Top

European Archives of Paediatric Dentistry

Published in:

01-10-2019 | Original Scientific Article

In vitro comparison between apex locators, direct and radiographic techniques for determining the root canal length in primary teeth

Authors: L. Z. Adriano, J. C. Barasuol, M. Cardoso, M. Bolan

Published in: European Archives of Paediatric Dentistry | Issue 5/2019

Abstract

Aim

To compare the accuracy of three electronic apex locators in the measurement of the root length of primary teeth with the radiographic and direct visual techniques.

Methods

The sample of the in vitro study was 102 root canals of primary molars. For the direct visual technique, the root canal file was introduced into the canal until its tip passed the apical foramen, then it was moved back to the limit of the foramen or root resorption and the measurement was made with a millimetre ruler. For the radiographic measurement, a calibrated and blinded researcher (κ > 0.87) measured the root canals using the same rule. Measurements with apex locators were performed by inserting the file into the canal until the word “Apex” or audible warning to indicate the foramen or resorption. For data analysis, one-way ANOVA for repeated measurements and the Sidak post hoc tests were performed.

Results

The direct measurement (µ = 8.57) did not present statistical difference when compared to the Root ZX II measurement (µ = 8.45), as opposed to the radiographic measurements (µ = 8.12), the Endus (µ = 8.24) and iPex II (µ = 8.29).

Conclusion

The use of apex locators was superior to the radiographic method and the Root ZX II was the most effective.

Abdullah A, Singh N, Rathore MS, Tandon S, Rajkumar B. Comparative evaluation of electronic apex locators and radiovisiography for working length determination in primary teeth in vivo. Int J Clin Pediatr Dent. 2016;2(9):118–23.

Ahmad IA, Pani SC. Accuracy of electronic apex locators in primary teeth: a meta-analysis. Int Endod J. 2015;48(3):298–307.PubMedCrossRef

Ahmed HM. Anatomical challenges, electronic working length determination and current developments in root canal preparation of primary molar teeth. Int Endod J. 2013;46(11):1011–22.PubMed

Angwaravong O, Panitvisai P. Accuracy of an electronic apex locator in primary teeth with root resorption. Int Endod J. 2009;42(2):115–21.PubMedCrossRef

Beltrame AP, Triches TC, Sartori N, Bolan M. Electronic determination of root canal working length in primary molar teeth: an in vivo and ex vivo study. Int Endod J. 2011;44(5):402–6.PubMedCrossRef

Bhat VK, Shetty P, Anandakrishna L. A Comparative evaluation of accuracy of new-generation electronic apex locator with conventional radiography to determine working length in primary teeth: an in vivo study. Int J Clin Pediatr Dent. 2017;10(1):34–6.PubMedPubMedCentralCrossRef

Borges MMB, Guimarães BM, Alves JD, et al. Evaluation of the accuracy of two apex locators in apical limit: an in vitro study. Rev Odontol Bras Central. 2016;25(74):126–9.

Carvalho ANL, Moura-Netto C, Moura AAM, Marques MM, Davidowicz H. Accuracy of three electronic apex locators in the presence of different irrigating solutions. Braz Oral Res. 2010;24(4):394–8.PubMedCrossRef

Chen X, Liu X, Zhong J. Clinical and radiographic evaluation of pulpectomy in primary teeth: a 18-months clinical randomized controlled trial. Head Face Med. 2017;13(1):12.PubMedPubMedCentralCrossRef

Dandempally A, Muppa R, Duddu MK, Bhupatiraju P, Nallanchakrava S. Formulating a regression equation for determination of working length in primary molars using apex locators: a clinical study. Eur Arch Paediatr Dent. 2013;14(6):369–74.PubMedCrossRef

Govindaraju L, Jeevanandan G, Subramanian EMG. Comparison of quality of obturation and instrumentation time using hand files and two rotary file systems in primary molars: a single-blinded randomized controlled trial. Eur J Dent. 2017;11(3):376–9.PubMedPubMedCentralCrossRef

Jenkins JA, Walker WA, Schindler WG, Flores CM. An in vitro evaluation of the accuracy of the Root ZX in the presence of various irrigants. J Endod. 2001;27(3):209–11.PubMedCrossRef

Kielbassa AM, Muller U, Munz I, Monting JS. Clinical evaluation of the measuring accuracy of ROOT ZX in primary teeth. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol Oral Radiol Endod. 2003;95(1):94–100.PubMedCrossRef

