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CNS Drugs
Published in: CNS Drugs 8/2014

01-08-2014 | Review Article

Osteoporosis and Multiple Sclerosis: Risk Factors, Pathophysiology, and Therapeutic Interventions

Authors: Sahil Gupta, Irfan Ahsan, Naeem Mahfooz, Noureldin Abdelhamid, Murali Ramanathan, Bianca Weinstock-Guttman

Published in: CNS Drugs | Issue 8/2014

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Abstract

Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a chronic inflammatory-demyelinating disease of the nervous system. There has been mounting evidence showing that MS is associated with increased risk of osteoporosis and fractures. The development of osteoporosis in MS patients can be related to the cumulative effects of various factors. This review summarizes the common risk factors and physiologic pathways that play a role in development of osteoporosis in MS patients. Physical inactivity and reduced mechanical load on the bones (offsetting gravity) is likely the major contributing factor for osteoporosis in MS. Additional possible factors leading to reduced bone mass are low vitamin D levels, and use of medications such as glucocorticoids and anticonvulsants. The role of the inflammatory processes related to the underlying disease is considered in the context of the complex bone metabolism. The known effect of different MS disease-modifying therapies on bone health is limited. An algorithm for diagnosis and management of osteoporosis in MS is proposed.
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Metadata
Title
Osteoporosis and Multiple Sclerosis: Risk Factors, Pathophysiology, and Therapeutic Interventions
Authors
Sahil Gupta
Irfan Ahsan
Naeem Mahfooz
Noureldin Abdelhamid
Murali Ramanathan
Bianca Weinstock-Guttman
Publication date
01-08-2014
Publisher
Springer International Publishing
Published in
CNS Drugs / Issue 8/2014
Print ISSN: 1172-7047
Electronic ISSN: 1179-1934
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1007/s40263-014-0173-3

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