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Published in: Canadian Journal of Anesthesia/Journal canadien d'anesthésie 6/2015

01-06-2015 | Reports of Original Investigations

Évaluation de la courbe d’apprentissage du bloc du plan transverse abdominal: étude prospective observationnelle

Authors: Florence Vial, MD, Sébastien Mory, MD, Philippe Guerci, MD, Benoit Grandjean, MD, Léa Petry, MD, Adeline Perrein, MD, Hervé Bouaziz, PhD

Published in: Canadian Journal of Anesthesia/Journal canadien d'anesthésie | Issue 6/2015

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Résumé

Introduction

L’anesthésie est une spécialité nécessitant l’acquisition d’un grand nombre de gestes techniques dont la durée d’apprentissage est variable selon le geste et l’individu. Le bloc du plan transverse abdominal (TAP) bloc est un bloc ayant démontré son efficacité notamment dans l’analgésie des laparotomies sous-ombilicales. Il est classiquement décrit comme une technique simple même si sa courbe d’apprentissage n’a jamais été réalisée. Le but de cette étude était d’évaluer l’apprentissage du TAP bloc échoguidé dans une population d’internes n’ayant jamais pratiqué ce bloc.

Méthodes

Il s’agit d’une étude prospective observationnelle réalisée en chirurgie gynécologique et en chirurgie générale au CHU de Nancy entre novembre 2011 et juin 2012. Six internes devaient réaliser après une courte formation théorique 20 TAP blocs échoguidés sous la supervision d’un médecin sénior. La réussite de la procédure impliquait la visualisation et l’identification des différents plans musculaire, du péritoine, et de la pointe de l’aiguille, une évaluation de l’efficacité du TAP bloc, l’absence d’intervention du médecin sénior, l’absence de complications, moins de trois essais et un score de satisfaction du sénior supérieur à 7 sur une échelle s’étalant de 0 à 10. Une courbe d’apprentissage par la méthode « somme cumulée » ou « learning curve - cummulative summation » (LC-CUSUM) était établie.

Résultats

Les six internes ont effectué les 20 blocs requis. Tous les internes avaient déjà réalisés des procédures échoguidées. La procédure était considérée comme acquise après la réalisation de 16 blocs en moyenne pour obtenir 90 % de réussite. Le temps moyen de réalisation (écart-type) du bloc passait de 6,83 (4,1) min en début d’étude à 2,75 (1,25) min en fin d’étude. Une réduction du nombre de repositionnements de l’aiguille et du nombre d’interventions du sénior était observée au cours du temps. En analyse (LC-CUSUM), la totalité des internes avaient acquis la technique du TAP bloc en 20 procédures.

Conclusion

Cette étude démontre que le TAP bloc est un bloc d’acquisition rapide même si son apprentissage est soumis à une variabilité inter-individuelle due à une différence de dextérité des opérateurs tant technique que d’acquisition des images échographiques.
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Metadata
Title
Évaluation de la courbe d’apprentissage du bloc du plan transverse abdominal: étude prospective observationnelle
Authors
Florence Vial, MD
Sébastien Mory, MD
Philippe Guerci, MD
Benoit Grandjean, MD
Léa Petry, MD
Adeline Perrein, MD
Hervé Bouaziz, PhD
Publication date
01-06-2015
Publisher
Springer US
Published in
Canadian Journal of Anesthesia/Journal canadien d'anesthésie / Issue 6/2015
Print ISSN: 0832-610X
Electronic ISSN: 1496-8975
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1007/s12630-015-0338-7

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