Skip to main content
Key Specialties
Cardiology Diabetology Endocrinology Gastroenterology Geriatrics and Gerontology Gynecology and Obstetrics Hematology Infectious Disease Internal Medicine Nephrology Neurology Oncology Pediatrics Respiratory Medicine Rheumatology Surgery
Congress Coverage
2024 ACC Congress 2023 ESMO Congress 2023 EASD Congress 2023 ERS Congress 2023 ESC Congress
Clinical Collections
Advances in Alzheimer’s

Keynote webinar | Spotlight on medication adherence

LIVE: Thursday 27th June 2024, 18:00-19:30 (CEST)
Join our expert panel to discover why you need to understand the drivers of non-adherence in your patients, and how you can optimize medication adherence in your clinics to drastically improve patient outcomes.
ADVANCED SEARCH
Log in
Top
BMC Pregnancy and Childbirth
Published in: BMC Pregnancy and Childbirth 1/2014

Open Access 01-12-2014 | Research article

Utilization of PMTCT services and associated factors among pregnant women attending antenatal clinics in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia

Authors: Wakgari Deressa, Assefa Seme, Anteneh Asefa, Getachew Teshome, Fikre Enqusellassie

Published in: BMC Pregnancy and Childbirth | Issue 1/2014

Login to get access

Abstract

Background

Mother-to-child transmission (MTCT) of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) remains the major source of HIV infection in young children. Targeting pregnant women attending antenatal clinics provide a unique opportunity for implementing prevention of mother-to-child transmission (PMTCT) programmes against HIV infection of newborn babies. This study aimed to investigate factors associated with the acceptability and utilization of PMTCT of HIV.

Methods

An institution based cross-sectional study was conducted in April 2010 using exit interviews with 843 pregnant women attending antenatal care (ANC) clinics of 10 health centers and two hospitals in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. Trained nurses administered structured questionnaires to collect data on socio-demographic characteristics, knowledge about MTCT, practice of HIV testing and satisfaction with the antenatal care services. Six focus group discussions among pregnant women and 22 in-depth interviews with service providers complemented the quantitative data.

Results

About 94% of the pregnant women visited the health facility for ANC check-up. Only 18% and 9% of respondents attended the facility for HIV counselling and testing (HCT) and receiving antiretroviral prophylaxis, respectively. About 90% knew that a mother with HIV can pass the virus to her child, and MTCT through breast milk was commonly cited by most women (72.4%) than transmission during pregnancy (49.7%) or delivery (49.5%). About 94% of them reported that they were tested for HIV in the current pregnancy and 60% replied that their partners were also tested for HIV. About 80% of the respondents reported adequacy of privacy and confidentiality during counseling (90.8% at hospitals and 78.6% at health centers), but 16% wished to have a different counselor. Absence of counselors, poor counselling, lack of awareness and knowledge about HCT, lack of interest and psychological unpreparedness were the main reasons cited for not undergoing HIV testing during the current pregnancy.

