Glottic impersonation

Excerpt

Observing the endotracheal tube (ETT) pass through the vocal cords is widely taught and promoted as a means to ensure correct ETT placement. However, in isolation, this may be an insufficient way to determine success. The accompanying image is from a clinical grade, lightly embalmed, cadaver used in the teaching of an advanced airway course; the cadaveric airway is clinically indistinguishable from that of a live patient in terms of its tissue responsiveness. It shows how forceful video laryngoscopy, direct laryngoscopy, or even bag-mask ventilation, can distort the esophageal opening (E) causing the esophagus to “impersonate” the glottic (G) opening. This could fool the laryngoscopist into inserting the ETT into the esophagus while insisting it was correctly placed in the trachea. Arguably, this could be even more likely during emergency airway situations due to stress-induced aggressive laryngoscopy and impaired decision-making. This image highlights why seeing the ETT go through the vocal cords may not be as “gold” a standard for confirmation of correct ETT placement as it was once thought and has now been usurped by waveform capnography or bronchoscopy.

…