Skip to main content
Key Specialties
Cardiology Diabetology Endocrinology Gastroenterology Geriatrics and Gerontology Gynecology and Obstetrics Hematology Infectious Disease Internal Medicine Nephrology Neurology Oncology Pediatrics Respiratory Medicine Rheumatology Surgery
Congress Coverage
2024 ACC Congress 2023 ESMO Congress 2023 EASD Congress 2023 ERS Congress 2023 ESC Congress
Clinical Collections
Advances in Alzheimer’s

At a glance: The STEP trials

A round-up of the STEP phase 3 clinical trials evaluating semaglutide for weight loss in people with overweight or obesity.
ADVANCED SEARCH
Log in
Top
Cancer Microenvironment
Published in: Cancer Microenvironment 1/2012

01-04-2012 | Original Paper

Regulation of Epithelial-Mesenchymal Transition by Transmission of Mechanical Stress through Epithelial Tissues

Authors: Nikolce Gjorevski, Eline Boghaert, Celeste M. Nelson

Published in: Cancer Microenvironment | Issue 1/2012

Login to get access

Abstract

Epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) is a phenotypic shift wherein epithelial cells lose or loosen attachments to their neighbors and assume a mesenchymal-like morphology. EMT drives a variety of developmental processes, but may also be adopted by tumor cells during neoplastic progression. EMT is regulated by both biochemical and physical signals from the microenvironment, including mechanical stress, which is increasingly recognized to play a major role in development and disease progression. Biological systems generate, transmit and concentrate mechanical stress into spatial patterns; these gradients in mechanical stress may serve to spatially pattern developmental and pathologic EMTs. Here we review how epithelial tissues generate and respond to mechanical stress gradients, and highlight the mechanisms by which mechanical stress regulates and patterns EMT.
Literature
1.
Hay ED (1995) An overview of epithelio-mesenchymal transformation. Acta Anat (Basel) 154:8–20CrossRef
2.
3.
Shook D, Keller R (2003) Mechanisms, mechanics and function of epithelial-mesenchymal transitions in early development. Mech Dev 120:1351–1383PubMedCrossRef
4.
Tarin D, Thompson EW, Newgreen DF (2005) The fallacy of epithelial mesenchymal transition in neoplasia. Cancer Res 65:5996–6000PubMedCrossRef
5.
Thompson EW, Newgreen DF, Tarin D (2005) Carcinoma invasion and metastasis: a role for epithelial-mesenchymal transition? Cancer Res 65:5991–5995PubMedCrossRef
6.
Kang Y, Massague J (2004) Epithelial-mesenchymal transitions: twist in development and metastasis. Cell 118:277–279PubMedCrossRef
7.
Vega S, Morales AV, Ocana OH, Valdes F, Fabregat I, Nieto MA (2004) Snail blocks the cell cycle and confers resistance to cell death. Genes Dev 18:1131–1143PubMedCrossRef
8.
Chen CS, Mrksich M, Huang S, Whitesides GM, Ingber DE (1997) Geometric control of cell life and death. Science 276:1425–1428PubMedCrossRef
9.
Nelson CM, Jean RP, Tan JL, Liu WF, Sniadecki NJ, Spector AA, Chen CS (2005) Emergent patterns of growth controlled by multicellular form and mechanics. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 102:11594–11599PubMedCrossRef
10.
Engler AJ, Sen S, Sweeney HL, Discher DE (2006) Matrix elasticity directs stem cell lineage specification. Cell 126:677–689PubMedCrossRef
