Skip to main content
Key Specialties
Cardiology Diabetology Endocrinology Gastroenterology Geriatrics and Gerontology Gynecology and Obstetrics Hematology Infectious Disease Internal Medicine Nephrology Neurology Oncology Pediatrics Respiratory Medicine Rheumatology Surgery
Congress Coverage
2024 ACC Congress 2023 ESMO Congress 2023 EASD Congress 2023 ERS Congress 2023 ESC Congress
Clinical Collections
Advances in Alzheimer’s

Keynote webinar | Spotlight on medication adherence

LIVE: Thursday 27th June 2024, 18:00-19:30 (CEST)
Join our expert panel to discover why you need to understand the drivers of non-adherence in your patients, and how you can optimize medication adherence in your clinics to drastically improve patient outcomes.
ADVANCED SEARCH
Log in
Top
BMC Cancer
Published in: BMC Cancer 1/2006

Open Access 01-12-2006 | Research article

SNP-SNP interactions in breast cancer susceptibility

Authors: Venüs Ümmiye Onay, Laurent Briollais, Julia A Knight, Ellen Shi, Yuanyuan Wang, Sean Wells, Hong Li, Isaac Rajendram, Irene L Andrulis, Hilmi Ozcelik

Published in: BMC Cancer | Issue 1/2006

Login to get access

Abstract

Background

Breast cancer predisposition genes identified to date (e.g., BRCA1 and BRCA2) are responsible for less than 5% of all breast cancer cases. Many studies have shown that the cancer risks associated with individual commonly occurring single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) are incremental. However, polygenic models suggest that multiple commonly occurring low to modestly penetrant SNPs of cancer related genes might have a greater effect on a disease when considered in combination.

Methods

In an attempt to identify the breast cancer risk conferred by SNP interactions, we have studied 19 SNPs from genes involved in major cancer related pathways. All SNPs were genotyped by TaqMan 5'nuclease assay. The association between the case-control status and each individual SNP, measured by the odds ratio and its corresponding 95% confidence interval, was estimated using unconditional logistic regression models. At the second stage, two-way interactions were investigated using multivariate logistic models. The robustness of the interactions, which were observed among SNPs with stronger functional evidence, was assessed using a bootstrap approach, and correction for multiple testing based on the false discovery rate (FDR) principle.

Results

None of these SNPs contributed to breast cancer risk individually. However, we have demonstrated evidence for gene-gene (SNP-SNP) interaction among these SNPs, which were associated with increased breast cancer risk. Our study suggests cross talk between the SNPs of the DNA repair and immune system (XPD-[Lys751Gln] and IL10-[G(-1082)A]), cell cycle and estrogen metabolism (CCND1-[Pro241Pro] and COMT-[Met108/158Val]), cell cycle and DNA repair (BARD1-[Pro24Ser] and XPD-[Lys751Gln]), and within carcinogen metabolism (GSTP1-[Ile105Val] and COMT-[Met108/158Val]) pathways.

