Top

BMC Medical Genetics

Published in:

Open Access 01-12-2008 | Research article

Heritability of cardiovascular risk factors in a Brazilian population: Baependi Heart Study

Authors: Camila M de Oliveira, Alexandre C Pereira, Mariza de Andrade, Júlia M Soler, José E Krieger

Published in: BMC Medical Genetics | Issue 1/2008

Abstract

Background

The heritability of cardiovascular risk factors is expected to differ between populations because of the different distribution of environmental risk factors, as well as the genetic make-up of different human populations.

Methods

The purpose of this analysis was to evaluate genetic and environmental influences on cardiovascular risk factor traits, using a variance component approach, by estimating the heritability of these traits in a sample of 1,666 individuals in 81 families ascertained randomly from a highly admixed population of a city in a rural area in Brazil.

Results

Before adjustment for sex, age, age², and age × sex interaction, polygenic heritability of systolic (SBP) and diastolic (DBP) blood pressure were 15.0% and 16.4%, waist circumference 26.1%, triglycerides 25.7%, fasting glucose 32.8%, HDL-c 31.2%, total cholesterol 28.6%, LDL-c 26.3%, BMI 39.1%. Adjustment for covariates increased polygenic heritability estimates for all traits mainly systolic and diastolic blood pressure (25.9 and 26.2%, respectively), waist circumference (40.1%), and BMI (51.0%).

Conclusion

Heritability estimates for cardiovascular traits in the Brazilian population are high and not significantly different from other studied worldwide populations. Mapping efforts to identify genetic loci associated with variability of these traits are warranted.

Kissebah AH, Sonnenberg GE, Myklebust J, Goldstein M, Broman K, James RG, Marks JA, Krakower GR, Jacob HJ, Weber J, Martin L, Blangero J, Comuzzie AG: Quantitative trait loci on chromosomes 3 and 17 influence phenotypes of the metabolic syndrome. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2000, 97: 14478-14483. 10.1073/pnas.97.26.14478.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral

Shmulewitz D, Heath SC, Blundell ML, Han Z, Sharma R, Salit J, Auerbach SB, Signorini S, Breslow JL, Stoffel M, Friedman JM: Linkage analysis of quantitative traits for obesity, diabetes, hypertension, and dyslipidemia on the island of Kosrae, Federated States of Micronesia. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2006, 103: 3502-3509. 10.1073/pnas.0510156103.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral

McQueen MB, Bertram L, Rimm EB, Blacker D, Santangelo SL: A QTL genome scan of the metabolic syndrome and its component traits. BMC Genet. 2003, 4 Suppl 1: S96-10.1186/1471-2156-4-S1-S96.CrossRefPubMed

Goldin LR, Camp NJ, Keen KJ, Martin LJ, Moslehi R, Ghosh S, North KE, Wyszynski DF, Blacker D: Analysis of metabolic syndrome phenotypes in Framingham Heart Study families from Genetic Analysis Workshop 13. Genet Epidemiol. 2003, 25 Suppl 1: S78-89. 10.1002/gepi.10288.CrossRefPubMed

Oberg S, Ge D, Cnattingius S, Svensson A, Treiber FA, Snieder H, Iliadou A: Ethnic differences in the association of birth weight and blood pressure: the Georgia cardiovascular twin study. Am J Hypertens. 2007, 20: 1235-1241. 10.1016/j.amjhyper.2007.07.012.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral

Mansour-Chemaly M, Haddy N, Siest G, Visvikis S: Family studies: their role in the evaluation of genetic cardiovascular risk factors. Clin Chem Lab Med. 2002, 40: 1085-1096. 10.1515/CCLM.2002.190.CrossRefPubMed

Freedman DS, Kahn HS, Mei Z, Grummer-Strawn LM, Dietz WH, Srinivasan SR, Berenson GS: Relation of body mass index and waist-to-height ratio to cardiovascular disease risk factors in children and adolescents: the Bogalusa Heart Study. Am J Clin Nutr. 2007, 86: 33-40.PubMed

Hong Y, Rice T, Gagnon J, Despres JP, Nadeau A, Perusse L, Bouchard C, Leon AS, Skinner JS, Wilmore JH, Rao DC: Familial clustering of insulin and abdominal visceral fat: the HERITAGE Family Study. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 1998, 83: 4239-4245. 10.1210/jc.83.12.4239.PubMed

Pereira AC, Mota GF, Cunha RS, Herbenhoff FL, Mill JG, Krieger JE: Angiotensinogen 235T allele "dosage" is associated with blood pressure phenotypes. Hypertension. 2003, 41: 25-30. 10.1161/01.HYP.0000047465.97065.15.CrossRefPubMed

10.

