Top

Journal of Maxillofacial and Oral Surgery

Published in:

05-02-2022 | COVID-19 | Original article

Oral Manifestations of COVID-19 Infection: An Analytical Cross-Sectional Study

Authors: Aparna Ganesan, Shailendra Kumar, Amanjot Kaur, Kirti Chaudhry, Pravin Kumar, Naveen Dutt, Vijaya Lakshmi Nag, M. K. Garg

Published in: Journal of Maxillofacial and Oral Surgery | Issue 4/2022

Abstract

Objectives

The current COVID-19 pandemic has created a huge impact across the globe. Recent literature has reported the occurrence of varied oral lesions in COVID-19 patients in the form of sporadic case reports. This analytical cross-sectional study was carried out to gauge and understand the pattern of oral lesions in qualitative RT-PCR-confirmed COVID-19 patients.

Methods

A cross-sectional study involves a total of 500 qualitative RT-PCR confirmed, hospitalized COVID-19 patients who were meticulously scanned for any hard and soft tissue lesions developing concomitantly with the disease occurrence.

Results

This study included a total of 367 (73.4%) males and 133 (26.6%) female patients with a mean age of 53.46 ± 17.50 years. Almost 51.2% of patients presented with gustatory disturbance, 28% with xerostomia and 15.4% of patients were found to have oral findings like erythema, ulcers, depapillation of tongue. There was a statistically significant correlation between oral manifestations and disease severity (p ≤ 0.001).

Conclusion

COVID-19 is found to effect oral health with greater probability in patients with severe diseases (SARI) which may be due to disease itself, immune response and lack of motivation for personal hygiene measures.

Available only for authorised users

Huang C et al (2020) Clinical features of patients infected with 2019 novel coronavirus in Wuhan, China. The Lancet 395(10223):497–506. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(20)30183-5CrossRef

CDC, “Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19),” Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (2020) https://www.cdc.gov/coronavirus/2019-ncov/hcp/clinical-guidance-management-patients.html. Accessed 13 Dec 2020

Cascella M, Rajnik M, Cuomo A, Dulebohn SC, Di Napoli R (2020) Features, evaluation, and treatment of coronavirus. In: StatPearls, Treasure Island (FL): StatPearls Publishing, 2020. Accessed: Dec. 13, 2020. [Online]. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK554776/

“20200306-sitrep-46-covid-19.pdf.” Accessed 13 Dec 2020. [Online]. https://www.who.int/docs/default-source/coronaviruse/situation-reports/20200306-sitrep-46-covid-19.pdf?sfvrsn=96b04adf_4

Dell’Era V, Farri F, Garzaro G, Gatto M, Aluffi Valletti P, Garzaro M (2020) Smell and taste disorders during COVID‐19 outbreak: a cross‐sectional study on 355 patients. Head Neck. https://doi.org/10.1002/hed.26288

McLachlan CS (2020) The angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) receptor in the prevention and treatment of COVID-19 are distinctly different paradigms. Clin Hypertens 26. https://doi.org/10.1186/s40885-020-00147-x.

Hamming I, Timens W, Bulthuis MLC, Lely AT, Navis GJ, van Goor H (2004) Tissue distribution of ACE2 protein, the functional receptor for SARS coronavirus. A first step in understanding SARS pathogenesis. J Pathol 203(2):631–637. https://doi.org/10.1002/path.1570CrossRef

Dziedzic A, Wojtyczka R (2020) The impact of coronavirus infectious disease 19 (COVID-19) on oral health. Oral Dis. https://doi.org/10.1111/odi.13359CrossRef

Vieira AR (2019) Oral manifestations in coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). Oral Dis vol n/a, no n/a. https://doi.org/10.1111/odi.13463

10.

Schiffman SS, Zervakis J, Heffron S, Heald AE (1999) Effect of protease inhibitors on the sense of taste. Nutrition 15(10):767–772. https://doi.org/10.1016/s0899-9007(99)00152-5CrossRef

11.

Amorim Dos Santos J et al (2020) Oral manifestations in patients with COVID-19: a Living systematic review. J Dent Res 22034520957289. https://doi.org/10.1177/0022034520957289

12.

Vinayachandran D, Balasubramanian S (2020) Is gustatory impairment the first report of an oral manifestation in COVID-19? Oral Dis. https://doi.org/10.1111/odi.13371CrossRef

13.

Matsuo R (2000) Role of saliva in the maintenance of taste sensitivity. Crit Rev Oral Biol Med 11(2):216–229. https://doi.org/10.1177/10454411000110020501CrossRef

14.

Xu Z et al (2020) Pathological findings of COVID-19 associated with acute respiratory distress syndrome. Lancet Respir Med 8(4):420–422. https://doi.org/10.1016/S2213-2600(20)30076-XCrossRef

15.