Conclusion

The importance of these pathways and their communication in breast cancer predisposition has been emphasized previously, but their biological interactions through SNPs have not been described. The strategy used here has the potential to identify complex biological links among breast cancer genes and processes. This will provide novel biological information, which will ultimately improve breast cancer risk management.
Appendix
Available only for authorised users
Literature
1.
Miki Y, Swensen J, Shattuck-Eidens D, Futreal PA, Harshman K, Tavtigian S, Liu Q, Cochran C, Bennett LM, Ding W: A strong candidate for the breast and ovarian cancer susceptibility gene BRCA1. Science. 1994, 266: 66-71.CrossRefPubMed
2.
Wooster R, Bignell G, Lancaster J, Swift S, Seal S, Mangion J, Collins N, Gregory S, Gumbs C, Micklem G: Identification of the breast cancer susceptibility gene BRCA2. Nature. 1995, 378: 789-792. 10.1038/378789a0.CrossRefPubMed
3.
Nelson HD, Huffman LH, Fu R, Harris EL: Genetic risk assessment and BRCA mutation testing for breast and ovarian cancer susceptibility: systematic evidence review for the U.S. Preventive Services Task Force. Ann Intern Med. 2005, 143: 362-379.CrossRefPubMed
4.
Mitrunen K, Hirvonen A: Molecular epidemiology of sporadic breast cancer. The role of polymorphic genes involved in oestrogen biosynthesis and metabolism. Mutat Res. 2003, 544: 9-41. 10.1016/S1383-5742(03)00016-4.CrossRefPubMed
5.
Goode EL, Ulrich CM, Potter JD: Polymorphisms in DNA repair genes and associations with cancer risk. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev. 2002, 11: 1513-1530.PubMed
6.
Kang D: Genetic polymorphisms and cancer susceptibility of breast cancer in Korean women. J Biochem Mol Biol. 2003, 36: 28-34.CrossRefPubMed
7.
Collins FS, Guyer MS, Charkravarti A: Variations on a theme: cataloging human DNA sequence variation. Science. 1997, 278: 1580-1581. 10.1126/science.278.5343.1580.CrossRefPubMed
8.
9.
Mehrian-Shai R, Reichardt JK: A renaissance of "biochemical genetics"? SNPs, haplotypes, function, and complex diseases. Mol Genet Metab. 2004, 83: 47-50. 10.1016/j.ymgme.2004.07.014.CrossRefPubMed
10.
Moore JH: The ubiquitous nature of epistasis in determining susceptibility to common human diseases. Hum Hered. 2003, 56: 73-82. 10.1159/000073735.CrossRefPubMed
11.
12.
Antoniou AC, Pharoah PD, McMullan G, Day NE, Ponder BA, Easton D: Evidence for further breast cancer susceptibility genes in addition to BRCA1 and BRCA2 in a population-based study. Genet Epidemiol. 2001, 21: 1-18. 10.1002/gepi.1014.CrossRefPubMed
13.
Antoniou AC, Pharoah PD, McMullan G, Day NE, Stratton MR, Peto J, Ponder BJ, Easton DF: A comprehensive model for familial breast cancer incorporating BRCA1, BRCA2 and other genes. Br J Cancer. 2002, 86: 76-83. 10.1038/sj.bjc.6600008.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral
14.
Pharoah PD, Antoniou A, Bobrow M, Zimmern RL, Easton DF, Ponder BA: Polygenic susceptibility to breast cancer and implications for prevention. Nat Genet. 2002, 31: 33-36. 10.1038/ng853.CrossRefPubMed
15.
Au WW, Salama SA, Sierra-Torres CH: Functional characterization of polymorphisms in DNA repair genes using cytogenetic challenge assays. Environ Health Perspect. 2003, 111: 1843-1850.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral
16.
Hemminki K, Xu G, Angelini S, Snellman E, Jansen CT, Lambert B, Hou SM: XPD exon 10 and 23 polymorphisms and DNA repair in human skin in situ. Carcinogenesis. 2001, 22: 1185-1188. 10.1093/carcin/22.8.1185.CrossRefPubMed
17.
Spitz MR, Wu X, Wang Y, Wang LE, Shete S, Amos CI, Guo Z, Lei L, Mohrenweiser H, Wei Q: Modulation of nucleotide excision repair capacity by XPD polymorphisms in lung cancer patients. Cancer Res. 2001, 61: 1354-1357.PubMed
18.
Qiao Y, Spitz MR, Shen H, Guo Z, Shete S, Hedayati M, Grossman L, Mohrenweiser H, Wei Q: Modulation of repair of ultraviolet damage in the host-cell reactivation assay by polymorphic XPC and XPD/ERCC2 genotypes. Carcinogenesis. 2002, 23: 295-299. 10.1093/carcin/23.2.295.CrossRefPubMed
19.