11.
McBeath R, Pirone DM, Nelson CM, Bhadriraju K, Chen CS (2004) Cell shape, cytoskeletal tension, and RhoA regulate stem cell lineage commitment. Dev Cell 6:483–495PubMedCrossRef
12.
Gomez EW, Chen QK, Gjorevski N, Nelson CM (2010) Tissue geometry patterns epithelial-mesenchymal transition via intercellular mechanotransduction. J Cell Biochem 110:44–51PubMed
13.
Nelson CM, Khauv D, Bissell MJ, Radisky DC (2008) Change in cell shape is required for matrix metalloproteinase-induced epithelial-mesenchymal transition of mammary epithelial cells. J Cell Biochem 105:25–33PubMedCrossRef
14.
Adams DS, Keller R, Koehl MAR (1990) The mechanics of notochord elongation, straightening and stiffening in the embryo of xenopus-laevis. Development 110:115–130PubMed
15.
16.
Kiehart DP, Galbraith CG, Edwards KA, Rickoll WL, Montague RA (2000) Multiple forces contribute to cell sheet morphogenesis for dorsal closure in Drosophila. J Cell Biol 149:471–490PubMedCrossRef
17.
Hutson MS, Tokutake Y, Chang MS, Bloor JW, Venakides S, Kiehart DP, Edwards GS (2003) Forces for morphogenesis investigated with laser microsurgery and quantitative modeling. Science 300:145–149PubMedCrossRef
18.
Toyama Y, Peralta XG, Wells AR, Kiehart DP, Edwards GS (2008) Apoptotic force and tissue dynamics during Drosophila embryogenesis. Science 321:1683–1686PubMedCrossRef
19.
Desprat N, Supatto W, Pouille PA, Beaurepaire E, Farge E (2008) Tissue deformation modulates twist expression to determine anterior midgut differentiation in Drosophila embryos. Dev Cell 15:470–477PubMedCrossRef
20.
Farge E (2003) Mechanical induction of twist in the Drosophila foregut/stomodeal primordium. Curr Biol 13:1365–1377PubMedCrossRef
21.
Moore KA, Polte T, Huang S, Shi B, Alsberg E, Sunday ME, Ingber DE (2005) Control of basement membrane remodeling and epithelial branching morphogenesis in embryonic lung by Rho and cytoskeletal tension. Dev Dyn 232:268–281PubMedCrossRef
22.
Michael L, Sweeney DE, Davies JA (2005) A role for microfilament-based contraction in branching morphogenesis of the ureteric bud. Kidney Int 68:2010–2018PubMedCrossRef
23.
Gjorevski N, Nelson CM (2010) Endogenous patterns of mechanical stress are required for branching morphogenesis. Integr Biol 2:424–434CrossRef
24.
Stull MA, Pai V, Vomachka AJ, Marshall AM, Jacob GA, Horseman ND (2007) Mammary gland homeostasis employs serotonergic regulation of epithelial tight junctions. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 104:16708–16713PubMedCrossRef
25.
Fritz G, Just I, Kaina B (1999) Rho GTPases are over-expressed in human tumors. Int J Cancer 81:682–687PubMedCrossRef
26.
Croft DR, Sahai E, Mavria G, Li SX, Tsai J, Lee WMF, Marshall CJ, Olson MF (2004) Conditional ROCK activation in vivo induces tumor cell dissemination and angiogenesis. Cancer Res 64:8994–9001PubMedCrossRef
27.
Akiri G, Sabo E, Dafni H, Vadasz Z, Kartvelishvily Y, Gan N, Kessler O, Cohen T, Resnick M, Neeman M, Neufeld G (2003) Lysyl oxidase-related protein-1 promotes tumor fibrosis and tumor progression in vivo. Cancer Res 63:1657–1666PubMed
28.