Pereira AC, Sposito AC, Mota GF, Cunha RS, Herkenhoff FL, Mill JG, Krieger JE: Endothelial nitric oxide synthase gene variant modulates the relationship between serum cholesterol levels and blood pressure in the general population: new evidence for a direct effect of lipids in arterial blood pressure. Atherosclerosis. 2006, 184: 193-200. 10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2005.03.035.CrossRefPubMed

11.

Almasy L, Blangero J: Multipoint quantitative-trait linkage analysis in general pedigrees. Am J Hum Genet. 1998, 62: 1198-1211. 10.1086/301844.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral

12.

de Andrade M, Amos CI, Thiel TJ: Methods to estimate genetic components of variance for quantitative traits in family studies. Genet Epidemiol. 1999, 17: 64-76. 10.1002/(SICI)1098-2272(1999)17:1<64::AID-GEPI5>3.0.CO;2-M.CrossRefPubMed

13.

Executive Summary of The Third Report of The National Cholesterol Education Program (NCEP) Expert Panel on Detection, Evaluation, And Treatment of High Blood Cholesterol In Adults (Adult Treatment Panel III). Jama. 2001, 285: 2486-2497. 10.1001/jama.285.19.2486.

14.

Mitchell BD, Kammerer CM, Blangero J, Mahaney MC, Rainwater DL, Dyke B, Hixson JE, Henkel RD, Sharp RM, Comuzzie AG, VandeBerg JL, Stern MP, MacCluer JW: Genetic and environmental contributions to cardiovascular risk factors in Mexican Americans. The San Antonio Family Heart Study. Circulation. 1996, 94: 2159-2170.CrossRefPubMed

15.

Lin HF, Boden-Albala B, Juo SH, Park N, Rundek T, Sacco RL: Heritabilities of the metabolic syndrome and its components in the Northern Manhattan Family Study. Diabetologia. 2005, 48: 2006-2012. 10.1007/s00125-005-1892-2.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral

16.

Bosy-Westphal A, Onur S, Geisler C, Wolf A, Korth O, Pfeuffer M, Schrezenmeir J, Krawczak M, Muller MJ: Common familial influences on clustering of metabolic syndrome traits with central obesity and insulin resistance: the Kiel obesity prevention study. Int J Obes (Lond). 2007, 31 (5): 784-790.

17.

Austin MA, Edwards KL, McNeely MJ, Chandler WL, Leonetti DL, Talmud PJ, Humphries SE, Fujimoto WY: Heritability of multivariate factors of the metabolic syndrome in nondiabetic Japanese americans. Diabetes. 2004, 53: 1166-1169. 10.2337/diabetes.53.4.1166.CrossRefPubMed

18.

Freeman MS, Mansfield MW, Barrett JH, Grant PJ: Heritability of features of the insulin resistance syndrome in a community-based study of healthy families. Diabet Med. 2002, 19: 994-999. 10.1046/j.1464-5491.2002.00843.x.CrossRefPubMed

19.

Fulker DW, Cherny SS, Sham PC, Hewitt JK: Combined linkage and association sib-pair analysis for quantitative traits. Am J Hum Genet. 1999, 64: 259-267. 10.1086/302193.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral

20.

North KE, Howard BV, Welty TK, Best LG, Lee ET, Yeh JL, Fabsitz RR, Roman MJ, MacCluer JW: Genetic and environmental contributions to cardiovascular disease risk in American Indians: the strong heart family study. Am J Epidemiol. 2003, 157: 303-314. 10.1093/aje/kwf208.CrossRefPubMed

21.

Magi L, Stramenga C, Morosini P: [Prevalence of the metabolic syndrome among Italian adults. Findings from the SIMAP study]. Recenti Prog Med. 2005, 96: 280-283.PubMed

22.

Pollex RL, Hegele RA: Genetic determinants of the metabolic syndrome. Nat Clin Pract Cardiovasc Med. 2006, 3: 482-489. 10.1038/ncpcardio0638.CrossRefPubMed

23.

Gale EA: The myth of the metabolic syndrome. Diabetologia. 2005, 48: 1679-1683. 10.1007/s00125-005-1873-5.CrossRefPubMed

24.

Kahn R, Buse J, Ferrannini E, Stern M: The metabolic syndrome: time for a critical appraisal: joint statement from the American Diabetes Association and the European Association for the Study of Diabetes. Diabetes Care. 2005, 28: 2289-2304. 10.2337/diacare.28.9.2289.CrossRefPubMed

25.

