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Translational Stroke Research
Published in: Translational Stroke Research 2/2013

Open Access 01-04-2013 | Original Article

Regulation of Toll-Like Receptors in the Choroid Plexus in the Immature Brain After Systemic Inflammatory Stimuli

Authors: Linnea Stridh, C. Joakim Ek, Xiaoyang Wang, Holger Nilsson, Carina Mallard

Published in: Translational Stroke Research | Issue 2/2013

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Abstract

The choroid plexus is the site of the blood–cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) barrier (BCSFB) and has also been considered as a possible route for peripheral immune signals and cells to transfer to the central nervous system. Infection/inflammation stimulates innate and subsequent adaptive immune responses via Toll-like receptors (TLRs). In this study, we have investigated the mRNA expression of TLRs, cytokines, and tight junction proteins in the choroid plexus in the immature brain after systemic inflammation, as well as accumulation of immune cells into the CSF. Specific ligands for TLR-1/2, TLR-3, and TLR-4 were administered to postnatal day 8 mice and mRNA expression for the targeted genes was examined in the choroid plexus. We found that mRNA for all four TLRs was detected in the choroid plexus under control conditions. Following immune stimulation, expression of all the TLRs was upregulated by their respective ligands, except for TLR-4 mRNA, which was downregulated by Pam3CSK4 (PAM; a TLR-1/2 ligand). In addition, we investigated BCSFB regulation after TLR stimulation and found that TLR-1/2 and TLR-4 activation was associated with changes in mRNA expression of the tight junction protein occludin in the choroid plexus. PAM induced choroid plexus transcription of TNF-α and resulted in the most dramatic increase in numbers of white blood cells in the CSF. The data suggest a possible mechanism whereby systemic inflammation stimulates TLRs in the choroid plexus, which may lead to disturbances in choroid plexus barrier function, as well as infiltration of immune cells through the plexus.
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Metadata
Title
Regulation of Toll-Like Receptors in the Choroid Plexus in the Immature Brain After Systemic Inflammatory Stimuli
Authors
Linnea Stridh
C. Joakim Ek
Xiaoyang Wang
Holger Nilsson
Carina Mallard
Publication date
01-04-2013
Publisher
Springer-Verlag
Published in
Translational Stroke Research / Issue 2/2013
Print ISSN: 1868-4483
Electronic ISSN: 1868-601X
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1007/s12975-012-0248-8

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