Skip to main content
Top
Published in: European Archives of Paediatric Dentistry 1/2016

Open Access 01-02-2016 | Review

EAPD interim seminar and workshop in Brussels May 9 2015

Non-invasive caries treatment

Authors: C. van Loveren, W. van Palenstein Helderman

Published in: European Archives of Paediatric Dentistry | Issue 1/2016

Login to get access

Abstract

Aim

This was to collect information for the 9th European Academy of Paediatric Dentistry Interim Seminar and Workshops to discuss the state of art on non-invasive caries therapy to be used if possible to formulate clinical guidelines by European experts in paediatric dentistry

Methods

Based on systematic reviews and additional papers were assessed for methods to prevent caries initiation and caries progression both in the state of pre-cavitation and cavitation without invasive technologies.

Results

The use of fluoridated water, careful diligent daily use of fluoride toothpaste, fluoride varnishes, pit and fissure sealants and leak-proof restorative materials without excavation of caries are evidence based for caries prevention and for non-invasive treatment of pre-cavitated and cavitated caries. Other technologies are far less evidenced based and would not logically fit in guidelines for the non-invasive treatment of caries. Recent studies on cavitated lesions in the primary dentition demonstrate that thorough oral hygiene practices may arrest progression. This strategy depends heavily on the strategies in the dental surgery to change behaviour of children. An important aspect is for advice to be tailored at recall intervals to ensure compliance and to timely detect unnecessary and unwanted progression of the lesions.