Kumar LV, Sreelakshmi N, Reddy ER, et al. Clinical evaluation of conventional radiography, radiovisiography, and an electronic apex locator in determining the working length in primary teeth. Pediatr Dent. 2016;38(1):37–41.PubMed

Leonardo MR, Silva LA, Nelson-Filho P, Silva RA, Raffaini MS. Ex vivo evaluation of the accuracy of two electronic apex locators during root canal length determination in primary teeth. Int Endod J. 2008;41(4):317–21.PubMedCrossRef

Mello-Moura AC, Moura-Netto C, Araki AT, Guedes-Pinto AC, Mendes FM. Ex vivo performance of five methods for root canal length determination in primary anterior teeth. Int Endod J. 2010;43(2):142–7.PubMedCrossRef

Mente J, Seidel J, Buchalla W, Koch MJ. Electronic determination of root canal length in primary teeth with and without root resorption. Int Endod J. 2002;35(5):447–52.PubMedCrossRef

Navit S, Jaiswal N, Khan SA, et al. Antimicrobial efficacy of contemporary obturating materials used in primary teeth—an in-vitro study. journal of clinical and diagnostic research. J Clin Diagn Res. 2016;10(9):ZC09–12.PubMedPubMedCentral

Nelson-Filho P, Romualdo PC, Bonifácio KC, et al. Accuracy of the iPex multi-frequency electronic apex locator in primary molars: an ex vivo study. Int Endod J. 2011;44(4):303–6.PubMedCrossRef

Oznurhan F, Ünal M, Kapdan A, Ozturk C, Aksoy S. Clinical evaluation of apex locator and radiography in primary teeth. Int J Paediatr Dent. 2015;25(3):199–203.PubMedCrossRef

Parisay I, Ghoddusi J, Forghanib M. A review on vital pulp therapy in primary teeth. Iran Endod J. 2015;10(1):6–15.PubMed

Patiño-Marín N, Zavala-Alonso NV, Martínez-Castañón GA, et al. Clinical evaluation of the accuracy of conventional radiography and apex locators in primary teeth. Pediatr Dent. 2011;33(1):19–22.PubMed

Saritha S, Uloopi KS, Vinay C, Chandra SR, Rao VV. Clinical evaluation of Root ZX II electronic apex locator in primary teeth. Eur Arch Paediatr Dent. 2012;13(1):32–5.PubMedCrossRef

Tosun G, Erdemir A, Eldeniz AU, Sermet U, Sener Y. Accuracy of two electronic apex locators in primary teeth with and without apical resorption: a laboratory study. Int Endod J. 2008;41(5):436–41.PubMedCrossRef

Vasconcelos BC, Bueno MM, Luna-Cruz SM, Duarte MA, Fernandes CA. Accuracy of five electronic foramen locators with different operating systems: an ex vivo study. J Appl Oral Sci. 2013;21(2):132–7.PubMedPubMedCentralCrossRef

Title: In vitro comparison between apex locators, direct and radiographic techniques for determining the root canal length in primary teeth
Authors: L. Z. Adriano
J. C. Barasuol
M. Cardoso
M. Bolan
Publication date: 01-10-2019
Publisher: Springer Berlin Heidelberg
Published in: European Archives of Paediatric Dentistry / Issue 5/2019
Print ISSN: 1818-6300
Electronic ISSN: 1996-9805
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s40368-018-00413-5

At a glance: The ONWARDS insulin icodec trials

Springer Medicine

In vitro comparison between apex locators, direct and radiographic techniques for determining the root canal length in primary teeth

Abstract

Aim

Methods

Results

Conclusion

At a glance: The ONWARDS insulin icodec trials

Springer Medicine

Abstract

Aim

Methods

Results

Conclusion

Please log in to get access to this content

Other articles of this Issue 5/2019

Long-term clinical performance of heat-cured high-viscosity glass ionomer class II restorations versus resin-based composites in primary molars: a randomized comparison trial

Response to the letter to the Editor from Dr. Alexandre Rezende Vieira, entitled ‘Prevalence of molar incisor hypomineralisation has a North–South gradient between Europe and North Africa’

Oral health-related quality of life in children using the child perception questionnaire CPQ11-14: a review

Comparison of post-operative pain after root canal instrumentation with hand K-files, H-files and rotary Kedo-S files in primary teeth: a randomised clinical trial

Acquisition of Streptococcus mutans and dental caries experience in pediatric sickle cell anaemia patients under various prophylactic therapies

Difficulties in identifying developmental defects of the enamel: a BITA study