Yamada K, Chen Z, Rozen R, Matthews RG: Effects of common polymorphisms on the properties of recombinant human methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA. 2001, 98: 14853-14858. 10.1073/pnas.261469998.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral
20.
Lotta T, Vidgren J, Tilgmann C, Ulmanen I, Melen K, Julkunen I, Taskinen J: Kinetics of human soluble and membrane-bound catechol O-methyltransferase: a revised mechanism and description of the thermolabile variant of the enzyme. Biochemistry. 1995, 34: 4202-4210. 10.1021/bi00013a008.CrossRefPubMed
21.
Lachman HM, Papolos DF, Saito T, Yu YM, Szumlanski CL, Weinshilboum RM: Human catechol-O-methyltransferase pharmacogenetics: description of a functional polymorphism and its potential application to neuropsychiatric disorders. Pharmacogenetics. 1996, 6: 243-250.CrossRefPubMed
22.
Sundberg K, Johansson AS, Stenberg G, Widersten M, Seidel A, Mannervik B, Jernstrom B: Differences in the catalytic efficiencies of allelic variants of glutathione transferase P1-1 towards carcinogenic diol epoxides of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons. Carcinogenesis. 1998, 19: 433-436. 10.1093/carcin/19.3.433.CrossRefPubMed
23.
Zimniak P, Nanduri B, Pikula S, Bandorowicz-Pikula J, Singhal SS, Srivastava SK, Awasthi S, Awasthi YC: Naturally occurring human glutathione S-transferase GSTP1-1 isoforms with isoleucine and valine in position 104 differ in enzymic properties. Eur J Biochem. 1994, 224: 893-899. 10.1111/j.1432-1033.1994.00893.x.CrossRefPubMed
24.
Betticher DC, Thatcher N, Altermatt HJ, Hoban P, Ryder WD, Heighway J: Alternate splicing produces a novel cyclin D1 transcript. Oncogene. 1995, 11: 1005-1011.PubMed
25.
Diehl JA, Sherr CJ: A dominant-negative cyclin D1 mutant prevents nuclear import of cyclin-dependent kinase 4 (CDK4) and its phosphorylation by CDK-activating kinase. Mol Cell Biol. 1997, 17: 7362-7374.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral
26.
Alt JR, Cleveland JL, Hannink M, Diehl JA: Phosphorylation-dependent regulation of cyclin D1 nuclear export and cyclin D1-dependent cellular transformation. Genes Dev. 2000, 14: 3102-3114. 10.1101/gad.854900.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral
27.
Lu F, Gladden AB, Diehl JA: An alternatively spliced cyclin D1 isoform, cyclin D1b, is a nuclear oncogene. Cancer Res. 2003, 63: 7056-7061.PubMed
28.
Rutter JL, Mitchell TI, Buttice G, Meyers J, Gusella JF, Ozelius LJ, Brinckerhoff CE: A single nucleotide polymorphism in the matrix metalloproteinase-1 promoter creates an Ets binding site and augments transcription. Cancer Res. 1998, 58: 5321-5325.PubMed
29.
Tower GB, Coon CI, Brinckerhoff CE: The 2G single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) in the MMP-1 promoter contributes to high levels of MMP-1 transcription in MCF-7/ADR breast cancer cells. Breast Cancer Res Treat. 2003, 82: 75-82. 10.1023/B:BREA.0000003948.14026.7c.CrossRefPubMed
30.
Turner DM, Williams DM, Sankaran D, Lazarus M, Sinnott PJ, Hutchinson IV: An investigation of polymorphism in the interleukin-10 gene promoter. Eur J Immunogenet. 1997, 24: 1-8.CrossRefPubMed
31.
Suarez A, Castro P, Alonso R, Mozo L, Gutierrez C: Interindividual variations in constitutive interleukin-10 messenger RNA and protein levels and their association with genetic polymorphisms. Transplantation. 2003, 75: 711-717. 10.1097/01.TP.0000055216.19866.9A.CrossRefPubMed
32.
Reuss E, Fimmers R, Kruger A, Becker C, Rittner C, Hohler T: Differential regulation of interleukin-10 production by genetic and environmental factors – a twin study. Genes Immun. 2002, 3: 407-413. 10.1038/sj.gene.6363920.CrossRefPubMed
33.
Kibel AS, Suarez BK, Belani J, Oh J, Webster R, Brophy-Ebbers M, Guo C, Catalona WJ, Picus J, Goodfellow PJ: CDKN1A and CDKN1B polymorphisms and risk of advanced prostate carcinoma. Cancer Res. 2003, 63: 2033-2036.PubMed
34.
Yengi L, Inskip A, Gilford J, Alldersea J, Bailey L, Smith A, Lear JT, Heagerty AH, Bowers B, Hand P, Hayes JD, Jones PW, Strange RC, Fryer AA: Polymorphism at the glutathione S-transferase locus GSTM3: interactions with cytochrome P450 and glutathione S-transferase genotypes as risk factors for multiple cutaneous basal cell carcinoma. Cancer Res. 1996, 56: 1974-1977.PubMed
