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Neurotherapeutics
Published in: Neurotherapeutics 1/2017

01-01-2017 | Review

Biomarkers for the Early Detection and Progression of Alzheimer’s Disease

Authors: Scott E. Counts, Milos D. Ikonomovic, Natosha Mercado, Irving E. Vega, Elliott J. Mufson

Published in: Neurotherapeutics | Issue 1/2017

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Abstract

The recent failures of potential disease-modifying drugs for Alzheimer’s disease (AD) may reflect the fact that the enrolled participants in clinical trials are already too advanced to derive a clinical benefit. Thus, well-validated biomarkers for the early detection and accurate diagnosis of the preclinical stages of AD will be crucial for therapeutic advancement. The combinatorial use of biomarkers derived from biological fluids, such as cerebrospinal fluid (CSF), with advanced molecular imaging and neuropsychological testing may eventually achieve the diagnostic sensitivity and specificity necessary to identify people in the earliest stages of the disease when drug modification is most likely possible. In this regard, positive amyloid or tau tracer retention on positron emission tomography imaging, low CSF concentrations of the amyloid-β 1-42 peptide, high CSF concentrations in total tau and phospho-tau, mesial temporal lobe atrophy on magnetic resonance imaging, and temporoparietal/precuneus hypometabolism or hypoperfusion on 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography have all emerged as biomarkers for the progression to AD. However, the ultimate AD biomarker panel will likely involve the inclusion of novel CSF and blood biomarkers more precisely associated with confirmed pathophysiologic mechanisms to improve its reliability for detecting preclinical AD. This review highlights advancements in biological fluid and imaging biomarkers that are moving the field towards achieving the goal of a preclinical detection of AD.
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Metadata
Title
Biomarkers for the Early Detection and Progression of Alzheimer’s Disease
Authors
Scott E. Counts
Milos D. Ikonomovic
Natosha Mercado
Irving E. Vega
Elliott J. Mufson
Publication date
01-01-2017
Publisher
Springer US
Published in
Neurotherapeutics / Issue 1/2017
Print ISSN: 1933-7213
Electronic ISSN: 1878-7479
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1007/s13311-016-0481-z

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