Conclusion

Non-invasive therapies have been proven to be effective for caries prevention and the management of pre-cavitated caries lesions. Non-invasive therapies can also be effective to arrest cavitated lesions but the success depends greatly on behavioural changes of patients to brush the lesions.
Literature
go back to reference Abanto J, Celiberti P, Braga MM, et al. Effectiveness of a preventive program based on caries risk assessment and recall intervals on the incidence and regression of initial caries lesions in children. Int J Paediatr Dent. 2015;25:291–9.CrossRefPubMed Abanto J, Celiberti P, Braga MM, et al. Effectiveness of a preventive program based on caries risk assessment and recall intervals on the incidence and regression of initial caries lesions in children. Int J Paediatr Dent. 2015;25:291–9.CrossRefPubMed
go back to reference Ahovuo-Saloranta A, Forss H, Walsh T et al. Sealants for preventing dental decay in the permanent teeth. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2013; 3:Cd001830. Ahovuo-Saloranta A, Forss H, Walsh T et al. Sealants for preventing dental decay in the permanent teeth. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2013; 3:Cd001830.
go back to reference Ammari AB, Bloch-Zupan A, Ashley PF. Systematic review of studies comparing the anti-caries efficacy of children’s toothpaste containing 600 ppm of fluoride or less with high fluoride toothpastes of 1,000 ppm or above. Caries Res. 2003;37:85–92.CrossRefPubMed Ammari AB, Bloch-Zupan A, Ashley PF. Systematic review of studies comparing the anti-caries efficacy of children’s toothpaste containing 600 ppm of fluoride or less with high fluoride toothpastes of 1,000 ppm or above. Caries Res. 2003;37:85–92.CrossRefPubMed
go back to reference Bader JD, Shugars DA, Bonito AJ. A systematic review of selected caries prevention and management methods. Community Dent Oral Epidemiol. 2001;29:399–411.CrossRefPubMed Bader JD, Shugars DA, Bonito AJ. A systematic review of selected caries prevention and management methods. Community Dent Oral Epidemiol. 2001;29:399–411.CrossRefPubMed
go back to reference Braga MM, Mendes FM, De Benedetto MS, Imparato JC. Effect of silver diammine fluoride on incipient caries lesions in erupting permanent first molars: a pilot study. J Dent Child (Chic). 2009;76:28–33. Braga MM, Mendes FM, De Benedetto MS, Imparato JC. Effect of silver diammine fluoride on incipient caries lesions in erupting permanent first molars: a pilot study. J Dent Child (Chic). 2009;76:28–33.
go back to reference Cascaes AM, Bielemann RM, Clark VL, Barros AJ. Effectiveness of motivational interviewing at improving oral health: a systematic review. Rev Saude Publica. 2014;48:142–53.PubMedCentralCrossRefPubMed Cascaes AM, Bielemann RM, Clark VL, Barros AJ. Effectiveness of motivational interviewing at improving oral health: a systematic review. Rev Saude Publica. 2014;48:142–53.PubMedCentralCrossRefPubMed
go back to reference Carvalho JC, Thylstrup A, Ekstrand KR. Results after 3 years of non-operative occlusal caries treatment of erupting permanent first molars. Community Dent Oral Epidemiol. 1992;20:187–92.CrossRefPubMed Carvalho JC, Thylstrup A, Ekstrand KR. Results after 3 years of non-operative occlusal caries treatment of erupting permanent first molars. Community Dent Oral Epidemiol. 1992;20:187–92.CrossRefPubMed
go back to reference Chu CH, Lo EC, Lin HC. Effectiveness of silver diamine fluoride and sodium fluoride varnish in arresting dentin caries in Chinese pre-school children. J Dent Res. 2002;81:767–70.CrossRefPubMed Chu CH, Lo EC, Lin HC. Effectiveness of silver diamine fluoride and sodium fluoride varnish in arresting dentin caries in Chinese pre-school children. J Dent Res. 2002;81:767–70.CrossRefPubMed
go back to reference Ekstrand KR, Christiansen ME. Outcomes of a non-operative caries treatment programme for children and adolescents. Caries Res. 2005;39:455–67.CrossRefPubMed Ekstrand KR, Christiansen ME. Outcomes of a non-operative caries treatment programme for children and adolescents. Caries Res. 2005;39:455–67.CrossRefPubMed