35.
Uglialoro AM, Turbay D, Pesavento PA, Delgado JC, McKenzie FE, Gribben JG, Hartl D, Yunis EJ, Goldfeld AE: Identification of three new single nucleotide polymorphisms in the human tumor necrosis factor-alpha gene promoter. Tissue Antigens. 1998, 52: 359-367.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral
36.
Bayley JP, de Rooij H, van den Elsen PJ, Huizinga TW, Verweij CL: Functional analysis of linker-scan mutants spanning the -376, -308, -244, and -238 polymorphic sites of the TNF-alpha promoter. Cytokine. 2001, 14: 316-323. 10.1006/cyto.2001.0902.CrossRefPubMed
37.
Wilson AG, Symons JA, McDowell TL, McDevitt HO, Duff GW: Effects of a polymorphism in the human tumor necrosis factor alpha promoter on transcriptional activation. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA. 1997, 94: 3195-3199. 10.1073/pnas.94.7.3195.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral
38.
Baseggio L, Bartholin L, Chantome A, Charlot C, Rimokh R, Salles G: Allele-specific binding to the -308 single nucleotide polymorphism site in the tumour necrosis factor-alpha promoter. Eur J Immunogenet. 2004, 31: 15-19. 10.1111/j.1365-2370.2004.00440.x.CrossRefPubMed
39.
Nedelcheva KV, Haraldsen EK, Anderson KB, Lonning PE, Erikstein B, Karesen R, Gabrielsen OS, Borresen-Dale AL: CYP17 and breast cancer risk: the polymorphism in the 5' flanking area of the gene does not influence binding to Sp-1. Cancer Res. 1999, 59: 2825-2828.
40.
Feigelson HS, Shames LS, Pike MC, Coetzee GA, Stanczyk FZ, Henderson BE: Cytochrome P450c17alpha gene (CYP17) polymorphism is associated with serum estrogen and progesterone concentrations. Cancer Res. 1998, 58: 585-587.PubMed
41.
Graves PE, Kabesch M, Halonen M, Holberg CJ, Baldini M, Fritzsch C, Weiland SK, Erickson RP, von Mutius E, Martinez FD: A cluster of seven tightly linked polymorphisms in the IL-13 gene is associated with total serum IgE levels in three populations of white children. J Allergy Clin Immunol. 2000, 105: 506-513. 10.1067/mai.2000.104940.CrossRefPubMed
42.
John EM, Hopper JL, Beck JC, Knight JA, Neuhausen SL, Senie RT, Ziogas A, Andrulis IL, Anton-Culver H, Boyd N, Buys SS, Daly MB, O'Malley FP, Santella RM, Southey MC, Venne VL, Venter DJ, West DW, Whittemore AS, Seminara D: The Breast Cancer Family Registry: an infrastructure for cooperative multinational, interdisciplinary and translational studies of the genetic epidemiology of breast cancer. Breast Cancer Res. 2004, 6: R375-R389. 10.1186/bcr801.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral
43.
Knight JA, Sutherland HJ, Glendon G, Boyd NF, Andrulis IL: Characteristics associated with participation at various stages at the Ontario site of the cooperative family registry for breast cancer studies. Ann Epidemiol. 2002, 12: 27-33. 10.1016/S1047-2797(01)00253-8.CrossRefPubMed
44.
Brinton LA, Hoover R, Fraumeni JF: Interaction of familial and hormonal risk factors for breast cancer. J Natl Cancer Inst. 1982, 69: 817-822.PubMed
45.
Egan KM, Stampfer MJ, Rosner BA, Trichopoulos D, Newcomb PA, Trentham-Dietz A, Longnecker MP, Mittendorf R, Greenberg ER, Willett WC: Risk factors for breast cancer in women with a breast cancer family history. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev. 1998, 7: 359-364.PubMed
46.
Marchbanks PA, McDonald JA, Wilson HG, Folger SG, Mandel MG, Daling JR, Bernstein L, Malone KE, Ursin G, Strom BL, Norman SA, Wingo PA, Burkman RT, Berlin JA, Simon MS, Spirtas R, Weiss LK: Oral contraceptives and the risk of breast cancer. N Engl J Med. 2002, 346: 2025-2032. 10.1056/NEJMoa013202.CrossRefPubMed
47.
Livak KJ: Allelic discrimination using fluorogenic probes and the 5' nuclease assay. Genet Anal. 1999, 14: 143-149.CrossRefPubMed
48.
Weir BS: Genetic Data Analysis II: Methods for discrete population genetic data. 1996, Sunderland, MA: Sinauer Associates
49.
Akaike H: Information theory as an extension of the maximum likelihood principle. Second International Symposium on Information Theory. Edited by: Petrov BN, Csaki F. 1973, Budapest: Akademiai Kiado, 267-281.