Levental KR, Yu H, Kass L, Lakins JN, Egeblad M, Erler JT, Fong SF, Csiszar K, Giaccia A, Weninger W, Yamauchi M, Gasser DL, Weaver VM (2009) Matrix crosslinking forces tumor progression by enhancing integrin signaling. Cell 139:891–906PubMedCrossRef
29.
Paszek MJ, Zahir N, Johnson KR, Lakins JN, Rozenberg GI, Gefen A, Reinhart-King CA, Margulies SS, Dembo M, Boettiger D, Hammer DA, Weaver VM (2005) Tensional homeostasis and the malignant phenotype. Cancer Cell 8:241–254PubMedCrossRef
30.
Thiery JP, Acloque H, Huang RY, Nieto MA (2009) Epithelial-mesenchymal transitions in development and disease. Cell 139:871–890PubMedCrossRef
31.
Zeisberg M, Neilson EG (2009) Biomarkers for epithelial-mesenchymal transitions. J Clin Invest 119:1429–1437PubMedCrossRef
32.
Thiery JP (2002) Epithelial-mesenchymal transitions in tumour progression. Nat Rev Cancer 2:442–454PubMedCrossRef
33.
Kalluri R, Weinberg RA (2009) The basics of epithelial-mesenchymal transition. J Clin Invest 119:1420–1428PubMedCrossRef
34.
Kalluri R (2009) EMT: when epithelial cells decide to become mesenchymal-like cells. J Clin Invest 119:1417–1419PubMedCrossRef
35.
Zavadil J, Bottinger EP (2005) TGF-beta and epithelial-to-mesenchymal transitions. Oncogene 24:5764–5774PubMedCrossRef
36.
Valcourt U, Kowanetz M, Niimi H, Heldin CH, Moustakas A (2005) TGF-beta and the Smad signaling pathway support transcriptomic reprogramming during epithelial-mesenchymal cell transition. Mol Biol Cell 16:1987–2002PubMedCrossRef
37.
Zavadil J, Cermak L, Soto-Nieves N, Bottinger EP (2004) Integration of TGF-beta/Smad and Jagged1/Notch signalling in epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition. EMBO J 23:1155–1165PubMedCrossRef
38.
Xu J, Lamouille S, Derynck R (2009) TGF-beta-induced epithelial to mesenchymal transition. Cell Res 19:156–172PubMedCrossRef
39.
Yang YC, Piek E, Zavadil J, Liang D, Xie D, Heyer J, Pavlidis P, Kucherlapati R, Roberts AB, Bottinger EP (2003) Hierarchical model of gene regulation by transforming growth factor beta. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 100:10269–10274PubMedCrossRef
40.
Nieto MA (2002) The snail superfamily of zinc-finger transcription factors. Nat Rev Mol Cell Biol 3:155–166PubMedCrossRef
41.
Batlle E, Sancho E, Franci C, Dominguez D, Monfar M, Baulida J, Garcia De Herreros A (2000) The transcription factor snail is a repressor of E-cadherin gene expression in epithelial tumour cells. Nat Cell Biol 2:84–89PubMedCrossRef
42.
Hemavathy K, Guru SC, Harris J, Chen JD, Ip YT (2000) Human Slug is a repressor that localizes to sites of active transcription. Mol Cell Biol 20:5087–5095PubMedCrossRef
43.
Bolos V, Peinado H, Perez-Moreno MA, Fraga MF, Esteller M, Cano A (2003) The transcription factor Slug represses E-cadherin expression and induces epithelial to mesenchymal transitions: a comparison with Snail and E47 repressors. J Cell Sci 116:499–511PubMedCrossRef
44.
Hajra KM, Chen DY, Fearon ER (2002) The SLUG zinc-finger protein represses E-cadherin in breast cancer. Cancer Res 62:1613–1618PubMed
45.
Cano A, Perez-Moreno MA, Rodrigo I, Locascio A, Blanco MJ, del Barrio MG, Portillo F, Nieto MA (2000) The transcription factor snail controls epithelial-mesenchymal transitions by repressing E-cadherin expression. Nat Cell Biol 2:76–83PubMedCrossRef