go back to reference Ekstrand KR, Kuzmina IN, Kuzmina E, Christiansen ME. Two and a half-year outcome of caries-preventive programs offered to groups of children in the Solntsevsky district of Moscow. Caries Res. 2000;34:8–19.CrossRefPubMed Ekstrand KR, Kuzmina IN, Kuzmina E, Christiansen ME. Two and a half-year outcome of caries-preventive programs offered to groups of children in the Solntsevsky district of Moscow. Caries Res. 2000;34:8–19.CrossRefPubMed
go back to reference Evans RW, Dennison PJ. The caries management system: an evidence-based preventive strategy for dental practitioners. Application for children and adolescents. Aust Dent J. 2009;54:381–9.CrossRefPubMed Evans RW, Dennison PJ. The caries management system: an evidence-based preventive strategy for dental practitioners. Application for children and adolescents. Aust Dent J. 2009;54:381–9.CrossRefPubMed
go back to reference Fejerskov O, Escobar G, Øssing J, Baelum V. A functional natural dentition for all—and for life? The oral healthcare system needs revision. J Oral Rehabil. 2013;40:707–22.CrossRefPubMed Fejerskov O, Escobar G, Øssing J, Baelum V. A functional natural dentition for all—and for life? The oral healthcare system needs revision. J Oral Rehabil. 2013;40:707–22.CrossRefPubMed
go back to reference Fejerskov O, Cury JA, Tenuta LM, Marinho VC. Fluorides in caries control. In: Fejerskov O, Nyvad B, Kidd E Dental caries. The disease and its clinical management 3rd. Publ 2015, Wiley Fejerskov O, Cury JA, Tenuta LM, Marinho VC. Fluorides in caries control. In: Fejerskov O, Nyvad B, Kidd E Dental caries. The disease and its clinical management 3rd. Publ 2015, Wiley
go back to reference Gao X, Lo EC, Kot SC. Wai Chan KC. Motivational interviewing in improving oral health: a systematic review of randomized controlled trials. J Periodontol. 2014;85:426–37.CrossRefPubMed Gao X, Lo EC, Kot SC. Wai Chan KC. Motivational interviewing in improving oral health: a systematic review of randomized controlled trials. J Periodontol. 2014;85:426–37.CrossRefPubMed
go back to reference Griffin SO, Oong E, Kohn W, Vidakovic B, Gooch BF; CDC Dental Sealant Systematic Review Work Group, Bader J, Clarkson J, Fontana MR, Meyer DM, Rozier RG, Weintraub JA, Zero DT. The effectiveness of sealants in managing caries lesions. J Dent Res. 2008;87:169–74 Griffin SO, Oong E, Kohn W, Vidakovic B, Gooch BF; CDC Dental Sealant Systematic Review Work Group, Bader J, Clarkson J, Fontana MR, Meyer DM, Rozier RG, Weintraub JA, Zero DT. The effectiveness of sealants in managing caries lesions. J Dent Res. 2008;87:169–74
go back to reference Groeneveld A, Backer Dirks O. Fluoridation of drinking water, past, present and future. In Fluoride in Dentistry 1st Ed by J Ekstrand, O Fejerskov, LM Silverstone. Publ 1988 by Munksgaard, Copenhagen. Groeneveld A, Backer Dirks O. Fluoridation of drinking water, past, present and future. In Fluoride in Dentistry 1st Ed by J Ekstrand, O Fejerskov, LM Silverstone. Publ 1988 by Munksgaard, Copenhagen.
go back to reference Gruythuysen RJ, van Strijp AJ, van Palestein Helderman WH, Frankenmolen FW. Non-restorative treatment of cavities in temporary dentition: effective and child-friendly. Ned Tijdschr Geneeskd. 2011;155(42):A3489 (Review. Dutch). Gruythuysen RJ, van Strijp AJ, van Palestein Helderman WH, Frankenmolen FW. Non-restorative treatment of cavities in temporary dentition: effective and child-friendly. Ned Tijdschr Geneeskd. 2011;155(42):A3489 (Review. Dutch).
go back to reference Hardman MC, Davies GM, Duxbury JT, Davies RM. A cluster randomised controlled trial to evaluate the effectiveness of fluoride varnish as a public health measure to reduce caries in children. Caries Res. 2007;41:371–6.CrossRefPubMed Hardman MC, Davies GM, Duxbury JT, Davies RM. A cluster randomised controlled trial to evaluate the effectiveness of fluoride varnish as a public health measure to reduce caries in children. Caries Res. 2007;41:371–6.CrossRefPubMed
