Skip to main content
Top
Published in: Journal of Medicine and the Person 1/2015

01-04-2015 | Homeopathy and Integrative Medicine

Biology and sign theory: homeopathy emerging as a biosemiotic system

Authors: Leoni V. Bonamin, Silvia Waisse

Published in: Journal of Medicine and the Person | Issue 1/2015

Login to get access

Abstract

Diluted above Avogadro’s number, homeopathic medicines allegedly do not contain any molecule of their starting-materials. As Western science is historically based on the notion of matter, alternative epistemological models are needed to account for the biological actions of homeopathic high dilutions. One such model is provided by biosemiotics, an interdisciplinary field devoted to the integration of biology and semiotics based on the fundamental belief that sign production and interpretation is one of the immanent and intrinsic features of life. Several experimental studies show that the information carried by high dilutions might be evidenced by means of measurable biological effects ranging from intranuclear epigenetic phenomena to inheritable adaptive processes, and regulatory physiological and behavioral phenomena. Therefore, when the action of homeopathic medicines is considered from the semiotic point of view, they become an endless source for studies aiming not only at therapeutic applications, but also to achieve a more refined understanding of living beings and their relationships with the environment.
Literature
1.
go back to reference Schrödinger E (1944) What is life? Mind and matter. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge Schrödinger E (1944) What is life? Mind and matter. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge
2.
go back to reference Waisse S (2010) The science of living matter and the autonomy of life: vitalism, antivitalism and neovitalism in the German long nineteenth century. Lambert Academic Publishing, Saarbrücken Waisse S (2010) The science of living matter and the autonomy of life: vitalism, antivitalism and neovitalism in the German long nineteenth century. Lambert Academic Publishing, Saarbrücken
3.
go back to reference Shang A, Huwiler-Müntener K, Nartey L, Jüni P, Dörig S, Sterne JAC et al (2005) Are the clinical effects of homeopathy placebo effects? Comparative study of placebo-controlled trials of homoeopathy and allopathy. Lancer 366:726–732CrossRef Shang A, Huwiler-Müntener K, Nartey L, Jüni P, Dörig S, Sterne JAC et al (2005) Are the clinical effects of homeopathy placebo effects? Comparative study of placebo-controlled trials of homoeopathy and allopathy. Lancer 366:726–732CrossRef
4.
go back to reference Rutten ALB, Stolper CF (2008) The 2005 meta-analysis of homeopathy: the importance of post-publication data. Homeopathy 97:169–177CrossRefPubMed Rutten ALB, Stolper CF (2008) The 2005 meta-analysis of homeopathy: the importance of post-publication data. Homeopathy 97:169–177CrossRefPubMed
5.
go back to reference Eizayaga J (2013) The Lancet and the announced end of homeopathy: critical review of Shang et al’s. Rev Homeopat 76:17–38 Eizayaga J (2013) The Lancet and the announced end of homeopathy: critical review of Shang et al’s. Rev Homeopat 76:17–38
6.
go back to reference Bellavite P, Marzotto M, Chirumbolo S, Conforti A (2011) Advances in homeopathy and immunology: a review of a clinical research. Front Biosci (Schol Ed) 3:1363–1389CrossRef Bellavite P, Marzotto M, Chirumbolo S, Conforti A (2011) Advances in homeopathy and immunology: a review of a clinical research. Front Biosci (Schol Ed) 3:1363–1389CrossRef
7.
go back to reference Peirce CS (1932) Collected papers of Charles Sanders Peirce. Belknap Press, Cambridge Peirce CS (1932) Collected papers of Charles Sanders Peirce. Belknap Press, Cambridge
8.
go back to reference Kull K (1999) Biosemiotics in the twentieth century: a view from biology. Semiotica 127:385–414 Kull K (1999) Biosemiotics in the twentieth century: a view from biology. Semiotica 127:385–414
10.
go back to reference Attwood TK, Gisel A, Eriksson NE, Bongcam-Rudloff E (2011) Concepts, historical milestones and the central place of bioinformatics in modern biology: a European perspective. In: Mahdavi MA (ed) Bioinformatics: trends and methodologies. InTech, Rijeka, pp 3–38 Attwood TK, Gisel A, Eriksson NE, Bongcam-Rudloff E (2011) Concepts, historical milestones and the central place of bioinformatics in modern biology: a European perspective. In: Mahdavi MA (ed) Bioinformatics: trends and methodologies. InTech, Rijeka, pp 3–38
11.
