Skip to main content
Key Specialties
Cardiology Diabetology Endocrinology Gastroenterology Geriatrics and Gerontology Gynecology and Obstetrics Hematology Infectious Disease Internal Medicine Nephrology Neurology Oncology Pediatrics Respiratory Medicine Rheumatology Surgery
Congress Coverage
2024 ACC Congress 2023 ESMO Congress 2023 EASD Congress 2023 ERS Congress 2023 ESC Congress 2023 EHA Congress 2023 ASCO Annual Meeting
Clinical Collections
Advances in Alzheimer’s

At a glance: The ONWARDS insulin icodec trials

A round-up of the ONWARDS phase 3 clinical trials evaluating the novel weekly insulin icodec in people with diabetes.
ADVANCED SEARCH
Log in
Top
American Journal of Clinical Dermatology
Published in: American Journal of Clinical Dermatology 1/2020

Open Access 01-09-2020 | Mites | Review Article

Microbiota in Rosacea

Author: Hei Sung Kim

Published in: American Journal of Clinical Dermatology | Special Issue 1/2020

Login to get access

Abstract

Rosacea is a complex facial skin condition associated with abnormal inflammation and vascular dysfunction. Next to the known trigger factors, the role of microbiota in the development and aggravation of rosacea continues to raise interest. Demodex folliculorum mites, Helicobacter pylori, Staphylococcus epidermidis, Chlamydia pneumoniae, and the Demodex-associated bacterium, Bacillus oleronius are microbes that have been linked with rosacea. However, the results of studies which assessed their involvement in the disease have been inconsistent and inconclusive. Microbiological research in many different disciplines exploded in recent years as methods to analyze complex microbial communities at the taxonomic and phylogenetic levels became available. Here, we provide an update on the microorganisms implicated in rosacea and review the potential pathogenic role of microbes in the development of rosacea.
Literature
1.
de Bersaques J. Historical notes on (acne) rosacea. EJD Eur J Dermatol. 1995;5(1):16–22.
2.
Steinhoff MBJ. Chapter 79: Rosacea. In: Kang SAM, Bruckner AL, Enk AH. Margolis DJ, McMichael AJ, Orringer JS editor. Fitzpatrick’s dermatology, 9e: Mc Graw Hill Education; 2019.
3.
Alexis AF, Callender VD, Baldwin HE, Desai SR, Rendon MI, Taylor SC. Global epidemiology and clinical spectrum of rosacea, highlighting skin of color: review and clinical practice experience. J Am Acad Dermatol. 2019;80(6):1722-9.e7.CrossRef
4.
Gether L, Overgaard LK, Egeberg A, Thyssen JP. Incidence and prevalence of rosacea: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Br J Dermatol. 2018;179(2):282–9.PubMed
5.
6.
Dreno B, Araviiskaia E, Berardesca E, Gontijo G, Sanchez Viera M, Xiang LF, et al. Microbiome in healthy skin, update for dermatologists. J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol. 2016;30(12):2038–47.PubMedPubMedCentralCrossRef
7.
Lee YB, Byun EJ, Kim HS. Potential role of the microbiome in acne: a comprehensive review. J Clin Med. 2019 8(7).
8.
Perez Perez GI, Gao Z, Jourdain R, Ramirez J, Gany F, Clavaud C, et al. Body site is a more determinant factor than human population diversity in the healthy skin microbiome. PLoS One. 2016;11(4):e0151990.PubMedPubMedCentralCrossRef
9.
Holmes AD. Potential role of microorganisms in the pathogenesis of rosacea. J Am Acad Dermatol. 2013;69(6):1025–32.PubMedCrossRef
10.
Tang L. Sequence-based identification of human-associated microbiota. In: Milestones in Human Microbiota Research. Nature. 2019:S10.