go back to reference Harris R, Gamboa A, Dailey Y, Ashcroft A. One-to-one dietary interventions undertaken in a dental setting to change dietary behaviour. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2012;3:CD006540. Harris R, Gamboa A, Dailey Y, Ashcroft A. One-to-one dietary interventions undertaken in a dental setting to change dietary behaviour. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2012;3:CD006540.
go back to reference Harrison R, Benton T, Everson-Stewart S, Weinstein P. Effect of motivational interviewing on rates of early childhood caries: a randomized trial. Pediatr Dent. 2007;29:16–22.PubMed Harrison R, Benton T, Everson-Stewart S, Weinstein P. Effect of motivational interviewing on rates of early childhood caries: a randomized trial. Pediatr Dent. 2007;29:16–22.PubMed
go back to reference Hausen H, Kärkkäinen S, Seppä L. Application of the high-risk strategy to control dental caries. Community Dent Oral Epidemiol. 2000;28:26–34.CrossRefPubMed Hausen H, Kärkkäinen S, Seppä L. Application of the high-risk strategy to control dental caries. Community Dent Oral Epidemiol. 2000;28:26–34.CrossRefPubMed
go back to reference Hausen H, Seppä L, Poutanen R, et al. Non-invasive control of dental caries in children with active initial lesions a randomized clinical trial. Caries Res. 2007;41:384–91.CrossRefPubMed Hausen H, Seppä L, Poutanen R, et al. Non-invasive control of dental caries in children with active initial lesions a randomized clinical trial. Caries Res. 2007;41:384–91.CrossRefPubMed
go back to reference Heyduck C, Meller C, Schwahn C, Splieth CH. Effectiveness of sealants in adolescents with high and low caries experience. Caries Res. 2006;40:375–81.CrossRefPubMed Heyduck C, Meller C, Schwahn C, Splieth CH. Effectiveness of sealants in adolescents with high and low caries experience. Caries Res. 2006;40:375–81.CrossRefPubMed
go back to reference Innes NP, Evans DJ, Stirrups DR. Sealing caries in primary molars: randomized control trial, 5-year results. J Dent Res. 2011;90:1405–10.CrossRefPubMed Innes NP, Evans DJ, Stirrups DR. Sealing caries in primary molars: randomized control trial, 5-year results. J Dent Res. 2011;90:1405–10.CrossRefPubMed
go back to reference James P, Parnell C, Whelton H. The caries-preventive effect of chlorhexidine varnish in children and adolescents: a systematic review. Caries Res. 2010;44:333–40.CrossRefPubMed James P, Parnell C, Whelton H. The caries-preventive effect of chlorhexidine varnish in children and adolescents: a systematic review. Caries Res. 2010;44:333–40.CrossRefPubMed
go back to reference Kay E, Locker D. A systematic review of the effectiveness of health promotion aimed at improving oral health. Community Dent Health. 1998;15:132–44.PubMed Kay E, Locker D. A systematic review of the effectiveness of health promotion aimed at improving oral health. Community Dent Health. 1998;15:132–44.PubMed
go back to reference Kühnisch J, Ekstrand K, Pretty I, Twetman S, Van Loveren C, Gizani S, Loizides MS. Best clinical practice guidance for management of early caries lesions in children and young adults: an EAPD policy document. Eur Arch Paediatr Dent. 2016. doi:10.1007/s40368-015-0218-4 Kühnisch J, Ekstrand K, Pretty I, Twetman S, Van Loveren C, Gizani S, Loizides MS. Best clinical practice guidance for management of early caries lesions in children and young adults: an EAPD policy document. Eur Arch Paediatr Dent. 2016. doi:10.​1007/​s40368-015-0218-4
go back to reference Llodra JC, Rodriguez A, Ferrer B, et al. Efficacy of silver diamine fluoride for caries reduction in primary teeth and first permanent molars of schoolchildren: 36-month clinical trial. J Dent Res. 2005;84:721–4.CrossRefPubMed Llodra JC, Rodriguez A, Ferrer B, et al. Efficacy of silver diamine fluoride for caries reduction in primary teeth and first permanent molars of schoolchildren: 36-month clinical trial. J Dent Res. 2005;84:721–4.CrossRefPubMed
