Skip to main content
Top
Published in: Current Anesthesiology Reports 4/2018

01-12-2018 | Cancer Anesthesia (B Riedel and V Gottumukkala, Section Editors)

Cancer Biology: a Primer for Perioperative Clinicians

Author: Jonathan A. Wilks

Published in: Current Anesthesiology Reports | Issue 4/2018

Login to get access

Abstract

Purpose of Review

Cancer biology is a field that has grown exponentially in the last several decades. Elucidating the mechanisms involved in tumor development, while broadening our understanding, continues to reveal unexplained phenomena. Attempting to understand cancer biology requires a framework from which to start; two landmark reviews from 2000 and 2011 by Hanahan and Weinberg present such a framework. With advances in cancer therapeutics, an appreciation of the underlying tumor biology is necessary to optimally care for patients in the perioperative period.
Literature
1.
go back to reference •• Hanahan D, Weinberg RA. The hallmarks of cancer. Cell. 2000;100(1):57–70 This is the intial systhesis by Hanahan and Weinberg describing the six hallmarks of cancer.PubMed •• Hanahan D, Weinberg RA. The hallmarks of cancer. Cell. 2000;100(1):57–70 This is the intial systhesis by Hanahan and Weinberg describing the six hallmarks of cancer.PubMed
2.
go back to reference •• Hanahan D, Weinberg RA. Hallmarks of cancer: the next generation. Cell. 2011;144(5):646–74 The follow-up to their initial paper, Hanahan and Weinberg take a closer, updated, look at the six hallmarks of cancer and discuss the complicated relationships found in invasion and metastasis, inflammation, and immune avoidance.PubMed •• Hanahan D, Weinberg RA. Hallmarks of cancer: the next generation. Cell. 2011;144(5):646–74 The follow-up to their initial paper, Hanahan and Weinberg take a closer, updated, look at the six hallmarks of cancer and discuss the complicated relationships found in invasion and metastasis, inflammation, and immune avoidance.PubMed
3.
go back to reference •• Hiller JG, Perry NJ, Poulogiannis G, Riedel B, Sloan EK. Perioperative events influence cancer recurrence risk after surgery. Nat Rev Clin Oncol. 2018;15(4):205–18 This excellent review examines the biological changes that occur during the perioperative period from the perspective of both the body's responses to surgery as well as the response to common anesthetic regimens.PubMed •• Hiller JG, Perry NJ, Poulogiannis G, Riedel B, Sloan EK. Perioperative events influence cancer recurrence risk after surgery. Nat Rev Clin Oncol. 2018;15(4):205–18 This excellent review examines the biological changes that occur during the perioperative period from the perspective of both the body's responses to surgery as well as the response to common anesthetic regimens.PubMed
4.
go back to reference Slamon DJ, Clark GM, Wong SG, Levin WJ, Ullrich A, McGuire WL. Human breast cancer: correlation of relapse and survival with amplification of the HER-2/neu oncogene. Science. 1987;235(4785):177–82.PubMed Slamon DJ, Clark GM, Wong SG, Levin WJ, Ullrich A, McGuire WL. Human breast cancer: correlation of relapse and survival with amplification of the HER-2/neu oncogene. Science. 1987;235(4785):177–82.PubMed
5.
go back to reference Kinzler KW, Vogelstein B. Lessons from hereditary colorectal cancer. Cell. 1996;87(2):159–70.PubMed Kinzler KW, Vogelstein B. Lessons from hereditary colorectal cancer. Cell. 1996;87(2):159–70.PubMed
6.
7.
