Skip to main content
Top
Published in: European Archives of Paediatric Dentistry 3/2019

01-06-2019 | Autism Spectrum Disorder | Original Scientific Article

Toothbrushing training programme using an iPad® for children and adolescents with autism

Authors: S. Lopez Cazaux, G. Lefer, A. Rouches, P. Bourdon

Published in: European Archives of Paediatric Dentistry | Issue 3/2019

Login to get access

Abstract

Aim

To improve the oral health of children and teenagers with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) by using an iPad®-based training programme.

Methods

Fifty-two children and teenagers with ASD (aged 3–19 years) educated in schools or in care centres participated in this cohort study and followed for 8 months. A training programme for teaching toothbrushing behaviours was proposed to the educational staff. Quotation grids enabled assessment of the programme’s efficacy.

Results

Showed an improvement in toothbrushing. The children’s autonomy increased and oral care was more easily implemented when steps were taken by the caregivers. Wilcoxon analysis showed significant improvement in each variable related to toothbrushing.

Conclusions

The iPad® is an attractive and easy device for people with ASD to use. Its use in a training programme for teaching toothbrushing behaviours was efficient.
Literature
go back to reference American Academy of Pediatric Dentistry. Guideline on caries-risk assessment and management for infants, children, and adolescents. Pediatr Dent. 2013;35:E157–64. American Academy of Pediatric Dentistry. Guideline on caries-risk assessment and management for infants, children, and adolescents. Pediatr Dent. 2013;35:E157–64.
go back to reference American Psychiatric Association. Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders. 5th edn. Washington: American Psychiatric Publishing; 2013.CrossRef American Psychiatric Association. Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders. 5th edn. Washington: American Psychiatric Publishing; 2013.CrossRef
go back to reference Ash ES. Forming Impressions of Personality. J Abnorm Soc Psychol. 1946;41:258–90.CrossRef Ash ES. Forming Impressions of Personality. J Abnorm Soc Psychol. 1946;41:258–90.CrossRef
go back to reference Asma’a MS, Badr SB, Rashed MA. Effectiveness of audiovisual modeling on the behavioral change toward oral and dental care in children with autism. Indian J Dent. 2013;4:184–90.CrossRef Asma’a MS, Badr SB, Rashed MA. Effectiveness of audiovisual modeling on the behavioral change toward oral and dental care in children with autism. Indian J Dent. 2013;4:184–90.CrossRef
go back to reference Baranek GT, Boyd BA, Poe MD, et al. Hyperresponsive sensory patterns in young children with autism, developmental delay, and typical development. Am J Ment Retard. 2007;112:233–45.CrossRefPubMed Baranek GT, Boyd BA, Poe MD, et al. Hyperresponsive sensory patterns in young children with autism, developmental delay, and typical development. Am J Ment Retard. 2007;112:233–45.CrossRefPubMed
go back to reference Baron-Cohen S, Ashwin E, Ashwin C, et al. Talent in autism: hyper-systemising, hyper-attention to detail and sensory hypersensitivity. Philos Trans R Soc Lond B Biol Sci. 2009;364:1377–83.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral Baron-Cohen S, Ashwin E, Ashwin C, et al. Talent in autism: hyper-systemising, hyper-attention to detail and sensory hypersensitivity. Philos Trans R Soc Lond B Biol Sci. 2009;364:1377–83.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral
go back to reference Bishop MR, Kenzer AL, Coffman CM, et al. Using stimulus fading without escape extinction to increase compliance with toothbrushing in children with autism. Res Autism Spec Disord. 2013;7:680–6.CrossRef Bishop MR, Kenzer AL, Coffman CM, et al. Using stimulus fading without escape extinction to increase compliance with toothbrushing in children with autism. Res Autism Spec Disord. 2013;7:680–6.CrossRef
go back to reference Brickhouse TH, Farrington FH, Best AM, Ellsworth CW. Barriers to dental care for children in Virginia with autism spectrum disorders. J Dent Child (Chic). 2009;76:188–93. Brickhouse TH, Farrington FH, Best AM, Ellsworth CW. Barriers to dental care for children in Virginia with autism spectrum disorders. J Dent Child (Chic). 2009;76:188–93.