Aguilar-Salinas CA, Rojas R, Gomez-Perez FJ, Valles V, Rios-Torres JM, Franco A, Olaiz G, Rull JA, Sepulveda J: High prevalence of metabolic syndrome in Mexico. Arch Med Res. 2004, 35: 76-81. 10.1016/j.arcmed.2003.06.006.CrossRefPubMed

26.

Chien KL, Hsu HC, Chen WJ, Chen MF, Su TC, Lee YT: Familial aggregation of metabolic syndrome among the Chinese: Report from the Chin-Shan community family study. Diabetes Res Clin Pract. 2006

27.

Dekker JM, Girman C, Rhodes T, Nijpels G, Stehouwer CD, Bouter LM, Heine RJ: Metabolic syndrome and 10-year cardiovascular disease risk in the Hoorn Study. Circulation. 2005, 112: 666-673. 10.1161/CIRCULATIONAHA.104.516948.CrossRefPubMed

28.

Hu G, Qiao Q, Tuomilehto J, Balkau B, Borch-Johnsen K, Pyorala K: Prevalence of the metabolic syndrome and its relation to all-cause and cardiovascular mortality in nondiabetic European men and women. Arch Intern Med. 2004, 164: 1066-1076. 10.1001/archinte.164.10.1066.CrossRefPubMed

29.

Kraja AT, Rao DC, Weder AB, Mosley TH, Turner ST, Hsiung CA, Quertermous T, Cooper R, Curb JD, Province MA: An evaluation of the metabolic syndrome in a large multi-ethnic study: the Family Blood Pressure Program. Nutr Metab (Lond). 2005, 2: 17-10.1186/1743-7075-2-17.CrossRef

30.

Mahaney MC, Blangero J, Comuzzie AG, VandeBerg JL, Stern MP, MacCluer JW: Plasma HDL cholesterol, triglycerides, and adiposity. A quantitative genetic test of the conjoint trait hypothesis in the San Antonio Family Heart Study. Circulation. 1995, 92: 3240-3248.CrossRefPubMed

31.

Miccoli R, Bianchi C, Odoguardi L, Penno G, Caricato F, Giovannitti MG, Pucci L, Del Prato S: Prevalence of the metabolic syndrome among Italian adults according to ATP III definition. Nutr Metab Cardiovasc Dis. 2005, 15: 250-254. 10.1016/j.numecd.2004.09.002.CrossRefPubMed

32.

Dallongeville J, Cottel D, Arveiler D, Tauber JP, Bingham A, Wagner A, Fauvel J, Ferrieres J, Ducimetiere P, Amouyel P: The association of metabolic disorders with the metabolic syndrome is different in men and women. Ann Nutr Metab. 2004, 48: 43-50. 10.1159/000075304.CrossRefPubMed

The pre-publication history for this paper can be accessed here:http://www.biomedcentral.com/1471-2350/9/32/prepub

Title: Heritability of cardiovascular risk factors in a Brazilian population: Baependi Heart Study
Authors: Camila M de Oliveira
Alexandre C Pereira
Mariza de Andrade
Júlia M Soler
José E Krieger
Publication date: 01-12-2008
Publisher: BioMed Central
Published in: BMC Medical Genetics / Issue 1/2008
Electronic ISSN: 1471-2350
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1186/1471-2350-9-32

Keynote webinar | Spotlight on medication adherence

Springer Medicine

Heritability of cardiovascular risk factors in a Brazilian population: Baependi Heart Study

Abstract

Background

Methods

Results

Conclusion

Keynote webinar | Spotlight on medication adherence

Springer Medicine

Abstract

Background

Methods

Results

Conclusion

Please log in to get access to this content

Other articles of this Issue 1/2008

Immunological profile in a family with nephrogenic diabetes insipidus with a novel 11 kb deletion in AVPR2 and ARHGAP4 genes

Ser80Ile mutation and a concurrent Pro25Leu variant of the VHL gene in an extended Hungarian von Hippel-Lindau family

Failure to replicate an association of SNPs in the oxidized LDL receptor gene (OLR1) with CAD

Genetic and functional association of FAM5C with myocardial infarction

Significant association of SREBP-2genetic polymorphisms with avascular necrosis in the Korean population

Array based characterization of a terminal deletion involving chromosome subband 15q26.2: an emerging syndrome associated with growth retardation, cardiac defects and developmental delay