go back to reference Karin M, Greten FR. NF-kappaB: linking inflammation and immunity to cancer development and progression. Nat Rev Immunol. 2005;5(10):749–59.PubMed Karin M, Greten FR. NF-kappaB: linking inflammation and immunity to cancer development and progression. Nat Rev Immunol. 2005;5(10):749–59.PubMed
8.
go back to reference Dyson N, Howley PM, Munger K, Harlow E. The human papilloma virus-16 E7 oncoprotein is able to bind to the retinoblastoma gene product. Science. 1989;243(4893):934–7.PubMed Dyson N, Howley PM, Munger K, Harlow E. The human papilloma virus-16 E7 oncoprotein is able to bind to the retinoblastoma gene product. Science. 1989;243(4893):934–7.PubMed
9.
go back to reference •• Bierie B, Moses HL. Tumour microenvironment: TGFbeta: the molecular Jekyll and Hyde of cancer. Nat Rev Cancer. 2006;6(7):506–20This review discusses the complexities of one molecule and the possible actions on tumor prevention/development.PubMed •• Bierie B, Moses HL. Tumour microenvironment: TGFbeta: the molecular Jekyll and Hyde of cancer. Nat Rev Cancer. 2006;6(7):506–20This review discusses the complexities of one molecule and the possible actions on tumor prevention/development.PubMed
10.
go back to reference Iwasaki M, Zhao H, Jaffer T, Unwith S, Benzonana L, Lian Q, et al. Volatile anaesthetics enhance the metastasis related cellular signalling including CXCR2 of ovarian cancer cells. Oncotarget. 2016;7(18):26042–56.PubMedPubMedCentral Iwasaki M, Zhao H, Jaffer T, Unwith S, Benzonana L, Lian Q, et al. Volatile anaesthetics enhance the metastasis related cellular signalling including CXCR2 of ovarian cancer cells. Oncotarget. 2016;7(18):26042–56.PubMedPubMedCentral
11.
go back to reference Kawaraguchi Y, Horikawa YT, Murphy AN, Murray F, Miyanohara A, Ali SS, et al. Volatile anesthetics protect cancer cells against tumor necrosis factor-related apoptosis-inducing ligandinduced apoptosis via caveolins. Anesthesiology. 2011;115(3):499–508.PubMed Kawaraguchi Y, Horikawa YT, Murphy AN, Murray F, Miyanohara A, Ali SS, et al. Volatile anesthetics protect cancer cells against tumor necrosis factor-related apoptosis-inducing ligandinduced apoptosis via caveolins. Anesthesiology. 2011;115(3):499–508.PubMed
12.
go back to reference Wu GJ, Chen WF, Sung CS, Jean YH, Hung CH, Chen FA, et al. Isoflurane attenuates dynorphin-induced cytotoxicity and downregulation of Bcl-2 expression in differentiated neuroblastoma SH-SY5Y cells. Acta Anaesthesiol Scand. 2009;53(1):55–60.PubMed Wu GJ, Chen WF, Sung CS, Jean YH, Hung CH, Chen FA, et al. Isoflurane attenuates dynorphin-induced cytotoxicity and downregulation of Bcl-2 expression in differentiated neuroblastoma SH-SY5Y cells. Acta Anaesthesiol Scand. 2009;53(1):55–60.PubMed
13.
go back to reference Du Q, Liu J, Zhang X, Zhang X, Zhu H, Wei M, et al. Propofol inhibits proliferation, migration, and invasion but promotes apoptosis by regulation of Sox4 in endometrial cancer cells. Braz J Med Biol Res. 2018;51(4):e6803.PubMedPubMedCentral Du Q, Liu J, Zhang X, Zhang X, Zhu H, Wei M, et al. Propofol inhibits proliferation, migration, and invasion but promotes apoptosis by regulation of Sox4 in endometrial cancer cells. Braz J Med Biol Res. 2018;51(4):e6803.PubMedPubMedCentral
14.