Conclusions

HIV testing among ANC attendees and knowledge about MTCT of HIV was quite high. Efforts should be made to improve the quality and coverage of HCT services and mitigate the barriers preventing mothers from seeking HIV testing. Further research should be conducted to evaluate the uptake of antiretroviral prophylaxis among HIV-positive pregnant women attending ANC clinics.
Appendix
Available only for authorised users
Literature
1.
World Health Organization: PMTCT Strategic Vision 2010–2015: Preventing Mother-to-Child Transmission of HIV to Reach the UNGASS and Millennium Development Goals. 2010, Geneva: World Health Organization
2.
Luo C, Akwara P, Ngongo N, Doughty P, Gass R, Ekpini R, Crowley S: Hayashi: global progress in PMTCT and paediatric HIV care and treatment in low- and middle-income countries in 2004–2005. Reproductive Health Matters. 2007, 15 (30): 179-189. 10.1016/S0968-8080(07)30327-3.CrossRefPubMed
3.
World Health Organization, USAIDS and UNICEF: Towards Universal Access: Scaling up Priority HIV/AIDS Interventions in the Health Sector, Progress Report 2010. 2010, Geneva, Switzerland: WHO
4.
World Health Organization: Antiretroviral Drugs for Treating Pregnant Women and Preventing HIV Infection in Infants: Towards Universal Access. 2006, Geneva: World Health Organization
5.
Ministry of Health of Federal Democratic Republic of Ethiopia: Health and Health Related Indicators. 2010, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia: Federal Ministry of Health
6.
Assefa Y, Jerene D, Lulseged S, Ooms G, Damme WV: Rapid scale-up of antiretroviral treatment in Ethiopia: successes and system-wide effects. PLoS Med. 2009, 6 (4): e100-CrossRef
7.
Ministry of Health of Federal Democratic Republic of Ethiopia, and HIV/AIDS Prevention and Control Office: Guidelines for Prevention of Mother-to-child transmission of HIV in Ethiopia. 2007, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia: Federal Ministry of Health
8.
World Health Organization and USAIDS: Guidance on Provider-Initiated HIV Testing and Counseling in Health Facilities. 2007, Geneva, Switzerland: WHO
9.
Bajunirwe F, Muzoora M: Barriers to the implementation of programmes for the prevention of mother-to-child transmission of HIV: a cross-sectional survey in rural and urban Uganda. AIDS Res Ther. 2005, 2: 10-10.1186/1742-6405-2-10.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral
10.
Kasenga F, Hurtig A, Emmelin M: HIV-positive women’s experiences of a PMTCT programmeme in rural Malawi. Midwifery. 2008, doi:10.1016/j.midwif.2008.04.007
11.
Chinkonde JR, Sundby J, Martinson F: The prevention of mother-to-child HIV transmission pogramme in Lilongwe, Malawi: why do so many women drop out. Reproductive Health Matters. 2009, 17 (33): 143-151. 10.1016/S0968-8080(09)33440-0.CrossRefPubMed
12.
Lerebo W, Callens S, Jackson D, Zarowsky C, Tommerman M: Identifying factors associated with the uptake of prevention of mother to child HIV transmission programme in Tigray region. Ethiopia: a multilevel modelling approach BMC Health Services Research. 2014, 14: 181-
13.
Derebe G, Biadgilign S, Trivelli M, Hundessa G, Robi ZD, Gebre-Mariam M, Makonnen M: Determinant and outcome of early diagnosis of HIV infection among HIV-exposed infants in southwest Ethiopia. BMC Research Notes. 2014, 7: 309-10.1186/1756-0500-7-309.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral
14.
Jebessa S, Teka T: Knowledge and attitude towards mother to child transmission of HIV and its prevention among post-natal mothers in Tikur Anbessa and Zewditu Memorial Hospitals, Addis Ababa. Ethiop J Health Dev. 2005, 19 (3): 211-218.
15.
Ismail H, Ali A: Status of ANC-linked HIV counseling and testing as an intervention for PMTCT in public health facilities in Addis Ababa: quality of HIV counseling given to pregnant women for PMTCT. Ethiop J Health Dev. 2009, 23 (3): 190-198.
16.
Ismail H, Ali A: Pregnant women’s satisfaction and comprehension level of information given during HIV counseling and testing for PMTCT in public health facilities Addis Ababa. Ethiop J Health Dev. 2011, 25 (2): 126-134.
17.
Central Statistical Agency: The 2007 National Census Preliminary Report for Ethiopia. 2008, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia: Central Statistical Agency
18.
von Elm E, Altman DG, Egger M, Pocock SJ, Gotzsche PC, Vandenbroucke JP: The strengthening the reporting of observational studies in epidemiology (STROBE) statement: guidelines for reporting observational studies. Lancet. 2007, 370 (9596): 1453-1457. 10.1016/S0140-6736(07)61602-X.CrossRefPubMed
19.
Demissie A, Deribew A, Abera M: Determinants of acceptance of voluntary HIV testing among antenatal clinic attendees at Dil Chora Hospital, Dire Dawa, East Ethiopia. Ethiop J Health Dev. 2009, 23 (2): 141-147.
20.
Mahmoud MM, Nasr AM, Gassmelseed DEA, Abdalelhafiz MA, Elsheikh MA, Adam I: Knowledge and attitude toward HIV voluntary counseling and testing services among pregnant women attending an antenatal clinic in Sudan. J Med Virol. 2007, 79: 469-473. 10.1002/jmv.20850.CrossRefPubMed