go back to reference Machiulskiene V, Richards A, Nyvad B, Baelum V. Prospective study of the effect of post-brushing rinsing behaviour on dental caries. Caries Res. 2002;36:301–7.CrossRefPubMed Machiulskiene V, Richards A, Nyvad B, Baelum V. Prospective study of the effect of post-brushing rinsing behaviour on dental caries. Caries Res. 2002;36:301–7.CrossRefPubMed
go back to reference Marinho VC, Higgins JP, Sheiham A, Logan S. Fluoride toothpastes for preventing dental caries in children and adolescents. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2003;1:Cd002278. Marinho VC, Higgins JP, Sheiham A, Logan S. Fluoride toothpastes for preventing dental caries in children and adolescents. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2003;1:Cd002278.
go back to reference Marinho VC, Higgins JP, Sheiham A, Logan S. One topical fluoride (toothpastes, or mouthrinses, or gels, or varnishes) versus another for preventing dental caries in children and adolescents. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2004a;1:Cd002780. Marinho VC, Higgins JP, Sheiham A, Logan S. One topical fluoride (toothpastes, or mouthrinses, or gels, or varnishes) versus another for preventing dental caries in children and adolescents. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2004a;1:Cd002780.
go back to reference Marinho VC, Higgins JP, Sheiham A, Logan S. Combinations of topical fluoride (toothpastes, mouthrinses, gels, varnishes) versus single topical fluoride for preventing dental caries in children and adolescents. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2004b;1:Cd002781. Marinho VC, Higgins JP, Sheiham A, Logan S. Combinations of topical fluoride (toothpastes, mouthrinses, gels, varnishes) versus single topical fluoride for preventing dental caries in children and adolescents. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2004b;1:Cd002781.
go back to reference Marinho VC, Worthington HV, Walsh T, Clarkson JE. Fluoride varnishes for preventing dental caries in children and adolescents. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2013; 7:Cd002279. Marinho VC, Worthington HV, Walsh T, Clarkson JE. Fluoride varnishes for preventing dental caries in children and adolescents. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2013; 7:Cd002279.
go back to reference Martignon S, Tellez M, Santamaría RM, Gomez J, Ekstrand KR. Sealing distal proximal caries lesions in first primary molars: efficacy after 2.5 years. Caries Res. 2010;44:562–70.CrossRefPubMed Martignon S, Tellez M, Santamaría RM, Gomez J, Ekstrand KR. Sealing distal proximal caries lesions in first primary molars: efficacy after 2.5 years. Caries Res. 2010;44:562–70.CrossRefPubMed
go back to reference Martignon S, Ekstrand KR, Gomez J, Lara JS, Cortes A. Infiltrating/sealing proximal caries lesions: a 3-year randomized clinical trial. J Dent Res. 2012;91:288–92.CrossRefPubMed Martignon S, Ekstrand KR, Gomez J, Lara JS, Cortes A. Infiltrating/sealing proximal caries lesions: a 3-year randomized clinical trial. J Dent Res. 2012;91:288–92.CrossRefPubMed
go back to reference Mejàre I, Lingström P, Petersson LG et al. Caries-preventive effect of fissure sealants: a systematic review. Acta Odontol Scand. 2003;61(6):321–30. (Review). Mejàre I, Lingström P, Petersson LG et al. Caries-preventive effect of fissure sealants: a systematic review. Acta Odontol Scand. 2003;61(6):321–30. (Review).
go back to reference Mejàre IA, Klingberg G, Mowafi FK, et al. A systematic map of systematic reviews in pediatric dentistry—what do we really know? PLoS One. 2015 Feb 23;10(2):e0117537. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0117537 (eCollection 2015). Mejàre IA, Klingberg G, Mowafi FK, et al. A systematic map of systematic reviews in pediatric dentistry—what do we really know? PLoS One. 2015 Feb 23;10(2):e0117537. doi: 10.​1371/​journal.​pone.​0117537 (eCollection 2015).