go back to reference Campbell RL, Richie DM. Problems in the theory of developmental sequences. Hum Dev. 1983;26:156–72.CrossRef Campbell RL, Richie DM. Problems in the theory of developmental sequences. Hum Dev. 1983;26:156–72.CrossRef
go back to reference Delli K, Reichart PA, Bornstein MM, Livas C. Management of children with autism spectrum disorder in the dental setting: concerns, behavioural approaches and recommendations. Med Oral Patol Oral Cir Bucal. 2013;18:e862.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral Delli K, Reichart PA, Bornstein MM, Livas C. Management of children with autism spectrum disorder in the dental setting: concerns, behavioural approaches and recommendations. Med Oral Patol Oral Cir Bucal. 2013;18:e862.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral
go back to reference Dias GG, Prado EF, Vadasz E, Siqueira JTT. Evaluation of the efficacy of a dental plaque control program in autistic patients. J Autism Dev Disord. 2010;40:704–8.CrossRefPubMed Dias GG, Prado EF, Vadasz E, Siqueira JTT. Evaluation of the efficacy of a dental plaque control program in autistic patients. J Autism Dev Disord. 2010;40:704–8.CrossRefPubMed
go back to reference Gandhi RP, Klein U. Autism spectrum disorders: an update on oral health management. J Evid Based Dent Pract. 2014;14:115–26.CrossRefPubMed Gandhi RP, Klein U. Autism spectrum disorders: an update on oral health management. J Evid Based Dent Pract. 2014;14:115–26.CrossRefPubMed
go back to reference Hernandez P, Ikkanda Z. Applied behavior analysis: behavior management of children with autism spectrum disorders in dental environments. J Am Dent Assoc. 2011;142:281–7.CrossRefPubMed Hernandez P, Ikkanda Z. Applied behavior analysis: behavior management of children with autism spectrum disorders in dental environments. J Am Dent Assoc. 2011;142:281–7.CrossRefPubMed
go back to reference Kagohara DM, van der Meer L, Ramdoss, et al. Using iPods® and iPads® in teaching programs for individuals with developmental disabilities: a systematic review. Res Dev Disabil. 2013;34:147–56.CrossRefPubMed Kagohara DM, van der Meer L, Ramdoss, et al. Using iPods® and iPads® in teaching programs for individuals with developmental disabilities: a systematic review. Res Dev Disabil. 2013;34:147–56.CrossRefPubMed
go back to reference Kemp F. Alternatives: a review of non-pharmacologic approaches to increasing the cooperation of patients with special needs to inherently unpleasant dental procedures. Behav Anal Today. 2005;6:88.CrossRef Kemp F. Alternatives: a review of non-pharmacologic approaches to increasing the cooperation of patients with special needs to inherently unpleasant dental procedures. Behav Anal Today. 2005;6:88.CrossRef
go back to reference Knight V, Sartini E, Spriggs AD. Evaluating visual activity schedules as evidence-based practice for individuals with autism spectrum disorders. J Autism Dev Disord. 2015;45:157–78.CrossRefPubMed Knight V, Sartini E, Spriggs AD. Evaluating visual activity schedules as evidence-based practice for individuals with autism spectrum disorders. J Autism Dev Disord. 2015;45:157–78.CrossRefPubMed
go back to reference Koyama T, Wang HT. Use of activity schedule to promote independent performance of individuals with autism and other intellectual disabilities: a review. Res Dev Disabil. 2011;32:2235–42.CrossRefPubMed Koyama T, Wang HT. Use of activity schedule to promote independent performance of individuals with autism and other intellectual disabilities: a review. Res Dev Disabil. 2011;32:2235–42.CrossRefPubMed
go back to reference Lai B, Milano M, Roberts MW, Hooper SR. Unmet dental needs and barriers to dental care among children with autism spectrum disorders. J Autism Dev Disord. 2012;42:1294–303.CrossRefPubMed Lai B, Milano M, Roberts MW, Hooper SR. Unmet dental needs and barriers to dental care among children with autism spectrum disorders. J Autism Dev Disord. 2012;42:1294–303.CrossRefPubMed
go back to reference Lewis C, Vigo L, Novak L, Klein EJ. Listening to parents: a qualitative look at the dental and oral care experiences of children with autism spectrum disorder. Pediatr Dent. 2015;37:98E–104E. Lewis C, Vigo L, Novak L, Klein EJ. Listening to parents: a qualitative look at the dental and oral care experiences of children with autism spectrum disorder. Pediatr Dent. 2015;37:98E–104E.