11.
Grice EA, Kong HH, Conlan S, Deming CB, Davis J, Young AC, et al. Topographical and temporal diversity of the human skin microbiome. Science. 2009;324(5931):1190–2.PubMedPubMedCentralCrossRef
12.
Two AM, Wu W, Gallo RL, Hata TR. Rosacea: part I. Introduction, categorization, histology, pathogenesis, and risk factors. J Am Acad Dermatol. 2015;72(5):749–58 (quiz 59-60).CrossRefPubMed
13.
Wilkin J, Dahl M, Detmar M, Drake L, Feinstein A, Odom R, et al. Standard classification of rosacea: report of the National Rosacea Society Expert Committee on the Classification and Staging of Rosacea. J Am Acad Dermatol. 2002;46(4):584–7.PubMedCrossRef
14.
Gallo RL, Granstein RD, Kang S, Mannis M, Steinhoff M, Tan J, et al. Standard classification and pathophysiology of rosacea: the 2017 update by the National Rosacea Society Expert Committee. J Am Acad Dermatol. 2018;78(1):148–55.PubMedCrossRef
15.
Schaller M, Almeida LM, Bewley A, Cribier B, Dlova NC, Kautz G, et al. Rosacea treatment update: recommendations from the global ROSacea COnsensus (ROSCO) panel. Br J Dermatol. 2017;176(2):465–71.PubMedCrossRef
16.
Yamasaki K, Di Nardo A, Bardan A, Murakami M, Ohtake T, Coda A, et al. Increased serine protease activity and cathelicidin promotes skin inflammation in rosacea. Nat Med. 2007;13(8):975–80.PubMedCrossRef
17.
Muto Y, Wang Z, Vanderberghe M, Two A, Gallo RL, Di Nardo A. Mast cells are key mediators of cathelicidin-initiated skin inflammation in rosacea. J Invest Dermatol. 2014;134(11):2728–36.PubMedPubMedCentralCrossRef
18.
Zaidi AK, Spaunhurst K, Sprockett D, Thomason Y, Mann MW, Fu P, et al. Characterization of the facial microbiome in twins discordant for rosacea. Exp Dermatol. 2018;27(3):295–8.PubMedPubMedCentralCrossRef
19.
Rainer BM, Thompson KG, Antonescu C, Florea L, Mongodin EF, Bui J, et al. Characterization and analysis of the skin microbiota in rosacea: a case-control study. Am J Clin Dermatol. 2020;21(1):139–47.PubMedCrossRef
20.
Murillo N, Aubert J, Raoult D. Microbiota of Demodex mites from rosacea patients and controls. Microb Pathog. 2014;71–72:37–40.PubMedCrossRef
21.
Lacey N, Delaney S, Kavanagh K, Powell FC. Mite-related bacterial antigens stimulate inflammatory cells in rosacea. Br J Dermatol. 2007;157(3):474–81.PubMedCrossRef
22.
Woo YR, Lee SH, Cho SH, Lee JD, Kim HS. Characterization and analysis of the skin microbiota in rosacea: impact of systemic antibiotics. J Clin Med. 2020 9(1).
23.
Zhai W, Huang Y, Zhang X, Fei W, Chang Y, Cheng S, et al. Profile of the skin microbiota in a healthy Chinese population. J Dermatol. 2018;45(11):1289–300.PubMedCrossRef
24.
Kwong WK, Moran NA. Cultivation and characterization of the gut symbionts of honey bees and bumble bees: description of Snodgrassella alvi gen. nov., sp. nov., a member of the family Neisseriaceae of the Betaproteobacteria, and Gilliamella apicola gen. nov., sp. nov., a member of Orbaceae fam. nov., Orbales ord. nov., a sister taxon to the order ‘Enterobacteriales’ of the Gammaproteobacteria. Int J Syst Evol Microbiol. 2013 63(6):2008–18.
25.
Eriksson G, Nord CE. Impact of topical metronidazole on the skin and colon microflora in patients with rosacea. Infection. 1987;15(1):8–10.PubMedCrossRef
26.
Lee KW, Park JY, Jeong HR, Heo HJ, Han NS, Kim JH. Probiotic properties of Weissella strains isolated from human faeces. Anaerobe. 2012;18(1):96–102.PubMedCrossRef
27.
