Top

Published in:

01-03-2010 | Case Report

Duplication of the inferior vena cava: anatomy, embryology and classification proposal

Authors: Konstantinos Natsis, Stylianos Apostolidis, George Noussios, Efthymia Papathanasiou, Aggela Kyriazidou, Vasilios Vyzas

Published in: Anatomical Science International | Issue 1/2010

Abstract

A case of a duplicated inferior vena cava (IVC) along with other anatomical vessel variations in a 72-year-old male cadaver is presented. The anomalous vessels involved, besides the IVC, were the left testicular vein and artery, the left suprarenal artery and a superior accessory left renal artery. Based on the gross appearance of the preaortic anastomotic trunk between the left and right IVC as well as on the underlying embryological features, a classification is proposed: incomplete bilateral duplication of the IVC and complete bilateral duplication of the IVC. The latter can be further divided into three types: major, minor and asymmetric.

Asala S, Chaudhary SC, Masumbuko-Kahamba N, Bidmos M (2001) Anatomical variations in the human testicular blood vessels. Ann Anat 183:545–549CrossRefPubMed

Babaian RJ, Johnson DE (1979) Major venous anomalies complicating retroperitoneal surgery. South Med J 72:1254–1258PubMed

Bass JE, Redwine MD, Kramer LA, Huynh PT, Harris JH Jr (2000) Spectrum of congenital anomalies of the inferior vena cava: cross sectional imaging findings. Radiographics 20:639–652PubMed

Çiçekcibaşi AE, Salbacak A, Şeker M, Ziylan T, Büyükmumcu M, Uysal İİ (2002) The origin of gonadal arteries in human fetuses: anatomical variations. Ann Anat 184:275–279CrossRefPubMed

Cornillie P, Simoens P (2005) Prenatal development of the caudal vena cava in mammals: review of the different theories with special reference to the dog. Anat Histol Embryol 34:364–372CrossRefPubMed

Doyle AJ, Melendez MG, Simons MA (1992) Ipsilateral duplication of the inferior vena cava. J Clin Ultrasound 20:481–485CrossRefPubMed

Evans JC, Earis J, Curtis J (2001) Thrombosed double inferior vena cava mimicking paraaortic lymphadenopathy. Br J Radiol 74:192–194PubMed

Honma S, Tokiyoshi A, Kawai K, Koizumi M, Kodama K (2008) Left inferior vena cava with regressed right inferior vena cava. Anat Sci Int 83:173–178CrossRefPubMed

Itoh M, Moriyama H, Tokunaga Y et al (2001) Embryological consideration of drainage of the left testicular vein into the ipsilateral renal vein: analysis of cases of a double inferior vena cava. Int J Androl 24:142–152CrossRefPubMed

Khaledpour C, Matanovic P, Rienäcker J, Grönniger J (1990) An abdominal aortic aneurysm in combination with duplication of the inferior vena cava, the right renal artery and the right renal vein. Surg Radiol Anat 12:73–76CrossRefPubMed

Kudo FA, Nishibe T, Miyazaki K, Flores J, Yasuda K (2003) Left renal vein anomaly associated with abdominal aortic aneurysm surgery: report of a case. Surg Today 33:609–611CrossRefPubMed

Lewis SJ (1992) Observations on a double inferior vena cava. A case report with a literature review. Clin Anat 5:227–233CrossRef

Mathews R, Smith PA, Fishman EK, Marshall FF (1999) Anomalies of the inferior vena cava and renal veins: embryologic and surgical considerations. Urol 53:873–880CrossRefPubMed

McClure CFW, Butler EG (1925) The development of the vena cava inferior in man. Am J Anat 35:331–383CrossRef

Monkhouse WS, Khalique A (1986) The adrenal and renal veins of man and their connections with azygos and lumbar veins. J Anat 146:105–115PubMed

Morita S, Higuchi M, Saito N, Mitsuhashi N (2007) Pelvic venous variations in patients with congenital inferior vena cava anomalies: classification with computed tomography. Acta Radiol 48:974–979CrossRefPubMed

Naito M, Terayama H, Nakamura Y, Hayashi S, Miyaki T, Itoh M (2006) Left testicular artery arching over the ipsilateral renal vein. Asian J Androl 8:107–110CrossRefPubMed

Natsis K, Iordache G, Xepoulias P, Tsikaras P (2003) Preaortic iliac venous confluence. Marsupial vena cava. Case report. Morphologie 87:21–23PubMed

Natsis K, Tsitouridis I, Totlis T, Levva S, Tsikaras P, Skandalakis P (2008) Proposal for classification of the circumaortic renal collar’s morphology. Am Surg 74:1190–1194PubMed

Nirupama A, Pallapothu R, Holmes R, Johnson MD (2005) Inferior vena cava duplication and deep venous thrombosis: case report and review of literature. Ann Vasc Surg 19:740–743CrossRef