go back to reference Liu SQ, Zhang JL, Li ZW, Hu ZH, Liu Z, Li Y. Propofol Inhibits Proliferation, Migration, Invasion and Promotes Apoptosis Through Down-Regulating miR-374a in Hepatocarcinoma Cell Lines. Cell Physiol Biochem. 2018;49(6):2099–110.PubMed Liu SQ, Zhang JL, Li ZW, Hu ZH, Liu Z, Li Y. Propofol Inhibits Proliferation, Migration, Invasion and Promotes Apoptosis Through Down-Regulating miR-374a in Hepatocarcinoma Cell Lines. Cell Physiol Biochem. 2018;49(6):2099–110.PubMed
15.
go back to reference Shang Z, Feng H, Cui L, Wang W, Fu H. Propofol promotes apoptosis and suppresses the HOTAIR-mediated mTOR/p70S6K signaling pathway in melanoma cells. Oncol Lett. 2018;15(1):630–4.PubMed Shang Z, Feng H, Cui L, Wang W, Fu H. Propofol promotes apoptosis and suppresses the HOTAIR-mediated mTOR/p70S6K signaling pathway in melanoma cells. Oncol Lett. 2018;15(1):630–4.PubMed
16.
go back to reference Yu B, Gao W, Zhou H, Miao X, Chang Y, Wang L, et al. Propofol induces apoptosis of breast cancer cells by downregulation of miR-24 signal pathway. Cancer Biomark. 2018;21(3):513–9.PubMed Yu B, Gao W, Zhou H, Miao X, Chang Y, Wang L, et al. Propofol induces apoptosis of breast cancer cells by downregulation of miR-24 signal pathway. Cancer Biomark. 2018;21(3):513–9.PubMed
17.
go back to reference Zhang D, Zhou XH, Zhang J, Zhou YX, Ying J, Wu GQ, et al. Propofol promotes cell apoptosis via inhibiting HOTAIR mediated mTOR pathway in cervical cancer. Biochem Biophys Res Commun. 2015;468(4):561–7.PubMed Zhang D, Zhou XH, Zhang J, Zhou YX, Ying J, Wu GQ, et al. Propofol promotes cell apoptosis via inhibiting HOTAIR mediated mTOR pathway in cervical cancer. Biochem Biophys Res Commun. 2015;468(4):561–7.PubMed
18.
go back to reference Enlund M, Berglund A, Andreasson K, Cicek C, Enlund A, Bergkvist L. The choice of anaesthetic--sevoflurane or propofol--and outcome from cancer surgery: a retrospective analysis. Ups J Med Sci. 2014;119(3):251–61.PubMedPubMedCentral Enlund M, Berglund A, Andreasson K, Cicek C, Enlund A, Bergkvist L. The choice of anaesthetic--sevoflurane or propofol--and outcome from cancer surgery: a retrospective analysis. Ups J Med Sci. 2014;119(3):251–61.PubMedPubMedCentral
19.
go back to reference Lee JH, Kang SH, Kim Y, Kim HA, Kim BS. Effects of propofol-based total intravenous anesthesia on recurrence and overall survival in patients after modified radical mastectomy: a retrospective study. Korean J Anesthesiol. 2016;69(2):126–32.PubMedPubMedCentral Lee JH, Kang SH, Kim Y, Kim HA, Kim BS. Effects of propofol-based total intravenous anesthesia on recurrence and overall survival in patients after modified radical mastectomy: a retrospective study. Korean J Anesthesiol. 2016;69(2):126–32.PubMedPubMedCentral
20.
go back to reference •• Wigmore TJ, Mohammed K, Jhanji S. Long-term Survival for Patients Undergoing Volatile versus IV Anesthesia for Cancer Surgery: A Retrospective Analysis. Anesthesiology. 2016;124(1):69–79 This retrospective study of over 7,000 patients finds a survival advantage in patients receiving TIVA compared to volatile agents.PubMed •• Wigmore TJ, Mohammed K, Jhanji S. Long-term Survival for Patients Undergoing Volatile versus IV Anesthesia for Cancer Surgery: A Retrospective Analysis. Anesthesiology. 2016;124(1):69–79 This retrospective study of over 7,000 patients finds a survival advantage in patients receiving TIVA compared to volatile agents.PubMed
21.
go back to reference Lee SK, Dawson J, Lee JA, Osman G, Levitin MO, Guzel RM, et al. Management of cancer pain: 1. Wider implications of orthodox analgesics. Int J Gen Med. 2014;7:49–58.PubMedPubMedCentral Lee SK, Dawson J, Lee JA, Osman G, Levitin MO, Guzel RM, et al. Management of cancer pain: 1. Wider implications of orthodox analgesics. Int J Gen Med. 2014;7:49–58.PubMedPubMedCentral