50.
Hosmer DW, Lemeshow S: Applied Logistic Regression. 1989, New York: John Wiley & Sons
51.
Dudbridge F: Pedigree disequilibrium tests for multilocus haplotypes. Genet Epidemiol. 2003, 25: 115-121. 10.1002/gepi.10252.CrossRefPubMed
52.
Efron B, Tibshirani RJ: An introduction to the bootstrap. 1993, London: Chapman & HallCrossRef
53.
Benjamini Y, Hochberg Y: Controlling the false discovery rate: a practical approach and powerful approach for multiple testing. J R Stat Soc B. 1995, 57: 289-300.
54.
Wacholder S, Chanock S, Garcia-Closas M, El Ghormli L, Rothman N: Assessing the probability that a positive report is false: an approach for molecular epidemiology studies. J Natl Cancer Inst. 2004, 96: 434-442.CrossRefPubMed
55.
Gauderman WJ: Sample size requirements for matched case-control studies of gene-environment interaction. Stat Med. 2002, 21: 35-50. 10.1002/sim.973.CrossRefPubMed
56.
Gauderman WJ: Sample size requirements for association studies of gene-gene interaction. Am J Epidemiol. 2002, 155: 478-484. 10.1093/aje/155.5.478.CrossRefPubMed
57.
Devlin B, Risch N: A comparison of linkage disequilibrium measures for fine-scale mapping. Genomics. 1995, 29: 311-322. 10.1006/geno.1995.9003.CrossRefPubMed
58.
Morton NE, MacLean CJ: Analysis of family resemblance. 3. Complex segregation of quantitative traits. Am J Hum Genet. 1974, 26: 489-503.PubMedPubMedCentral
59.
60.
Siemiatycki J, Thomas DC: Biological models and statistical interactions: an example from multistage carcinogenesis. Int J Epidemiol. 1981, 10: 383-387.CrossRefPubMed
61.
Mancuso C, Glendon G, Anson-Cartwright L, Shi EJ, Andrulis I, Knight J: Ethnicity, but not cancer family history, is related to response to a population-based mailed questionnaire. Ann Epidemiol. 2004, 14: 36-43. 10.1016/S1047-2797(03)00073-5.CrossRefPubMed
62.
Westfall P, Young SS: P value adjustment for multiple tests in multivariate binomial models. JASA. 1989, 84: 780-785.
63.
Coffey CS, Hebert PR, Krumholz HM, Morgan TM, Williams SM, Moore JH: Reporting of model validation procedures in human studies of genetic interactions. Nutrition. 2004, 20: 69-73. 10.1016/j.nut.2003.09.012.CrossRefPubMed
64.
Thomas DC, Clayton DG: Betting odds and genetic associations. J Natl Cancer Inst. 2004, 96: 421-423.CrossRefPubMed
65.
Conti DV, Cortessis V, Molitor J, Thomas DC: Bayesian modeling of complex metabolic pathways. Hum Hered. 2003, 56: 83-93. 10.1159/000073736.CrossRefPubMed
66.
Cortessis V, Thomas DC: Toxicokinetic genetics: An approach to gene-environment and gene-gene interactions in complex metabolic pathways. Mechanistic considerations in the molecular epidemiology of cancer. Edited by: Bird P, Boffetta P, Buffler P, Rice J. 2003, Lyon, France, IARC Scientific Publications
67.
Hung RJ, Brennan P, Malaveille C, Porru S, Donato F, Boffetta P, Witte JS: Using hierarchical modeling in genetic association studies with multiple markers: application to a case-control study of bladder cancer. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev. 2004, 13: 1013-1021.PubMed
68.
Ulrich CM, Robien K, McLeod HL: Cancer pharmacogenetics: polymorphisms, pathways and beyond. Nat Rev Cancer. 2003, 3: 912-920. 10.1038/nrc1233.CrossRefPubMed
69.
Levy-Lahad E, Lahad A, Eisenberg S, Dagan E, Paperna T, Kasinetz L, Catane R, Kaufman B, Beller U, Renbaum P, Gershoni-Baruch R: A single nucleotide polymorphism in the RAD51 gene modifies cancer risk in BRCA2 but not BRCA1 carriers. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA. 2001, 98: 3232-3236. 10.1073/pnas.051624098.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral
70.
Ritchie MD, Hahn LW, Roodi N, Bailey LR, Dupont WD, Parl FF, Moore JH: Multifactor-dimensionality reduction reveals high-order interactions among estrogen-metabolism genes in sporadic breast cancer. Am J Hum Genet. 2001, 69: 138-147. 10.1086/321276.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral
71.
Ambrosone CB, Sweeney C, Coles BF, Thompson PA, McClure GY, Korourian S, Fares MY, Stone A, Kadlubar FF, Hutchins LF: Polymorphisms in glutathione S-transferases (GSTM1 and GSTT1) and survival after treatment for breast cancer. Cancer Res. 2001, 61: 7130-7135.PubMed