Nomina Embryologica (1983) In: Nomina anatomica, 5th edn; Nomina Histologica, 2nd edn and Nomina Embryologica, 2nd edn. Prepared by Subcommittees of the International Anatomical Nomenclature Committee. Williams & Wilkins, Baltimore, p 1E22

Notkovich H (1956) Variations in the testicular and ovarian arteries in relation to renal pedicle. Surg Gynecol Obstet 103:487–495PubMed

Özkan U, Oğuzkurt L, Tercan F, Kizilkiliç O, Koç Z, Koca N (2006) Renal artery origins and variations: angiographic evaluation of 855 consecutive patients. Diagn Interv Radiol 12:183–186PubMed

Rischbieth H (1914) Anomaly of the inferior vena cava: duplication of the post-renal segment. J Anat Physiol 48:287–292PubMed

Satyapal KS, Haffejee AA, Singh B, Ramsaroop L, Robbs JV, Kalideen JM (2001) Additional renal arteries incidence and morphometry. Surg Radiol Anat 23:33–38CrossRefPubMed

Senecail B, Lefevre C, Person H, Meriot P (1987) Radiologic anatomy of duplication of the inferior vena cava: a trap in abdominal imaging. A report of 8 cases. Surg Radiol Anat 9:151–157CrossRefPubMed

Shaw MBK, Cutress M, Papavassiliou V, White S, Thompson M, Sayers R (2003) Duplicated inferior vena cava and crossed renal ectopia with abdominal aortic aneurysm: preoperative anatomic studies facilitate surgery. Clin Anat 16:355–357CrossRefPubMed

Sórócó HS, Erbil KM, Tastan H, Yener N (2001) Anomalous veins of the retroperitoneum: clinical considerations. Surg Radiol Anat 23:443–445

Tagliafico A, Capaccio E, Rosenberg I, Martinoli C, Derchi LE (2007) Double right inferior vena cava associated with an anomalous venous ring encircling the right common iliac artery: report of one case with CT and US. Eur J Radiol Extra 64:111–115CrossRef

Taniguchi H, Miyauchi Y, Kobayashi Y, Seino Y, Takano T (2001) Case report: pulmonary embolism from thrombosis in a duplicated inferior vena cava developing after an electrophysiologic procedure. J Interv Card Electrophysiol 5:75–79CrossRefPubMed

Tohno Y, Tohno S, Azuma C et al (2006) One case of the double inferior venae cavae found in a Japanese man. J Nara Med Assoc 57:193–197

Tubbs RS, Salter EG, Oakes WJ (2005) Unusual drainage of the testicular veins. Clin Anat 18:536–539CrossRefPubMed

Ueda J, Hara K, Kobayashi Y, Ohue S, Uchida H (1983) Anomaly of the inferior vena cava observed by CT. Comput Radiol 7:145–154CrossRefPubMed

Wagner J, Bogush G (1993) An abnormal pattern of blood vessels in the retroperitoneal space with a duplicated inferior vena cava in an adult: a case report. Surg Radiol Anat 15:201–205CrossRefPubMed

Waterston D (1913) Duplication of the post-renal segment of the vena cava inferior. J Anat Physiol 47:433–435PubMed

Xue HG, Yang CY, Ishida S et al (2005) Duplicate testicular veins accompanied by anomalies of the testicular arteries. Ann Anat 187:393–398CrossRefPubMed

Xue HG, Yang CY, Asakawa M, Tanuma K, Ozawa H (2006) Duplication of the inferior vena cava associated with other variations. Anat Sci Int 82:121–125CrossRef

Yang CY, Xue HG, Tanuma K, Ozawa H (2008) Variations of the bilateral testicular veins: embryological and clinical considerations. Surg Radiol Anat 30:53–55CrossRefPubMed

Title: Duplication of the inferior vena cava: anatomy, embryology and classification proposal
Authors: Konstantinos Natsis
Stylianos Apostolidis
George Noussios
Efthymia Papathanasiou
Aggela Kyriazidou
Vasilios Vyzas
Publication date: 01-03-2010
Publisher: Springer Japan
Published in: Anatomical Science International / Issue 1/2010
Print ISSN: 1447-6959
Electronic ISSN: 1447-073X
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12565-009-0036-z

At a glance: The ONWARDS insulin icodec trials

Springer Medicine

Duplication of the inferior vena cava: anatomy, embryology and classification proposal

Abstract

At a glance: The ONWARDS insulin icodec trials

Springer Medicine

Abstract

Please log in to get access to this content

Other articles of this Issue 1/2010

Size and separability of the calcaneal and the medial and lateral plantar nerves in the distal tibial nerve

Scanning electron microscopy study of bone intracortical vessels using an injection and fractured surfaces technique

An investigation of human jejunal and ileal arteries

The human superior tarsal muscle (Müller’s muscle): a morphological classification with surgical correlations

Surgical anatomy of the nasolacrimal duct on the lateral nasal wall as revealed by serial dissections

Transient expression of keratin during neuronal development in the adult rabbit spinal ganglion