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Published in: Canadian Journal of Anesthesia/Journal canadien d'anesthésie 11/2012

01-11-2012 | Reports of Original Investigations

Étude pilote randomisée comparant la vidéo-laryngoscopie et la laryngoscopie directe chez les patients gravement malades

Authors: Donald E. G. Griesdale, MD, Anthony Chau, MD, George Isac, MD, Najib Ayas, MD, Denise Foster, RN, Corrie Irwin, RRT, Peter Choi, MD, for the Canadian Critical Care Trials Group

Published in: Canadian Journal of Anesthesia/Journal canadien d'anesthésie | Issue 11/2012

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Résumé

Objectif

L’intubation endotrachéale chez des patients gravement malades est associée à un risque élevé de complications qui tendent à être plus nombreuses après de multiples tentatives de laryngoscopie. Dans cette étude pilote, nous avons comparé la laryngoscopie directe (DL) et la vidéo-laryngoscopie (VL) pour ce qui concerne le nombre de tentatives et d’autres paramètres cliniques au cours de l’intubation endotrachéale de patients gravement malades réalisée par des praticiens novices.

Méthodes

Les patients ont été randomisés dans un groupe d’intubation endotrachéale par VL ou par DL. Les critères d’exclusion de l’étude étaient les suivants : nécessité d’une intubation endotrachéale immédiate, précautions à prendre pour la colonne cervicale, difficultés attendues pour l’intubation, saturation en oxygène < 90 %, ou pression artérielle systolique < 80 mmHg malgré la réanimation. Les praticiens – essentiellement des résidents autres que des résidents en anesthésiologie, effectuant leurs trois premières années de formation postdoctorale, ont reçu un enseignement d’une heure et une session de formation sur mannequin avant de réaliser les procédures.

Résultats

Quarante patients, d’âge moyen 65 ans (écart type 16 ans) ont été randomisés dans le groupe VL (n = 20) ou DL (n = 20). Soixante pour cent des patients ont eu une intubation endotrachéale pour insuffisance respiratoire et tous les patients ont reçu un curare. Des tentatives multiples ont été nécessaires chez 25 patients sur 40 (63 %) et cette proportion n’a pas été différente selon la technique (P = 1,0). La vidéo-laryngoscopie a entraîné une meilleure visualisation de la glotte, 85 % des patients ayant un score de Cormack-Lehane de grade I, comparativement à 30 % des patients dans le groupe DL (P < 0,001). Le temps total d’intubation pour la VL a été de 221 secondes (plage interquartile [IQR 103-291]) contre 156 secondes [IQR 67-220] pour la DL (P = 0,15). La vidéo-laryngoscopie a entraîné une SaO2 médiane (86 %) plus basse au cours de l’intubation trachéale [IQR 75-93], comparativement à une SaO2 médiane de 95 % dans le groupe DL [IQR 85-99] (P = 0,04).

Conclusions

La vidéo-laryngoscopie a procuré une meilleure visualisation de la glotte comparée à la DL. Toutefois, cela ne s’est pas traduit par une amélioration des résultats cliniques. L’étude a été enregistrée sur le site ClinicalTrials.gov sous le numéro NCT00911755.
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Metadata
Title
Étude pilote randomisée comparant la vidéo-laryngoscopie et la laryngoscopie directe chez les patients gravement malades
Authors
Donald E. G. Griesdale, MD
Anthony Chau, MD
George Isac, MD
Najib Ayas, MD
Denise Foster, RN
Corrie Irwin, RRT
Peter Choi, MD
for the Canadian Critical Care Trials Group
Publication date
01-11-2012
Publisher
Springer-Verlag
Published in
Canadian Journal of Anesthesia/Journal canadien d'anesthésie / Issue 11/2012
Print ISSN: 0832-610X
Electronic ISSN: 1496-8975
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1007/s12630-012-9775-8

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