Skip to main content
Top
Published in: Drugs 14/2014

01-09-2014 | R&D Insight Report

Ataluren: First Global Approval

Author: Nicola J. Ryan

Published in: Drugs | Issue 14/2014

Login to get access

Abstract

Nonsense mutations are implicated in 5–70 % of individual cases of most inherited diseases, including Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD) and cystic fibrosis. Ataluren (Translarna™) is an orally available, small molecule compound that targets nonsense mutations, and is the first drug in its class. Ataluren appears to allow cellular machinery to read through premature stop codons in mRNA, enabling the translation process to produce full-length, functional proteins. This article summarizes the milestones in the development of ataluren leading to its conditional first approval for nonsense mutation DMD.
Literature
1.
go back to reference Kellermayer R. Translational readthrough induction of pathogenic nonsense mutations. Eur J Met Genet. 2006;49(6):445–50.CrossRef Kellermayer R. Translational readthrough induction of pathogenic nonsense mutations. Eur J Met Genet. 2006;49(6):445–50.CrossRef
2.
go back to reference Mendell JT, Dietz HC. When the message goes awry: disease-producing mutations that influence mRNA content and performance. Cell. 2001;107(4):411–4.PubMedCrossRef Mendell JT, Dietz HC. When the message goes awry: disease-producing mutations that influence mRNA content and performance. Cell. 2001;107(4):411–4.PubMedCrossRef
3.
4.
go back to reference PTC Therapeutics Inc. European Medicines Agency (EMEA) Grants PTC therapeutics orphan drug designation for PTC124 for the treatment of duchenne muscular dystrophy and cystic fibrosis [media release]. 2005. http://www.ptcbio.com. PTC Therapeutics Inc. European Medicines Agency (EMEA) Grants PTC therapeutics orphan drug designation for PTC124 for the treatment of duchenne muscular dystrophy and cystic fibrosis [media release]. 2005. http://​www.​ptcbio.​com.
5.
go back to reference PTC Therapeutics Inc. FDA’s office of orphan products development awards PTC therapeutics a grant to support clinical development of PTC124 for the treatment of nonsense-mutation-mediated cystic fibrosis [media release]. 2005. http://www.ptcbio.com. PTC Therapeutics Inc. FDA’s office of orphan products development awards PTC therapeutics a grant to support clinical development of PTC124 for the treatment of nonsense-mutation-mediated cystic fibrosis [media release]. 2005. http://​www.​ptcbio.​com.
6.
go back to reference PTC Therapeutics Inc. PTC therapeutics receives orphan drug designation for PTC124 for the treatment of duchenne muscular dystrophy [media release]. 2005. http://www.ptcbio.com. PTC Therapeutics Inc. PTC therapeutics receives orphan drug designation for PTC124 for the treatment of duchenne muscular dystrophy [media release]. 2005. http://​www.​ptcbio.​com.
7.
go back to reference PTC Therapeutics Inc. FDA awards PTC therapeutics orphan products development grant for the development of PTC124 in Duchenne muscular dystrophy [media release]. 2006. http://www.ptcbio.com. PTC Therapeutics Inc. FDA awards PTC therapeutics orphan products development grant for the development of PTC124 in Duchenne muscular dystrophy [media release]. 2006. http://​www.​ptcbio.​com.
8.
go back to reference PTC Therapeutics Inc. PTC therapeutics announces $25 million award from cystic fibrosis foundation therapeutics for development of PTC124 [media release]. 2008. http://www.ptcbio.com. PTC Therapeutics Inc. PTC therapeutics announces $25 million award from cystic fibrosis foundation therapeutics for development of PTC124 [media release]. 2008. http://​www.​ptcbio.​com.
15.
go back to reference Genzyme Corporation, PTC Therapeutics Inc. Genzyme corporation and PTC therapeutics announce collaboration on small molecule for genetic diseases [media release]. 2008. http://www.genzyme.com. Genzyme Corporation, PTC Therapeutics Inc. Genzyme corporation and PTC therapeutics announce collaboration on small molecule for genetic diseases [media release]. 2008. http://​www.​genzyme.​com.