go back to reference Mertz-Fairhurst EJ, Curtis JW Jr, Ergle JW, Rueggeberg FA, Adair SM. Ultraconservative and cariostatic sealed restorations: results at year 10. J Am Dent Assoc. 1998;129:55–66.CrossRefPubMed Mertz-Fairhurst EJ, Curtis JW Jr, Ergle JW, Rueggeberg FA, Adair SM. Ultraconservative and cariostatic sealed restorations: results at year 10. J Am Dent Assoc. 1998;129:55–66.CrossRefPubMed
go back to reference Mijan M, Guedes de Amorim, Leal Sc et al. The 3.5-year survival rates of primary molars treated according to three treatment protocols: a controlled clinical trial. Clin Oral Invest. 2014;18:1061–9. Mijan M, Guedes de Amorim, Leal Sc et al. The 3.5-year survival rates of primary molars treated according to three treatment protocols: a controlled clinical trial. Clin Oral Invest. 2014;18:1061–9.
go back to reference Mjör IA, Holst D, Eriksen HM. Caries and restoration prevention. J Am Dent Assoc. 2008;139:565–70.CrossRefPubMed Mjör IA, Holst D, Eriksen HM. Caries and restoration prevention. J Am Dent Assoc. 2008;139:565–70.CrossRefPubMed
go back to reference Ng MW, Torresyap G, White A, et al. Disease management of early childhood caries: results of a pilot quality improvement project. J Health Care Poor Underserved. 2012;23:193–209.CrossRefPubMed Ng MW, Torresyap G, White A, et al. Disease management of early childhood caries: results of a pilot quality improvement project. J Health Care Poor Underserved. 2012;23:193–209.CrossRefPubMed
go back to reference Ng MW, Ramos-Gomez F, Lieberman M, et al. Disease Management of Early Childhood Caries: ECC Collaborative Project. Int J Dent. 2014 (Article ID 327801. Epub 2014 Mar 3). Ng MW, Ramos-Gomez F, Lieberman M, et al. Disease Management of Early Childhood Caries: ECC Collaborative Project. Int J Dent. 2014 (Article ID 327801. Epub 2014 Mar 3).
go back to reference Paris S, Hopfenmuller W, Meyer-Lueckel H. Resin infiltration of caries lesions: an efficacy randomized trial. J Dent Res. 2010;89:823–6.CrossRefPubMed Paris S, Hopfenmuller W, Meyer-Lueckel H. Resin infiltration of caries lesions: an efficacy randomized trial. J Dent Res. 2010;89:823–6.CrossRefPubMed
go back to reference Petersson LG, Twetman S, Dahlgren H, et al. Professional fluoride varnish treatment for caries control: a systematic review of clinical trials. Acta Odontol Scand. 2004;62:170–6.CrossRefPubMed Petersson LG, Twetman S, Dahlgren H, et al. Professional fluoride varnish treatment for caries control: a systematic review of clinical trials. Acta Odontol Scand. 2004;62:170–6.CrossRefPubMed
go back to reference Santamaria RM, Innes NPT, Machiulskiene V, Evans DJP, Splieth CH. Caries management strategies for primary molars: 1-yr randomized control trial results. J Dent Res. 2014. doi:10.1177/0022034514550717. Santamaria RM, Innes NPT, Machiulskiene V, Evans DJP, Splieth CH. Caries management strategies for primary molars: 1-yr randomized control trial results. J Dent Res. 2014. doi:10.​1177/​0022034514550717​.
go back to reference Sbaraini A, Carter SM, Evans RW, Blinkhorn A. How do dentists and their teams incorporate evidence about preventive care? An empirical study. Community Dent Oral Epidemiol. 2013;41:401–14.PubMed Sbaraini A, Carter SM, Evans RW, Blinkhorn A. How do dentists and their teams incorporate evidence about preventive care? An empirical study. Community Dent Oral Epidemiol. 2013;41:401–14.PubMed
go back to reference Shea BJ, Grimshaw JM, Wells GA, et al. Development of AMSTAR: a measurement tool to assess the methodological quality of systematic reviews. BMC Med Res Methodol. 2007;7:10.PubMedCentralCrossRefPubMed Shea BJ, Grimshaw JM, Wells GA, et al. Development of AMSTAR: a measurement tool to assess the methodological quality of systematic reviews. BMC Med Res Methodol. 2007;7:10.PubMedCentralCrossRefPubMed
go back to reference Sjögren K, Birkhed D, Rangmar B. Effect of a modified toothpaste technique on approximal caries in preschool children. Caries Res. 1995;29:435–41.CrossRefPubMed Sjögren K, Birkhed D, Rangmar B. Effect of a modified toothpaste technique on approximal caries in preschool children. Caries Res. 1995;29:435–41.CrossRefPubMed