go back to reference Gould SJ (1997) ‘What is life’ as a problem in history. In: Murphy MM, O’Neill LAJ (eds) What is life? The next fifty years. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, pp 25–40 Gould SJ (1997) ‘What is life’ as a problem in history. In: Murphy MM, O’Neill LAJ (eds) What is life? The next fifty years. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, pp 25–40
12.
go back to reference Hoffmeyer J (1997) Biosemiotics: towards a new synthesis in biology. Eur J Semiot Stud 9:355–376 Hoffmeyer J (1997) Biosemiotics: towards a new synthesis in biology. Eur J Semiot Stud 9:355–376
13.
go back to reference Eigen M (1997) What will endure of twentieth century biology? In: Murphy MM, O’Neill LAJ (eds) What is life? The next fifty years. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, pp 5–24 Eigen M (1997) What will endure of twentieth century biology? In: Murphy MM, O’Neill LAJ (eds) What is life? The next fifty years. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, pp 5–24
14.
go back to reference Smith JM, Szathmáry E (1997) Language and life. In: Murphy MM, O’Neill LAJ (eds) What is life? The next fifty years. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, pp 67–78 Smith JM, Szathmáry E (1997) Language and life. In: Murphy MM, O’Neill LAJ (eds) What is life? The next fifty years. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, pp 67–78
15.
go back to reference Faria M (2008) Signal transduction codes and cell fate. In: Barbieri M (ed) The codes of life. Springer, Dordrecht, pp 265–283CrossRef Faria M (2008) Signal transduction codes and cell fate. In: Barbieri M (ed) The codes of life. Springer, Dordrecht, pp 265–283CrossRef
16.
go back to reference Sebeok T (1999) The sign science and the life science. AS/SA 3:387–393 Sebeok T (1999) The sign science and the life science. AS/SA 3:387–393
17.
go back to reference Lagache A (1997) Notes on the conceptual basis of science: looking for the idea of mediation and its tradition. In: Bastide M (ed) Signals and images. Springer, Dordrecht, pp 265–278CrossRef Lagache A (1997) Notes on the conceptual basis of science: looking for the idea of mediation and its tradition. In: Bastide M (ed) Signals and images. Springer, Dordrecht, pp 265–278CrossRef
18.
go back to reference Demangeat JL (2013) Nanosized solvent superstructures in ultramolecular aqueous dilutions: twenty years’ research using proton NMR relaxation. Homeopathy 102:87–105CrossRefPubMed Demangeat JL (2013) Nanosized solvent superstructures in ultramolecular aqueous dilutions: twenty years’ research using proton NMR relaxation. Homeopathy 102:87–105CrossRefPubMed
19.
go back to reference Belllavite P, Marzotto M, Olioso D, Mortti E, Conforti A (2014) High-dilution effects revisited. 1.Physicochemical aspects. Homeopathy 103:4–21CrossRef Belllavite P, Marzotto M, Olioso D, Mortti E, Conforti A (2014) High-dilution effects revisited. 1.Physicochemical aspects. Homeopathy 103:4–21CrossRef
20.
go back to reference Belllavite P, Marzotto M, Olioso D, Mortti E, Conforti A (2014) High-dilution effects revisited. 2.Pharmacodynamic mechanisms. Homeopathy 103:22–43CrossRef Belllavite P, Marzotto M, Olioso D, Mortti E, Conforti A (2014) High-dilution effects revisited. 2.Pharmacodynamic mechanisms. Homeopathy 103:22–43CrossRef
21.
go back to reference Oliveira CC, Oliveira SM, Goes VM, Probst CM, Krieger MA, Buchi DF (2008) Gene expression profiling of macrophages following mice treatment with immunomodulator medication. J Cell Biochem 104:1364–1377CrossRefPubMed Oliveira CC, Oliveira SM, Goes VM, Probst CM, Krieger MA, Buchi DF (2008) Gene expression profiling of macrophages following mice treatment with immunomodulator medication. J Cell Biochem 104:1364–1377CrossRefPubMed
22.
go back to reference Frenkel M, Mishra BM, Sen S, Yang P, Pawlus A, Vence I, Leblanc A, Cohen L, Banerji P, Banerji P (2010) Cytotoxic effects of ultra high diluted remedies on breast cancer cells. Int J Oncol 36:395–403PubMed Frenkel M, Mishra BM, Sen S, Yang P, Pawlus A, Vence I, Leblanc A, Cohen L, Banerji P, Banerji P (2010) Cytotoxic effects of ultra high diluted remedies on breast cancer cells. Int J Oncol 36:395–403PubMed
23.
go back to reference Borghini F, Dinelli G, Marottu I, Trebbi G, Borghini G, Betti L (2012) Electromagnetic information transfer (EMIT) by ultra high diluted (UHD) solutions: the suggestive hypothesis of an epinegenetic action. Int J High Dilution Res 11:113–114 Borghini F, Dinelli G, Marottu I, Trebbi G, Borghini G, Betti L (2012) Electromagnetic information transfer (EMIT) by ultra high diluted (UHD) solutions: the suggestive hypothesis of an epinegenetic action. Int J High Dilution Res 11:113–114
24.