46.
Bhowmick NA, Ghiassi M, Bakin A, Aakre M, Lundquist CA, Engel ME, Arteaga CL, Moses HL (2001) Transforming growth factor-beta1 mediates epithelial to mesenchymal transdifferentiation through a RhoA-dependent mechanism. Mol Biol Cell 12:27–36PubMed
47.
Fukata M, Kaibuchi K (2001) Rho-family GTPases in cadherin-mediated cell-cell adhesion. Nat Rev Mol Cell Biol 2:887–897PubMedCrossRef
48.
Radisky DC, Levy DD, Littlepage LE, Liu H, Nelson CM, Fata JE, Leake D, Godden EL, Albertson DG, Nieto MA, Werb Z, Bissell MJ (2005) Rac1b and reactive oxygen species mediate MMP-3-induced EMT and genomic instability. Nature 436:123–127PubMedCrossRef
49.
Harris AK, Wild P, Stopak D (1980) Silicone-rubber substrata—new wrinkle in the study of cell locomotion. Science 208:177–179PubMedCrossRef
50.
Dembo M, Wang YL (1999) Stresses at the cell-to-substrate interface during locomotion of fibroblasts. Biophys J 76:2307–2316PubMedCrossRef
51.
Pelham RJ, Wang YL (1999) High resolution detection of mechanical forces exerted by locomoting fibroblasts on the substrate. Mol Biol Cell 10:935–945PubMed
52.
Tan JL, Tien J, Pirone DM, Gray DS, Bhadriraju K, Chen CS (2003) Cells lying on a bed of microneedles: an approach to isolate mechanical force. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 100:1484–1489PubMedCrossRef
53.
ChrzanowskaWodnicka M, Burridge K (1996) Rho-stimulated contractility drives the formation of stress fibers and focal adhesions. J Cell Biol 133:1403–1415CrossRef
54.
Landsverk ML, Epstein HF (2005) Genetic analysis of myosin II assembly and organization in model organisms. Cell Mol Life Sci 62:2270–2282PubMedCrossRef
55.
Amano M, Ito M, Kimura K, Fukata Y, Chihara K, Nakano T, Matsuura Y, Kaibuchi K (1996) Phosphorylation and activation of myosin by Rho-associated kinase (Rho-kinase). J Biol Chem 271:20246–20249PubMedCrossRef
56.
Ishizaki T, Naito M, Fujisawa K, Maekawa M, Watanabe N, Saito Y, Narumiya S (1997) p160(ROCK), a Rho-associated coiled-coil forming protein kinase, works downstream of Rho and induces focal adhesions. FEBS Lett 404:118–124PubMedCrossRef
57.
Kimura K, Ito M, Amano M, Chihara K, Fukata Y, Nakafuku M, Yamamori B, Feng J, Nakano T, Okawa K, Iwamatsu A, Kaibuchi K (1996) Regulation of myosin phosphatase by Rho and Rho-associated kinase (Rho-kinase). Science 273:245–248PubMedCrossRef
58.
59.
Galbraith CG, Yamada KM, Sheetz MP (2002) The relationship between force and focal complex development. J Cell Biol 159:695–705PubMedCrossRef
60.
Wozniak MA, Desai R, Solski PA, Der CJ, Keely PJ (2003) ROCK-generated contractility regulates breast epithelial cell differentiation in response to the physical properties of a three-dimensional collagen matrix. J Cell Biol 163:583–595PubMedCrossRef
61.
Burridge K, Fath K, Kelly T, Nuckolls G, Turner C (1988) Focal adhesions—transmembrane junctions between the extracellular-matrix and the cytoskeleton. Annu Rev Cell Biol 4:487–525PubMedCrossRef
62.
Miyamoto S, Akiyama SK, Yamada KM (1995) Synergistic roles for receptor occupancy and aggregation in integrin transmembrane function. Science 267:883–885PubMedCrossRef
63.
Reinhart-King CA, Dembo M, Hammer DA (2008) Cell-cell mechanical communication through compliant substrates. Biophys J 95:6044–6051PubMedCrossRef