22.
go back to reference Mahbuba W, Lambert DG. Opioids and neovascularization; pro or anti? Br J Anaesth. 2015;115(6):821–4.PubMed Mahbuba W, Lambert DG. Opioids and neovascularization; pro or anti? Br J Anaesth. 2015;115(6):821–4.PubMed
23.
go back to reference Sloan EK, Priceman SJ, Cox BF, Yu S, Pimentel MA, Tangkanangnukul V, et al. The sympathetic nervous system induces a metastatic switch in primary breast cancer. Cancer Res. 2010;70(18):7042–52.PubMedPubMedCentral Sloan EK, Priceman SJ, Cox BF, Yu S, Pimentel MA, Tangkanangnukul V, et al. The sympathetic nervous system induces a metastatic switch in primary breast cancer. Cancer Res. 2010;70(18):7042–52.PubMedPubMedCentral
24.
go back to reference Huang H, Benzonana LL, Zhao H, Watts HR, Perry NJ, Bevan C, et al. Prostate cancer cell malignancy via modulation of HIF-1alpha pathway with isoflurane and propofol alone and in combination. Br J Cancer. 2014;111(7):1338–49.PubMedPubMedCentral Huang H, Benzonana LL, Zhao H, Watts HR, Perry NJ, Bevan C, et al. Prostate cancer cell malignancy via modulation of HIF-1alpha pathway with isoflurane and propofol alone and in combination. Br J Cancer. 2014;111(7):1338–49.PubMedPubMedCentral
25.
26.
go back to reference Johnson JP. Cell adhesion molecules of the immunoglobulin supergene family and their role in malignant transformation and progression to metastatic disease. Cancer Metastasis Rev. 1991;10(1):11–22.PubMed Johnson JP. Cell adhesion molecules of the immunoglobulin supergene family and their role in malignant transformation and progression to metastatic disease. Cancer Metastasis Rev. 1991;10(1):11–22.PubMed
27.
go back to reference Hardingham JE, Grover P, Winter M, Hewett PJ, Price TJ, Thierry B. Detection and Clinical Significance of Circulating Tumor Cells in Colorectal Cancer--20 Years of Progress. Mol Med. 2015;21(Suppl 1):S25–31.PubMedPubMedCentral Hardingham JE, Grover P, Winter M, Hewett PJ, Price TJ, Thierry B. Detection and Clinical Significance of Circulating Tumor Cells in Colorectal Cancer--20 Years of Progress. Mol Med. 2015;21(Suppl 1):S25–31.PubMedPubMedCentral
28.
go back to reference Rahbari NN, Aigner M, Thorlund K, Mollberg N, Motschall E, Jensen K, et al. Metaanalysis shows that detection of circulating tumor cells indicates poor prognosis in patients with colorectal cancer. Gastroenterology. 2010;138(5):1714–26.PubMed Rahbari NN, Aigner M, Thorlund K, Mollberg N, Motschall E, Jensen K, et al. Metaanalysis shows that detection of circulating tumor cells indicates poor prognosis in patients with colorectal cancer. Gastroenterology. 2010;138(5):1714–26.PubMed
29.
go back to reference Luo X, Zhao H, Hennah L, Ning J, Liu J, Tu H, et al. Impact of isoflurane on malignant capability of ovarian cancer in vitro. Br J Anaesth. 2015;114(5):831–9.PubMed Luo X, Zhao H, Hennah L, Ning J, Liu J, Tu H, et al. Impact of isoflurane on malignant capability of ovarian cancer in vitro. Br J Anaesth. 2015;114(5):831–9.PubMed
30.
