A simple working type classification proposed for oral manifestations of endocrine disorders

Excerpt

The oral cavity is the mirror of systemic disease, and the dentist or oral clinician is often the first person to detect the oral manifestations of endocrine dysfunction and refer the patient to an endocrinologist [1, 2]. A simple working classification for oral manifestations of endocrine disorders is proposed here (Table 1). This classification is based on changes in the hard (teeth and bone) and soft (oral mucosa) tissues of the oral cavity due to endocrine disorders. This classification includes individual oral manifestations of endocrine disorders of the pituitary gland, thyroid gland, parathyroid gland, adrenal gland, and the pancreas. Such as burning mouth syndrome, xerostomia, dysgeusia—in the presence of psychosomatic disorders also manifest clinically as oral manifestations of endocrine dysfunction [3, 4]. This classification system will be useful for endocrinologists and oral clinicians and help them to get acquainted with the oral manifestations of endocrine disorders. …