go back to reference Khuda-Bukhsh AR (2012) Search for a molecular mechanism of action of the potentized homeopathic drugs in living organisms. Int J High Dilution Res 11:147 Khuda-Bukhsh AR (2012) Search for a molecular mechanism of action of the potentized homeopathic drugs in living organisms. Int J High Dilution Res 11:147
25.
go back to reference Marzotto M, Olioso D, Brizzi M, Tononi P, Cristofoletti M, Bellavite P (2014) Extreme sensitivity of gene expression in human SH-SY5Y neurocytes to ultra-low doses of Gelsemium sempervirens. BMC Complement Altern Med 14:104CrossRefPubMedCentralPubMed Marzotto M, Olioso D, Brizzi M, Tononi P, Cristofoletti M, Bellavite P (2014) Extreme sensitivity of gene expression in human SH-SY5Y neurocytes to ultra-low doses of Gelsemium sempervirens. BMC Complement Altern Med 14:104CrossRefPubMedCentralPubMed
26.
go back to reference Bonamin LV, Moraes Cl, Sanches F, Cardoso TN, Sato C, Duran Filho C, Martini LC (2012) Rats born to mothers treated with dexamethasone 15cH present changes in modulation of inflammatory process. Evid Based Complement Alternat Med. doi:10.1155/2012/73 PubMedCentralPubMed Bonamin LV, Moraes Cl, Sanches F, Cardoso TN, Sato C, Duran Filho C, Martini LC (2012) Rats born to mothers treated with dexamethasone 15cH present changes in modulation of inflammatory process. Evid Based Complement Alternat Med. doi:10.​1155/​2012/​73 PubMedCentralPubMed
27.
go back to reference Coelho CP, D´Almeida V, Pedrazzolli-Neto M, Duran-Filho C, Florio JC, Zincaglia LM, Bonamin LV (2006) Therapeutic and pathogenetic animal models for Dolichos pruriens. Homeopathy 95:136–143CrossRef Coelho CP, D´Almeida V, Pedrazzolli-Neto M, Duran-Filho C, Florio JC, Zincaglia LM, Bonamin LV (2006) Therapeutic and pathogenetic animal models for Dolichos pruriens. Homeopathy 95:136–143CrossRef
28.
go back to reference Rocha MP, Soares FM, Martini LC, Bonamin LV (2008) Behavior of rats treated with Rhus toxicodendron 200cH. Int J High Dilution Res 7:3–6 Rocha MP, Soares FM, Martini LC, Bonamin LV (2008) Behavior of rats treated with Rhus toxicodendron 200cH. Int J High Dilution Res 7:3–6
29.
go back to reference Bonamin LV, Sato C, Zalla Neto R, Morante G, Cardoso TN, Santana FR, Coelho CP, Osugui L, Popi AF, Hurtado ECP, Mariano M (2013) Immunomodulation of homeopathic Thymulin 5CH in a BCG-induced granuloma model. Evid Based Complement Alternat Med. doi:10.1155/2013/686018 PubMedCentralPubMed Bonamin LV, Sato C, Zalla Neto R, Morante G, Cardoso TN, Santana FR, Coelho CP, Osugui L, Popi AF, Hurtado ECP, Mariano M (2013) Immunomodulation of homeopathic Thymulin 5CH in a BCG-induced granuloma model. Evid Based Complement Alternat Med. doi:10.​1155/​2013/​686018 PubMedCentralPubMed
30.
go back to reference Bonamin LV (ed) (2008) Signals and images: contributions and contradictions about high dilution research. Springer, Dordrecht Bonamin LV (ed) (2008) Signals and images: contributions and contradictions about high dilution research. Springer, Dordrecht
31.
go back to reference Majewsky V, Arlt S, Shah D, Scherr C, Jager T, Betti L, Trebbi G, Bonamin LV, Klocke P, Baumgartner S (2009) Use of homeopathic preparations in experimental studies with healthy plants. Homeopathy 98:228–243CrossRefPubMed Majewsky V, Arlt S, Shah D, Scherr C, Jager T, Betti L, Trebbi G, Bonamin LV, Klocke P, Baumgartner S (2009) Use of homeopathic preparations in experimental studies with healthy plants. Homeopathy 98:228–243CrossRefPubMed
32.
go back to reference Bonamin LV, Endler PC (2010) Animal models for studying homeopathy and high dilutions: conceptual critical review. Homeopathy 99:37–50CrossRefPubMed Bonamin LV, Endler PC (2010) Animal models for studying homeopathy and high dilutions: conceptual critical review. Homeopathy 99:37–50CrossRefPubMed
33.
go back to reference Betti L, Trebbi G, Zurl M, Nani D, Peruzzi M, Brizzi M (2010) A review of three simple plant models and corresponding statistical tools for basic research in homeopathy. Sci World J 10:2330–2347CrossRef Betti L, Trebbi G, Zurl M, Nani D, Peruzzi M, Brizzi M (2010) A review of three simple plant models and corresponding statistical tools for basic research in homeopathy. Sci World J 10:2330–2347CrossRef
34.
Metadata
Title
Biology and sign theory: homeopathy emerging as a biosemiotic system
Authors
Leoni V. Bonamin
Silvia Waisse
Publication date
01-04-2015
Publisher
Springer Milan
Published in
Journal of Medicine and the Person / Issue 1/2015
Print ISSN: 2035-9411
Electronic ISSN: 2036-3877
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1007/s12682-014-0191-4

Other articles of this Issue 1/2015

Journal of Medicine and the Person 1/2015 Go to the issue

Homeopathy and Integrative Medicine

The concept of healing and integrative care