go back to reference Wu KC, Yang ST, Hsia TC, Yang JS, Chiou SM, Lu CC, et al. Suppression of cell invasion and migration by propofol are involved in down-regulating matrix metalloproteinase-2 and p38 MAPK signaling in A549 human lung adenocarcinoma epithelial cells. Anticancer Res. 2012;32(11):4833–42.PubMed Wu KC, Yang ST, Hsia TC, Yang JS, Chiou SM, Lu CC, et al. Suppression of cell invasion and migration by propofol are involved in down-regulating matrix metalloproteinase-2 and p38 MAPK signaling in A549 human lung adenocarcinoma epithelial cells. Anticancer Res. 2012;32(11):4833–42.PubMed
31.
go back to reference Lirk P, Berger R, Hollmann MW, Fiegl H. Lidocaine time- and dose-dependently demethylates deoxyribonucleic acid in breast cancer cell lines in vitro. Br J Anaesth. 2012;109(2):200–7.PubMed Lirk P, Berger R, Hollmann MW, Fiegl H. Lidocaine time- and dose-dependently demethylates deoxyribonucleic acid in breast cancer cell lines in vitro. Br J Anaesth. 2012;109(2):200–7.PubMed
32.
go back to reference Lirk P, Hollmann MW, Fleischer M, Weber NC, Fiegl H. Lidocaine and ropivacaine, but not bupivacaine, demethylate deoxyribonucleic acid in breast cancer cells in vitro. Br J Anaesth. 2014;113(Suppl 1):i32–8.PubMed Lirk P, Hollmann MW, Fleischer M, Weber NC, Fiegl H. Lidocaine and ropivacaine, but not bupivacaine, demethylate deoxyribonucleic acid in breast cancer cells in vitro. Br J Anaesth. 2014;113(Suppl 1):i32–8.PubMed
33.
go back to reference Ni C, Li C, Dong Y, Guo X, Zhang Y, Xie Z. Anesthetic Isoflurane Induces DNA Damage Through Oxidative Stress and p53 Pathway. Mol Neurobiol. 2017;54(5):3591–605.PubMed Ni C, Li C, Dong Y, Guo X, Zhang Y, Xie Z. Anesthetic Isoflurane Induces DNA Damage Through Oxidative Stress and p53 Pathway. Mol Neurobiol. 2017;54(5):3591–605.PubMed
34.
go back to reference •• Horowitz M, Neeman E, Sharon E, Ben-Eliyahu S. Exploiting the critical perioperative period to improve long-term cancer outcomes. Nat Rev Clin Oncol. 2015;12(4):213–26 This review examines the factors present in the perioperative period that may predispose patients to cancer recurrence and metastasis and interventions that may decrease that risk.PubMedPubMedCentral •• Horowitz M, Neeman E, Sharon E, Ben-Eliyahu S. Exploiting the critical perioperative period to improve long-term cancer outcomes. Nat Rev Clin Oncol. 2015;12(4):213–26 This review examines the factors present in the perioperative period that may predispose patients to cancer recurrence and metastasis and interventions that may decrease that risk.PubMedPubMedCentral
35.
go back to reference Chen RM, Chen TG, Chen TL, Lin LL, Chang CC, Chang HC, et al. Anti-inflammatory and antioxidative effects of propofol on lipopolysaccharide-activated macrophages. Ann N Y Acad Sci. 2005;1042:262–71.PubMed Chen RM, Chen TG, Chen TL, Lin LL, Chang CC, Chang HC, et al. Anti-inflammatory and antioxidative effects of propofol on lipopolysaccharide-activated macrophages. Ann N Y Acad Sci. 2005;1042:262–71.PubMed
36.
go back to reference Inada T, Hirota K, Shingu K. Intravenous anesthetic propofol suppresses prostaglandin E2 and cysteinyl leukotriene production and reduces edema formation in arachidonic acid-induced ear inflammation. J Immunotoxicol. 2015;12(3):261–5.PubMed Inada T, Hirota K, Shingu K. Intravenous anesthetic propofol suppresses prostaglandin E2 and cysteinyl leukotriene production and reduces edema formation in arachidonic acid-induced ear inflammation. J Immunotoxicol. 2015;12(3):261–5.PubMed
37.