go back to reference Slot DE, Vaandrager NC, Van Loveren C, Van Palenstein Helderman WH, Van der Weijden GA. The effect of chlorhexidine varnish on root caries: a systematic review. Caries Res. 2011;45:162–73.CrossRefPubMed Slot DE, Vaandrager NC, Van Loveren C, Van Palenstein Helderman WH, Van der Weijden GA. The effect of chlorhexidine varnish on root caries: a systematic review. Caries Res. 2011;45:162–73.CrossRefPubMed
go back to reference Tellez M, Gomez J, Kaur S, et al. Non-surgical management methods of noncavitated carious lesions. Community Dent Oral Epidemiol. 2013;41:79–96.CrossRefPubMed Tellez M, Gomez J, Kaur S, et al. Non-surgical management methods of noncavitated carious lesions. Community Dent Oral Epidemiol. 2013;41:79–96.CrossRefPubMed
go back to reference Twetman S, Axelsson S, Dahlgren H, et al. Caries-preventive effect of fluoride toothpaste: a systematic review. Acta Odontol Scand. 2003;61:347–55.CrossRefPubMed Twetman S, Axelsson S, Dahlgren H, et al. Caries-preventive effect of fluoride toothpaste: a systematic review. Acta Odontol Scand. 2003;61:347–55.CrossRefPubMed
go back to reference Twetman S. Antimicrobials in future caries control? A review with special reference to chlorhexidine treatment. Caries Res. 2004;38:223–9.CrossRefPubMed Twetman S. Antimicrobials in future caries control? A review with special reference to chlorhexidine treatment. Caries Res. 2004;38:223–9.CrossRefPubMed
go back to reference Twetman S, Petersson L, Axelsson S, et al. Caries-preventive effect of sodium fluoride mouthrinses: a systematic review of controlled clinical trials. Acta Odontol Scand. 2004;62:223–30.CrossRefPubMed Twetman S, Petersson L, Axelsson S, et al. Caries-preventive effect of sodium fluoride mouthrinses: a systematic review of controlled clinical trials. Acta Odontol Scand. 2004;62:223–30.CrossRefPubMed
go back to reference Vermaire JH, Poorterman JH, van Herwijnen L, van Loveren C. A three-year randomized controlled trial in 6-year-old children on caries-preventive strategies in a general dental practice in the Netherlands. Caries Res. 2014;48:524–33.CrossRefPubMed Vermaire JH, Poorterman JH, van Herwijnen L, van Loveren C. A three-year randomized controlled trial in 6-year-old children on caries-preventive strategies in a general dental practice in the Netherlands. Caries Res. 2014;48:524–33.CrossRefPubMed
go back to reference Walsh T, Worthington HV, Glenny AM, et al.Fluoride toothpastes of different concentrations for preventing dental caries in children and adolescents. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2010. Cd007868. Walsh T, Worthington HV, Glenny AM, et al.Fluoride toothpastes of different concentrations for preventing dental caries in children and adolescents. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2010. Cd007868.
go back to reference Whelton H. Overview of the impact of changing global patterns of dental caries experience on caries clinical trials. J Dent Res. 2004;83 Spec No C:C29–34. Whelton H. Overview of the impact of changing global patterns of dental caries experience on caries clinical trials. J Dent Res. 2004;83 Spec No C:C29–34.
go back to reference Zhi QH, Lo EC, Lin HC. Randomized clinical trial on effectiveness of silver diamine fluoride and glass ionomer in arresting dentine caries in preschool children. J Dent. 2012;40:962–7.CrossRefPubMed Zhi QH, Lo EC, Lin HC. Randomized clinical trial on effectiveness of silver diamine fluoride and glass ionomer in arresting dentine caries in preschool children. J Dent. 2012;40:962–7.CrossRefPubMed
Metadata
Title
EAPD interim seminar and workshop in Brussels May 9 2015
Non-invasive caries treatment
Authors
C. van Loveren
W. van Palenstein Helderman
Publication date
01-02-2016
Publisher
Springer Berlin Heidelberg
Published in
European Archives of Paediatric Dentistry / Issue 1/2016
Print ISSN: 1818-6300
Electronic ISSN: 1996-9805
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1007/s40368-015-0219-3

Other articles of this Issue 1/2016

European Archives of Paediatric Dentistry 1/2016 Go to the issue