18.
go back to reference Welch EM, Barton ER, Zhuo J, et al. PTC124 targets genetic disorders caused by nonsense mutations. Nature. 2007;447(7140):87–91.PubMedCrossRef Welch EM, Barton ER, Zhuo J, et al. PTC124 targets genetic disorders caused by nonsense mutations. Nature. 2007;447(7140):87–91.PubMedCrossRef
19.
go back to reference Li M, Andersson-Lendahl M, Sejersen T, et al. Muscle dysfunction and structural defects of dystrophin-null sapje mutant zebrafish larvae are rescued by ataluren treatment. FASEB J. 2014;28(4):1593–9.PubMedCrossRef Li M, Andersson-Lendahl M, Sejersen T, et al. Muscle dysfunction and structural defects of dystrophin-null sapje mutant zebrafish larvae are rescued by ataluren treatment. FASEB J. 2014;28(4):1593–9.PubMedCrossRef
20.
go back to reference Finkel RS, Flanigan KM, Wong B, et al. Phase 2a study of ataluren-mediated dystrophin production in patients with nonsense mutation Duchenne muscular dystrophy. PLoS ONE. 2013;. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0081302. Finkel RS, Flanigan KM, Wong B, et al. Phase 2a study of ataluren-mediated dystrophin production in patients with nonsense mutation Duchenne muscular dystrophy. PLoS ONE. 2013;. doi:10.​1371/​journal.​pone.​0081302.
21.
go back to reference Du M, Liu X, Welch E, et al. PTC124 is an orally bioavailable compound that promotes suppression of the human CFTR-G542X nonsense allele in a CF mouse model. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA. 2008;105(6):2064–9.PubMedCrossRefPubMedCentral Du M, Liu X, Welch E, et al. PTC124 is an orally bioavailable compound that promotes suppression of the human CFTR-G542X nonsense allele in a CF mouse model. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA. 2008;105(6):2064–9.PubMedCrossRefPubMedCentral
22.
go back to reference Kerem E, Hirawat S, Armoni S, et al. Effectiveness of PTC124 treatment of cystic fibrosis caused by nonsense mutations: a prospective phase II trial. Lancet. 2008;372(9640):719–27.PubMedCrossRef Kerem E, Hirawat S, Armoni S, et al. Effectiveness of PTC124 treatment of cystic fibrosis caused by nonsense mutations: a prospective phase II trial. Lancet. 2008;372(9640):719–27.PubMedCrossRef
23.
go back to reference Sermet-Gaudelus I, De Boeck K, Casimir GJ, et al. Ataluren (PTC124) induces cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator protein expression and activity in children with nonsense mutation cystic fibrosis. Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 2010;182(10):1262–72.PubMedCrossRef Sermet-Gaudelus I, De Boeck K, Casimir GJ, et al. Ataluren (PTC124) induces cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator protein expression and activity in children with nonsense mutation cystic fibrosis. Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 2010;182(10):1262–72.PubMedCrossRef
24.
go back to reference Wilschanski M, Miller LL, Shoseyov D, et al. Chronic ataluren (PTC124) treatment of nonsense mutation cystic fibrosis. Eur Respir J. 2011;38(1):59–69.PubMedCrossRef Wilschanski M, Miller LL, Shoseyov D, et al. Chronic ataluren (PTC124) treatment of nonsense mutation cystic fibrosis. Eur Respir J. 2011;38(1):59–69.PubMedCrossRef
25.
go back to reference Auld DS, Thorne N, Maguire WF, et al. Mechanism of PTC124 activity in cell-based luciferase assays of nonsense codon suppression. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA. 2009;106(9):3585–90.PubMedCrossRefPubMedCentral Auld DS, Thorne N, Maguire WF, et al. Mechanism of PTC124 activity in cell-based luciferase assays of nonsense codon suppression. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA. 2009;106(9):3585–90.PubMedCrossRefPubMedCentral
26.
go back to reference McElroy SP, Nomura T, Torrie LS, et al. A lack of premature termination codon read-through efficacy of PTC124 (ataluren) in a diverse array of reporter assays. PLoS Biol. 2013;11(6):e1001593. McElroy SP, Nomura T, Torrie LS, et al. A lack of premature termination codon read-through efficacy of PTC124 (ataluren) in a diverse array of reporter assays. PLoS Biol. 2013;11(6):e1001593.