go back to reference Ben-Eliyahu S, Page GG, Yirmiya R, Shakhar G. Evidence that stress and surgical interventions promote tumor development by suppressing natural killer cell activity. Int J Cancer. 1999;80(6):880–8.PubMed Ben-Eliyahu S, Page GG, Yirmiya R, Shakhar G. Evidence that stress and surgical interventions promote tumor development by suppressing natural killer cell activity. Int J Cancer. 1999;80(6):880–8.PubMed
38.
go back to reference Pietra G, Manzini C, Rivara S, Vitale M, Cantoni C, Petretto A, et al. Melanoma cells inhibit natural killer cell function by modulating the expression of activating receptors and cytolytic activity. Cancer Res. 2012;72(6):1407–15.PubMed Pietra G, Manzini C, Rivara S, Vitale M, Cantoni C, Petretto A, et al. Melanoma cells inhibit natural killer cell function by modulating the expression of activating receptors and cytolytic activity. Cancer Res. 2012;72(6):1407–15.PubMed
39.
go back to reference Desmond F, McCormack J, Mulligan N, Stokes M, Buggy DJ. Effect of anaesthetic technique on immune cell infiltration in breast cancer: a follow-up pilot analysis of a prospective, randomised, investigator-masked study. Anticancer Res. 2015;35(3):1311–9.PubMed Desmond F, McCormack J, Mulligan N, Stokes M, Buggy DJ. Effect of anaesthetic technique on immune cell infiltration in breast cancer: a follow-up pilot analysis of a prospective, randomised, investigator-masked study. Anticancer Res. 2015;35(3):1311–9.PubMed
40.
go back to reference Melamed R, Bar-Yosef S, Shakhar G, Shakhar K, Ben-Eliyahu S. Suppression of natural killer cell activity and promotion of tumor metastasis by ketamine, thiopental, and halothane, but not by propofol: mediating mechanisms and prophylactic measures. Anesth Analg. 2003;97(5):1331–9.PubMed Melamed R, Bar-Yosef S, Shakhar G, Shakhar K, Ben-Eliyahu S. Suppression of natural killer cell activity and promotion of tumor metastasis by ketamine, thiopental, and halothane, but not by propofol: mediating mechanisms and prophylactic measures. Anesth Analg. 2003;97(5):1331–9.PubMed
41.
go back to reference Shaashua L, Shabat-Simon M, Haldar R, Matzner P, Zmora O, Shabtai M, et al. Perioperative COX-2 and beta-Adrenergic Blockade Improves Metastatic Biomarkers in Breast Cancer Patients in a Phase-II Randomized Trial. Clin Cancer Res. 2017;23(16):4651–61.PubMedPubMedCentral Shaashua L, Shabat-Simon M, Haldar R, Matzner P, Zmora O, Shabtai M, et al. Perioperative COX-2 and beta-Adrenergic Blockade Improves Metastatic Biomarkers in Breast Cancer Patients in a Phase-II Randomized Trial. Clin Cancer Res. 2017;23(16):4651–61.PubMedPubMedCentral
Metadata
Title
Cancer Biology: a Primer for Perioperative Clinicians
Author
Jonathan A. Wilks
Publication date
01-12-2018
Publisher
Springer US
Published in
Current Anesthesiology Reports / Issue 4/2018
Electronic ISSN: 2167-6275
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1007/s40140-018-0302-5

Other articles of this Issue 4/2018

Current Anesthesiology Reports 4/2018 Go to the issue

Cancer Anesthesia (B Riedel and V Gottumukkala, Section Editors)

The Effect of Anaesthetic and Analgesic Technique on Oncological Outcomes

Pain Medicine (GJ Meredith, Section Editor)

New Advances in Neuromodulation

Cancer Anesthesia (B Riedel and V Gottumukkala, Section Editors)

Propofol (TIVA) Versus Volatile-Based Anesthetics: Is There Any Oncological Benefit?

Cancer Anesthesia (B Riedel and V Gottumukkala, Section Editors)

Transfusion Therapy: Is There a Link with Cancer Recurrence?

Pain Medicine (GJ Meredith, Section Editor)

A Summary of Newer and Safer Opioid Formulations