Ciccarese G, Drago F, Boatti M, Porro A, Muzic SI, Parodi A (2020) Oral erosions and petechiae during SARS-CoV-2 infection. J Med Virol. https://doi.org/10.1002/jmv.26221CrossRef

16.

Amorim Dos Santos J et al (2020) Oral mucosal lesions in a COVID-19 patient: new signs or secondary manifestations? Int J Infect Dis 97:326–328. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijid.2020.06.012CrossRef

17.

Ansari R, Gheitani M, Heidari F, Heidari F (2020) Oral cavity lesions as a manifestation of the novel virus (COVID-19). Oral Dis. https://doi.org/10.1111/odi.13465CrossRef

18.

Cebeci Kahraman F, ÇaŞkurlu H (2020) Mucosal involvement in a COVID‐19‐positive patient: a case report. Dermatol Ther. https://doi.org/10.1111/dth.13797

19.

Chaux-Bodard A-G, Deneuve S, Desoutter A (2020) Oral manifestation of Covid-19 as an inaugural symptom? J Oral Med Oral Surg 26(2), Art. no. 2. https://doi.org/10.1051/mbcb/2020011

20.

Martín Carreras-Presas C, Amaro Sánchez J, López-Sánchez AF, Jané-Salas E, Somacarrera Pérez ML (2020) Oral vesiculobullous lesions associated with SARS-CoV-2 infection. Oral Dis. https://doi.org/10.1111/odi.13382

21.

Eka Putra B, Adiarto S, Dewayanti S, Juzar D (2020) Viral Exanthem with ‘Pin and Needles Sensation’ on extremities of COVID-19 patient. Int J Infect Dis 96. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijid.2020.05.020

22.

Soares CD, de Carvalho RA, de Carvalho KA, de Carvalho MGF, de Almeida OP (2020) Letter to editor: oral lesions in a patient with Covid-19. Med Oral Patol Oral Cir Bucal 25(4):e563–e564. https://doi.org/10.4317/medoral.24044CrossRef

23.

Patel J, Woolley J Necrotizing periodontal disease: oral manifestation of COVID-19. Oral Dis vol n/a, no n/a. https://doi.org/10.1111/odi.13462

24.

Sakaida T, Tanimoto I, Matsubara A, Nakamura M, Morita A (2020) Unique skin manifestations of COVID-19: Is drug eruption specific to COVID-19? J Dermatol Sci 99(1):62–64. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jdermsci.2020.05.002CrossRef

25.

Brandão TB et al (2020) Oral lesions in patients with SARS-CoV-2 infection: Could the oral cavity be a target organ? Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol Oral Radiol. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.oooo.2020.07.014CrossRef

26.

Díaz Rodríguez M, Jimenez Romera A, Villarroel M (2020) Oral manifestations associated with COVID‐19. Oral Dis. https://doi.org/10.1111/odi.13555

27.

Dominguez-Santas M, Diaz-Guimaraens B, Fernandez-Nieto D, Jimenez-Cauhe J, Ortega-Quijano D, Suarez-Valle A (2020) Minor aphthae associated with SARS-CoV-2 infection. Int J Dermatol. https://doi.org/10.1111/ijd.15004CrossRef

28.

Corchuelo J, Ulloa FC (2020) Oral manifestations in a patient with a history of asymptomatic COVID-19: Case report. Int J Infect Dis 100:154–157. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijid.2020.08.071CrossRef

Title: Oral Manifestations of COVID-19 Infection: An Analytical Cross-Sectional Study
Authors: Aparna Ganesan
Shailendra Kumar
Amanjot Kaur
Kirti Chaudhry
Pravin Kumar
Naveen Dutt
Vijaya Lakshmi Nag
M. K. Garg
Publication date: 05-02-2022
Publisher: Springer India
Keyword: COVID-19
Published in: Journal of Maxillofacial and Oral Surgery / Issue 4/2022
Print ISSN: 0972-8279
Electronic ISSN: 0974-942X
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12663-021-01679-x

At a glance: The ONWARDS insulin icodec trials

Springer Medicine

Oral Manifestations of COVID-19 Infection: An Analytical Cross-Sectional Study

Abstract

Objectives

Methods

Results

Conclusion

At a glance: The ONWARDS insulin icodec trials

Springer Medicine

Abstract

Objectives

Methods

Results

Conclusion

Please log in to get access to this content

Other articles of this Issue 4/2022

Maxillofacial Injuries in Padel Game

Gossypiboma: An Unintentional Iatrogenic Error

COVID-19 and Rhino-Cerebral Mucormycosis: Correspondence

Atypical Orthognathic Surgical Protocol for Facial Feminisation as an Adjunct to Gender Affirmation Therapy: a Case Report

Determination of the Volume and Density of Mandibular Ramus as a Donor Site Using CBCT

The Changing Face of Head and Neck Cancer; How the Head and Neck One-Stop Clinic Has Evolved Since Conception