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International Journal of Behavioral Medicine
Published in: International Journal of Behavioral Medicine 2/2015

01-04-2015

The German PASS-20 in Patients with Low Back Pain: New Aspects of Convergent, Divergent, and Criterion-Related Validity

Authors: Nina Kreddig, Adina C. Rusu, Katja Burkhardt, Monika I. Hasenbring

Published in: International Journal of Behavioral Medicine | Issue 2/2015

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Abstract

Background

The PASS-20 (McCracken and Dhingra, Pain Res Manag 7:45−50, 2002) is a shortened version of the Pain Anxiety Symptoms Scale (PASS), a self-report measure of pain anxiety. The PASS-20 demonstrates good psychometric characteristics but has not yet been validated in a German population.

Purpose

The aims of the present study were to (1) examine the factor structure and psychometric characteristics of the German PASS-20; (2) investigate its construct validity with respect to depression, fear-avoidance, and endurance; and (3) determine its criterion-related validity with a special emphasis on pain, disability, and quality of life.

Method

A principal component analysis was performed on a sample (N = 195) of patients with acute, subacute, and chronic low back pain. Reliability was examined with Cronbach’s α. Validity was assessed by correlating the PASS-20 to measures of depression, anxiety, disability, quality of life, and avoidance-endurance-related behavioral pain responses.

Results

The original four-factor structure proposed for the PASS-20 was replicated using the original subscale labels. The reliability of the total score and the subscales was satisfactory to excellent, and both convergent and divergent validity were moderate to high in the expected directions, showing positive correlations with anxiety, fear, depression, and fear-avoidance and negative correlations with endurance and quality of life. The PASS-20 showed unique predictive ability and advantages over the Tampa Scale of Kinesiophobia.

Conclusions

The results for the German PASS-20 support the original factor structure and provide evidence of satisfactory psychometric characteristics and usefulness in patients with low back pain.
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Metadata
Title
The German PASS-20 in Patients with Low Back Pain: New Aspects of Convergent, Divergent, and Criterion-Related Validity
Authors
Nina Kreddig
Adina C. Rusu
Katja Burkhardt
Monika I. Hasenbring
Publication date
01-04-2015
Publisher
Springer US
Published in
International Journal of Behavioral Medicine / Issue 2/2015
Print ISSN: 1070-5503
Electronic ISSN: 1532-7558
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1007/s12529-014-9426-2

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