21.
Perez F, Aung KD, Ndoro T, Engelsmann B, Dabis F: Participation of traditional birth attendants in prevention of mother-to-child transmission of HIV services in two rural districts of Zimbabwe: a feasibility study. BMC Public Health. 2008, 8: 401-10.1186/1471-2458-8-401.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral
22.
Chandisarewa W, Stranix-Chibanda L, Chirapa E, Miller A, Simoyi M, Mahomva A, Maldonado Y, Shetty AK: Routine offer of antenatal HIV testing (“opt-out” approach) to prevent mother-to-child transmission of HIV in urban Zimbabwe. Bull World Health Organ. 2007, 85: 843-850.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral
23.
Hoog AHV, Mbori-Ngacha DA, Marum LH, Otieno JA, Misore AO, Nganga LW, DeCock KM: Preventing mother-to-child transmission of HIV in western Kenya. Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome. 2005, 40 (3): 344-349. 10.1097/01.qai.0000160712.86580.ff.CrossRef
24.
Levy JM: Women’s expectations of treatment and care after an antenatal HIV diagnosis in Lilongwe, Malawi. Reproductive Health Matters. 2009, 17 (33): 152-161. 10.1016/S0968-8080(09)33436-9.CrossRefPubMed
25.
Nguyen TA, Oosterhoff P, Ngoc YP, Wright P, Hardon A: Barriers to access prevention of mother-to-child transmission for HIV positive women in a well-resourced setting in Vietnam. AIDS Res Ther. 2008, 5: 7-10.1186/1742-6405-5-7.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral
26.
Mirkuzie AH, Hinderaker SG, Mørkve O: Promising outcomes of a national programmeme for the prevention of mother-to-child HIV transmission in Addis Ababa: a retrospective study. BMC Health Serv Res. 2010, 10: 267-10.1186/1472-6963-10-267.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral
27.
Medley A, Garcia-Moreno C, McGill S: Rates, barriers and outcomes of HIV sero-status disclosure among women in developing countries: Implications for prevention of mother-to-child transmission programmes. Bull World Health Organ. 2004, 82: 299-307.PubMedPubMedCentral
28.
Gari T, Habte D, Markos E: HIV positive status disclosure to sexual partner among women attending ART clinic at Hawassa University Referral Hospital, SNNPR, Ethiopia. Ethiop J Health Dev. 2009, 24 (1): 9-14.
29.
Kelley AL, Karita E, Sullivan PS, Katangulia F, Chomba E, Carael M, Telfair J, Dunham SM, Vwalika CM, Kautzman MG, Wall KM, Allen SA: Knowledge and perceptions of couples’ voluntary counseling and testing in urban Rwanda and Zambia: a cross-sectional household survey. PLoS One. 2011, 6 (5): e19573-10.1371/journal.pone.0019573.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral
30.
Chopra M, Doherty T, Jackson D, Ashworth A: Preventing HIV transmission to children: quality of counseling of mothers in South Africa. Acta Paediatr. 2005, 94: 357-363. 10.1111/j.1651-2227.2005.tb03080.x.CrossRefPubMed
31.
Delva W, Mutunga L, Quaghebeur A, Temmerman M: Quality and quantity of antenatal HIV counseling in a PMTCT programmeme in Mombasa, Kenya. AIDS Care. 2006, 18 (3): 189-193. 10.1080/09540120500456425.CrossRefPubMed
32.
Ministry of Health of Federal Democratic Republic of Ethiopia: Health Sector Development Programme IV: 2010/11-2014/15. 2010, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia: Federal Ministry of Health
33.
Wanyu B, Diom E, Mitchel P, Tih PM, Meyer DJ: Birth attendants trained in “prevention of mother-to-child HIV transmission” provide care in rural Cameroon, Africa. Journal of Midwifery and Women’s Health. 2007, 52 (4): 334-341. 10.1016/j.jmwh.2006.12.018.CrossRefPubMed
Metadata
Title
Utilization of PMTCT services and associated factors among pregnant women attending antenatal clinics in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
Authors
Wakgari Deressa
Assefa Seme
Anteneh Asefa
Getachew Teshome
Fikre Enqusellassie
Publication date
01-12-2014
Publisher
BioMed Central
Published in
BMC Pregnancy and Childbirth / Issue 1/2014
Electronic ISSN: 1471-2393
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1186/1471-2393-14-328

Other articles of this Issue 1/2014

BMC Pregnancy and Childbirth 1/2014 Go to the issue

Research article

Indirect cost of maternal deaths in the WHO African Region in 2010

Research article

The Public’s views of mental health in pregnant and postpartum women: a population-based study

Research article

Adult physical, sexual, and emotional abuse and postpartum depression, a population based, prospective study of 53,065 women in the Norwegian Mother and Child Cohort Study

Research article

Talcum powder or aqueous gel to aid external cephalic version: a randomised controlled trial

Research article

Assessing the quality of record keeping for cesarean deliveries: results from a multicenter retrospective record review in five low-income countries

Research article

Stakeholder views on the incorporation of traditional birth attendants into the formal health systems of low-and middle-income countries: a qualitative analysis of the HIFA2015 and CHILD2015 email discussion forums