2012

Abstract

Use of amphetamine and methamphetamine is widespread in the general population and common among patients with psychiatric disorders. Amphetamines may induce symptoms of psychosis very similar to those of acute schizophrenia spectrum psychosis. This has been an argument for using amphetamine-induced psychosis as a model for primary psychotic disorders. To distinguish the two types of psychosis on the basis of acute symptoms is difficult. However, acute psychosis induced by amphetamines seems to have a faster recovery and appears to resolve more completely compared to schizophrenic psychosis. The increased vulnerability for acute amphetamine induced psychosis seen among those with schizophrenia, schizotypal personality and, to a certain degree other psychiatric disorders, is also shared by non-psychiatric individuals who previously have experienced amphetamine-induced psychosis. Schizophrenia spectrum disorder and amphetamine-induced psychosis are further linked together by the finding of several susceptibility genes common to both conditions. These genes probably lower the threshold for becoming psychotic and increase the risk for a poorer clinical course of the disease.

The complex relationship between amphetamine use and psychosis has received much attention but is still not adequately explored. Our paper reviews the literature in this field and proposes a stress-vulnerability model for understanding the relationship between amphetamine use and psychosis.

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The pre-publication history for this paper can be accessed here:http://www.biomedcentral.com/1471-244X/12/221/prepub

Title: Amphetamine-induced psychosis - a separate diagnostic entity or primary psychosis triggered in the vulnerable?
Authors: Jørgen G Bramness
Øystein Hoel Gundersen
Joar Guterstam
Eline Borger Rognli
Maija Konstenius
Else-Marie Løberg
Sigrid Medhus
Lars Tanum
Johan Franck
Publication date: 01-12-2012
Publisher: BioMed Central
Published in: BMC Psychiatry / Issue 1/2012
Electronic ISSN: 1471-244X
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1186/1471-244X-12-221

Keynote webinar | Spotlight on medication adherence

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Amphetamine-induced psychosis - a separate diagnostic entity or primary psychosis triggered in the vulnerable?

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Keynote webinar | Spotlight on medication adherence

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