Dey DK, Khan I, Kang SC. Anti-bacterial susceptibility profiling of Weissella confusa DD_A7 against the multidrug-resistant ESBL-positive E. coli. Microb Pathog. 2019;128:119–30.PubMedCrossRef
28.
Dahl MV, Ross AJ, Schlievert PM. Temperature regulates bacterial protein production: possible role in rosacea. J Am Acad Dermatol. 2004;50(2):266–72.PubMedCrossRef
29.
Jahns AC, Lundskog B, Dahlberg I, Tamayo NC, McDowell A, Patrick S, et al. No link between rosacea and Propionibacterium acnes. Apmis. 2012;120(11):922–5.PubMedCrossRef
30.
Marples RR, Downing DT, Kligman AM. Control of free fatty acids in human surface lipids by Corynebacterium acnes. J Invest Dermatol. 1971;56(2):127–31.PubMedCrossRef
31.
Rainer BM, Fischer AH, Luz Felipe da Silva D, Kang S, Chien AL. Rosacea is associated with chronic systemic diseases in a skin severity-dependent manner: results of a case-control study. J Am Acad Dermatol. 2015;73(4):604–8.PubMedCrossRef
32.
Egeberg A, Weinstock LB, Thyssen EP, Gislason GH, Thyssen JP. Rosacea and gastrointestinal disorders: a population-based cohort study. Br J Dermatol. 2017;176(1):100–6.PubMedCrossRef
33.
Thompson KG, Rainer BM, Kang S, Chien AL. The skin microbiota as a link between rosacea and its systemic comorbidities. Int J Dermatol. 2020;59(4):513–4.PubMedCrossRef
34.
35.
Manzhalii E, Hornuss D, Stremmel W. Intestinal-borne dermatoses significantly improved by oral application of Escherichia coli Nissle 1917. World J Gastroenterol. 2016;22(23):5415–21.PubMedPubMedCentralCrossRef
36.
Fortuna MC, Garelli V, Pranteda G, Romaniello F, Cardone M, Carlesimo M, et al. A case of scalp rosacea treated with low dose doxycycline and probiotic therapy and literature review on therapeutic options. Dermatol Ther. 2016;29(4):249–51.PubMedCrossRef
37.
Nam JH, Yun Y, Kim HS, Kim HN, Jung HJ, Chang Y, et al. Rosacea and its association with enteral microbiota in Korean females. Exp Dermatol. 2018;27(1):37–42.PubMedCrossRef
38.
Chen YJ, Lee WH, Ho HJ, Tseng CH, Wu CY. An altered fecal microbial profiling in rosacea patients compared to matched controls. J Formos Med Assoc. 2020.
39.
Stokes JH, Pillsbury DM. The effect on the skin of emotional and nervous states: iII. Theoretical and practical consideration of a gastro-intestinal mechanism. Arch Dermatol Syphilol. 1930;22(6):962–93.CrossRef
40.
Arck P, Handjiski B, Hagen E, Pincus M, Bruenahl C, Bienenstock J, et al. Is there a ‘gut-brain-skin axis’? Exp Dermatol. 2010;19(5):401–5.PubMedCrossRef
41.
42.
Bowe W, Patel NB, Logan AC. Acne vulgaris, probiotics and the gut-brain-skin axis: from anecdote to translational medicine. Benef Microbes. 2014;5(2):185–99.PubMedCrossRef
43.
44.
Metadata
Title
Microbiota in Rosacea
Author
Hei Sung Kim
Publication date
01-09-2020
Publisher
Springer International Publishing
Published in
American Journal of Clinical Dermatology / Issue Special Issue 1/2020
Print ISSN: 1175-0561
Electronic ISSN: 1179-1888
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1007/s40257-020-00546-8

Other articles of this Special Issue 1/2020

American Journal of Clinical Dermatology 1/2020 Go to the issue

Review Article

The Skin Microbiome: A New Actor in Inflammatory Acne

Review Article

Skin Microbiome as Years Go By

Foreword

Foreword

Announcement

American Journal of Clinical Dermatology

Review Article

The Role of the Microbiome and Microbiome-Derived Metabolites in Atopic Dermatitis and Non-Histaminergic Itch

Review Article

Skin Microbiome and its Interplay with the Environment