72.
Gudmundsdottir K, Tryggvadottir L, Eyfjord JE: GSTM1, GSTT1, and GSTP1 genotypes in relation to breast cancer risk and frequency of mutations in the p53 gene. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev. 2001, 10: 1169-1173.PubMed
73.
Park SK, Yoo KY, Lee SJ, Kim SU, Ahn SH, Noh DY, Choe KJ, Strickland PT, Hirvonen A, Kang D: Alcohol consumption, glutathione S-transferase M1 and T1 genetic polymorphisms and breast cancer risk. Pharmacogenetics. 2000, 10: 301-309. 10.1097/00008571-200006000-00004.CrossRefPubMed
74.
Wang XW, Vermeulen W, Coursen JD, Gibson M, Lupold SE, Forrester K, Xu G, Elmore L, Yeh H, Hoeijmakers JH, Harris CC: The XPB and XPD DNA helicases are components of the p53-mediated apoptosis pathway. Genes Dev. 1996, 10: 1219-1232.CrossRefPubMed
75.
Fabbro M, Savage K, Hobson K, Deans AJ, Powell SN, McArthur GA, Khanna KK: BRCA1-BARD1 complexes are required for p53Ser-15 phosphorylation and a G1/S arrest following ionizing radiation-induced DNA damage. J Biol Chem. 2004, 279: 31251-31258. 10.1074/jbc.M405372200.CrossRefPubMed
76.
Vidarsson H, Mikaelsdottir EK, Rafnar T, Bertwistle D, Ashworth A, Eyfjord JE, Valgeirsdottir S: BRCA1 and BRCA2 bind Stat5a and suppress its transcriptional activity. FEBS Lett. 2002, 532: 247-252. 10.1016/S0014-5793(02)03684-0.CrossRefPubMed
77.
Ho AS, Wei SH, Mui AL, Miyajima A, Moore KW: Functional regions of the mouse interleukin-10 receptor cytoplasmic domain. Mol Cell Biol. 1995, 15: 5043-5053.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral
78.
Phillips KA, Nichol K, Ozcelik H, Knight J, Done SJ, Goodwin PJ, Andrulis IL: Frequency of p53 mutations in breast carcinomas from Ashkenazi Jewish carriers of BRCA1 mutations. J Natl Cancer Inst. 1999, 91: 469-473. 10.1093/jnci/91.5.469.CrossRefPubMed
79.
Sabbah M, Courilleau D, Mester J, Redeuilh G: Estrogen induction of the cyclin D1 promoter: involvement of a cAMP response-like element. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA. 1999, 96: 11217-11222. 10.1073/pnas.96.20.11217.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral
80.
81.
82.
83.
Terry MB, Gammon MD, Zhang FF, Eng SM, Sagiv SK, Paykin AB, Wang Q, Hayes S, Teitelbaum SL, Neugut AI, Santella RM: Polymorphism in the DNA repair gene XPD, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon-DNA adducts, cigarette smoking, and breast cancer risk. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev. 2004, 13: 2053-2058.PubMed
84.
Cheng TC, Chen ST, Huang CS, Fu YP, Yu JC, Cheng CW, Wu PE, Shen CY: Breast cancer risk associated with genotype polymorphism of the catechol estrogen-metabolizing genes: a multigenic study on cancer susceptibility. Int J Cancer. 2005, 113: 345-353. 10.1002/ijc.20630.CrossRefPubMed
85.
Egan KM, Cai Q, Shu XO, Jin F, Zhu TL, Dai Q, Gao YT, Zheng W: Genetic polymorphisms in GSTM1, GSTP1, and GSTT1 and the risk for breast cancer: results from the Shanghai Breast Cancer Study and meta-analysis. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev. 2004, 13: 197-204. 10.1158/1055-9965.EPI-03-0294.CrossRefPubMed
86.
Campbell IG, Baxter SW, Eccles DM, Choong DY: Methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase polymorphism and susceptibility to breast cancer. Breast Cancer Res. 2002, 4: R14-10.1186/bcr457.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral
87.
Ceschi M, Sun CL, Van Den BD, Koh WP, Yu MC, Probst-Hensch N: The effect of cyclin D1 (CCND1) G870A-polymorphism on breast cancer risk is modified by oxidative stress among Chinese women in Singapore. Carcinogenesis. 2005, 26: 1457-1464. 10.1093/carcin/bgi093.CrossRefPubMed
88.
Metadata
Title
SNP-SNP interactions in breast cancer susceptibility
Authors
Venüs Ümmiye Onay
Laurent Briollais
Julia A Knight
Ellen Shi
Yuanyuan Wang
Sean Wells
Hong Li
Isaac Rajendram
Irene L Andrulis
Hilmi Ozcelik
Publication date
01-12-2006
Publisher
BioMed Central
Published in
BMC Cancer / Issue 1/2006
Electronic ISSN: 1471-2407
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1186/1471-2407-6-114

