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Current Oral Health Reports

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Open Access 29-02-2024 | Oral Microbiota

Evolutionary History of Periodontitis and the Oral Microbiota—Lessons for the Future

Authors: Shashikiran Shanmugasundaram, Namratha Nayak, Shaswata Karmakar, Aditi Chopra, Ramya Arangaraju

Published in: Current Oral Health Reports | Issue 2/2024

Abstract

Purpose of Review

Currently, periodontal disease is the sixth most prevalent disease in the world. Emerging evidence suggests the possibility of pre-historic humans having relatively low occurrences of oral diseases, particularly periodontitis when compared to modern humans. In this review, we look back into the history of Homo sapiens and explore the emerging scientific literature to discuss the evolution of the human oral microbiota and the prevalence of periodontitis from pre-historic to modern times.

Recent Findings

Most of the scientific literature points to a more health-associated, eubiotic oral microbiota and a seemingly lower prevalence of periodontitis in pre-historic humans compared to modern times. The oral microbiome has evolved along with humans. Humans of the contemporary era are exposed to a far greater number of risk factors for periodontal disease. Also, major lifestyle changes induced by the agricultural revolution and the industrial revolution have led to the development of a more dysbiotic oral microbiota and a rise in the prevalence of periodontitis in modern humans.

Summary

An understanding of the prevalence of periodontitis across human history, the evolution of the oral microbiota, and the factors that influenced its nature and complexity helps identify and modify the disease-associated lifestyle factors acquired through modernization to manage the common worldwide problem of periodontitis.

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Title: Evolutionary History of Periodontitis and the Oral Microbiota—Lessons for the Future
Authors: Shashikiran Shanmugasundaram
Namratha Nayak
Shaswata Karmakar
Aditi Chopra
Ramya Arangaraju
Publication date: 29-02-2024
Publisher: Springer International Publishing
Keywords: Oral Microbiota
Gingival Diseases
Respiratory Microbiota
Published in: Current Oral Health Reports / Issue 2/2024
Electronic ISSN: 2196-3002
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s40496-024-00370-7

At a glance: The STEP trials

Springer Medicine

Evolutionary History of Periodontitis and the Oral Microbiota—Lessons for the Future

Abstract

Purpose of Review

Recent Findings

Summary

At a glance: The STEP trials

Springer Medicine

Abstract

Purpose of Review

Recent Findings

Summary

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Correction to: Evolutionary History of Periodontitis and the Oral Microbiota—Lessons for the Future