go back to reference Loo CY, Graham RM, Hughes CV. Behaviour guidance in dental treatment of patients with autism spectrum disorder. Int J Paediatr Dent. 2009;19:390–8.CrossRefPubMed Loo CY, Graham RM, Hughes CV. Behaviour guidance in dental treatment of patients with autism spectrum disorder. Int J Paediatr Dent. 2009;19:390–8.CrossRefPubMed
go back to reference Marshall J, Sheller B, Mancl L. Caries-risk assessment and caries status of children with autism. Pediatr Dent. 2010;32:69–75.PubMed Marshall J, Sheller B, Mancl L. Caries-risk assessment and caries status of children with autism. Pediatr Dent. 2010;32:69–75.PubMed
go back to reference Mercier C, Bourdon P, Bourdet JF. The time of the child with autism and the time of the professional: adopt the rhythm of the learner in order to facilitate the access to new learning. Distances et médiations des savoirs. Distance Mediat Knowl. 2016;16. (French). Mercier C, Bourdon P, Bourdet JF. The time of the child with autism and the time of the professional: adopt the rhythm of the learner in order to facilitate the access to new learning. Distances et médiations des savoirs. Distance Mediat Knowl. 2016;16. (French).
go back to reference Nelson TM, Sheller B, Friedman CS, et al. Educational and therapeutic behavioral approaches to providing dental care for patients with autism spectrum disorder. Spec Care Dent. 2015;35:105–13.CrossRef Nelson TM, Sheller B, Friedman CS, et al. Educational and therapeutic behavioral approaches to providing dental care for patients with autism spectrum disorder. Spec Care Dent. 2015;35:105–13.CrossRef
go back to reference Pilebro C, Bäckman B. Teaching oral hygiene to children with autism. Int J Paediatr Dent. 2005;15:1–9.CrossRefPubMed Pilebro C, Bäckman B. Teaching oral hygiene to children with autism. Int J Paediatr Dent. 2005;15:1–9.CrossRefPubMed
go back to reference Popple B, Wall C, Flink L, et al. Brief report: remotely delivered video modeling for improving oral hygiene in children with ASD: a pilot study. J Autism Dev Disord. 2016;46:2791–6.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral Popple B, Wall C, Flink L, et al. Brief report: remotely delivered video modeling for improving oral hygiene in children with ASD: a pilot study. J Autism Dev Disord. 2016;46:2791–6.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral
go back to reference Stein LI, Polido JC, Najera SOL, Cermak SA. Oral care experiences and challenges in children with autism spectrum disorders. Pediat Dent. 2012;34:387–91. Stein LI, Polido JC, Najera SOL, Cermak SA. Oral care experiences and challenges in children with autism spectrum disorders. Pediat Dent. 2012;34:387–91.
go back to reference Stein LI, Polido JC, Cermak SA. Oral care and sensory over-responsivity in children with autism spectrum disorders. Pediatr Dent. 2013;35:230–5.PubMed Stein LI, Polido JC, Cermak SA. Oral care and sensory over-responsivity in children with autism spectrum disorders. Pediatr Dent. 2013;35:230–5.PubMed
go back to reference Udhya J, Varadharaja MM, Parthiban J. Autism disorder (AD): an updated review for paediatric dentists. J Clin Diagn Res. 2014;8:275. Udhya J, Varadharaja MM, Parthiban J. Autism disorder (AD): an updated review for paediatric dentists. J Clin Diagn Res. 2014;8:275.
go back to reference Weil TN, Inglehart MR. Three-to 21-year-old patients with autism spectrum disorders: parents’ perceptions of severity of symptoms, oral health and oral health-related behavior. Pediatr Dent. 2012;34:473–9.PubMed Weil TN, Inglehart MR. Three-to 21-year-old patients with autism spectrum disorders: parents’ perceptions of severity of symptoms, oral health and oral health-related behavior. Pediatr Dent. 2012;34:473–9.PubMed
Metadata
Title
Toothbrushing training programme using an iPad® for children and adolescents with autism
Authors
S. Lopez Cazaux
G. Lefer
A. Rouches
P. Bourdon
Publication date
01-06-2019
Publisher
Springer Berlin Heidelberg
Published in
European Archives of Paediatric Dentistry / Issue 3/2019
Print ISSN: 1818-6300
Electronic ISSN: 1996-9805
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1007/s40368-018-0396-y

Other articles of this Issue 3/2019

European Archives of Paediatric Dentistry 3/2019 Go to the issue

Editorial

Editorial