Other articles of this Issue 1/2006

BMC Cancer 1/2006 Go to the issue

Research article

Effects of THBS3, SPARC and SPP1 expression on biological behavior and survival in patients with osteosarcoma

Research article

Inverse association of antioxidant and phytoestrogen nutrient intake with adult glioma in the San Francisco Bay Area: a case-control study

Research article

Recombinant AAV-mediated HSVtk gene transfer with direct intratumoral injections and Tet-On regulation for implanted human breast cancer

Research article

The monoclonal antibody SM5-1 recognizes a fibronectin variant which is widely expressed in melanoma

Case report

The carcinogenic potential of tacrolimus ointment beyond immune suppression: a hypothesis creating case report

Research article

The role of sialomucin CD164 (MGC-24v or endolyn) in prostate cancer metastasis
Webinar | 19-02-2024 | 17:30 (CET)

Keynote webinar | Spotlight on antibody–drug conjugates in cancer

Watch now

Antibody–drug conjugates (ADCs) are novel agents that have shown promise across multiple tumor types. Explore the current landscape of ADCs in breast and lung cancer with our experts, and gain insights into the mechanism of action, key clinical trials data, existing challenges, and future directions.

Dr. Véronique Diéras
Prof. Fabrice Barlesi
Developed by: Springer Medicine
Image Credits