27.
go back to reference Goldmann T, Overlack N, Wolfrum U, et al. PTC124-mediated translational readthrough of a nonsense mutation causing usher syndrome type 1C. Hum Gene Ther. 2011;22(5):537–47.PubMedCrossRef Goldmann T, Overlack N, Wolfrum U, et al. PTC124-mediated translational readthrough of a nonsense mutation causing usher syndrome type 1C. Hum Gene Ther. 2011;22(5):537–47.PubMedCrossRef
28.
go back to reference Sarkar C, Zhang Z, Mukherjee AB. Stop codon read-through with PTC124 induces palmitoyl-protein thioesterase-1 activity, reduces thioester load and suppresses apoptosis in cultured cells from INCL patients. Mol Genet Metab. 2011;104(3):338–45.PubMedCrossRefPubMedCentral Sarkar C, Zhang Z, Mukherjee AB. Stop codon read-through with PTC124 induces palmitoyl-protein thioesterase-1 activity, reduces thioester load and suppresses apoptosis in cultured cells from INCL patients. Mol Genet Metab. 2011;104(3):338–45.PubMedCrossRefPubMedCentral
29.
go back to reference Tan L, Narayan SB, Chen J, et al. PTC124 improves readthrough and increases enzymatic activity of the CPT1A R160X nonsense mutation. J Inherit Metab Dis. 2011;34(2):443–7.PubMedCrossRef Tan L, Narayan SB, Chen J, et al. PTC124 improves readthrough and increases enzymatic activity of the CPT1A R160X nonsense mutation. J Inherit Metab Dis. 2011;34(2):443–7.PubMedCrossRef
30.
go back to reference Melhem M, Van Wart S, Rubino C, et al. Population pharmacokinetic (PK) analyses to bridge ataluren disposition between healthy adults and patients with nonsense mutation duchenne-becker muscular dystrophy (nmDBMD) [abstract no. W-023]. J Pharmacokinet Pharmacodyn. 2013;40(suppl. 1):S121–3. Melhem M, Van Wart S, Rubino C, et al. Population pharmacokinetic (PK) analyses to bridge ataluren disposition between healthy adults and patients with nonsense mutation duchenne-becker muscular dystrophy (nmDBMD) [abstract no. W-023]. J Pharmacokinet Pharmacodyn. 2013;40(suppl. 1):S121–3.
31.
go back to reference Hirawat S, Welch EM, Elfring GL, et al. Safety, tolerability, and pharmacokinetics of PTC124, a nonaminoglycoside nonsense mutation suppressor, following single- and multiple-dose administration to healthy male and female adult volunteers. J Clin Pharmacol. 2007;47(4):430–44.PubMedCrossRef Hirawat S, Welch EM, Elfring GL, et al. Safety, tolerability, and pharmacokinetics of PTC124, a nonaminoglycoside nonsense mutation suppressor, following single- and multiple-dose administration to healthy male and female adult volunteers. J Clin Pharmacol. 2007;47(4):430–44.PubMedCrossRef
32.
go back to reference Bushby K, Finkel R, Wong B, et al. Ataluren treatment of patients with nonsense mutation dystrophinopathy. Muscle Nerve. 2014. doi: 10.1002/mus.24332 (Epub ahead of print). Bushby K, Finkel R, Wong B, et al. Ataluren treatment of patients with nonsense mutation dystrophinopathy. Muscle Nerve. 2014. doi: 10.​1002/​mus.​24332 (Epub ahead of print).
33.
go back to reference Kerem E, Konstan MW, De Boeck K, et al. Ataluren for the treatment of nonsense-mutation cystic fibrosis: a randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled phase 3 trial. Lancet Respir Med. 2014;2(7):539–47.PubMedCrossRef Kerem E, Konstan MW, De Boeck K, et al. Ataluren for the treatment of nonsense-mutation cystic fibrosis: a randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled phase 3 trial. Lancet Respir Med. 2014;2(7):539–47.PubMedCrossRef
Metadata
Title
Ataluren: First Global Approval
Author
Nicola J. Ryan
Publication date
01-09-2014
Publisher
Springer International Publishing
Published in
Drugs / Issue 14/2014
Print ISSN: 0012-6667
Electronic ISSN: 1179-1950
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1007/s40265-014-0287-4

Other articles of this Issue 14/2014

Drugs 14/2014 Go to the issue