64.
McNeill H, Ryan TA, Smith SJ, Nelson WJ (1993) Spatial and temporal dissection of immediate and early events following cadherin-mediated epithelial cell adhesion. J Cell Biol 120:1217–1226PubMedCrossRef
65.
Adams CL, Nelson WJ (1998) Cytomechanics of cadherin-mediated cell-cell adhesion. Curr Opin Cell Biol 10:572–577PubMedCrossRef
66.
Dudek SM, Garcia JG (2001) Cytoskeletal regulation of pulmonary vascular permeability. J Appl Physiol 91:1487–1500PubMed
67.
Beloussov LV, Dorfman JG, Cherdantzev VG (1975) Mechanical stresses and morphological patterns in amphibian embryos. J Embryol Exp Morphol 34:559–574PubMed
68.
Ruiz SA, Chen CS (2008) Emergence of patterned stem cell differentiation within multicellular structures. Stem Cells 26:2921–2927PubMedCrossRef
69.
Tang D, Mehta D, Gunst SJ (1999) Mechanosensitive tyrosine phosphorylation of paxillin and focal adhesion kinase in tracheal smooth muscle. Am J Physiol 276:C250–C258PubMed
70.
Yano Y, Geibel J, Sumpio BE (1996) Tyrosine phosphorylation of pp 125FAK and paxillin in aortic endothelial cells induced by mechanical strain. Am J Physiol 271:C635–C649PubMed
71.
Wang HB, Dembo M, Hanks SK, Wang YL (2001) Focal adhesion kinase is involved in mechanosensing during fibroblast migration. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 98:11295–11300PubMedCrossRef
72.
Wang Y, Botvinick EL, Zhao Y, Berns MW, Usami S, Tsien RY, Chien S (2005) Visualizing the mechanical activation of Src. Nature 434:1040–1045PubMedCrossRef
73.
Schlaepfer DD, Mitra SK (2004) Multiple connections link FAK to cell motility and invasion. Curr Opin Genet Dev 14:92–101PubMedCrossRef
74.
von Wichert G, Krndija D, Schmid H, Haerter G, Adler G, Seufferlein T, Sheetz MP (2008) Focal adhesion kinase mediates defects in the force-dependent reinforcement of initial integrin-cytoskeleton linkages in metastatic colon cancer cell lines. Eur J Cell Biol 87:1–16CrossRef
75.
Lim Y, Lim ST, Tomar A, Gardel M, Bernard-Trifilo JA, Chen XL, Uryu SA, Canete-Soler R, Zhai J, Lin H, Schlaepfer WW, Nalbant P, Bokoch G, Ilic D, Waterman-Storer C, Schlaepfer DD (2008) PyK2 and FAK connections to p190Rho guanine nucleotide exchange factor regulate RhoA activity, focal adhesion formation, and cell motility. J Cell Biol 180:187–203PubMedCrossRef
76.
Pirone DM, Liu WF, Ruiz SA, Gao L, Raghavan S, Lemmon CA, Romer LH, Chen CS (2006) An inhibitory role for FAK in regulating proliferation: a link between limited adhesion and RhoA-ROCK signaling. J Cell Biol 174:277–288PubMedCrossRef
77.
Bao L, Locovei S, Dahl G (2004) Pannexin membrane channels are mechanosensitive conduits for ATP. FEBS Lett 572:65–68PubMedCrossRef
78.
Sukharev S, Corey DP (2004) Mechanosensitive channels: multiplicity of families and gating paradigms. Sci STKE 2004:re4
79.
Baneyx G, Baugh L, Vogel V (2002) Fibronectin extension and unfolding within cell matrix fibrils controlled by cytoskeletal tension. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 99:5139–5143PubMedCrossRef
80.
Starr DA, Han M (2003) ANChors away: an actin based mechanism of nuclear positioning. J Cell Sci 116:211–216PubMedCrossRef
81.
Zastrow MS, Vlcek S, Wilson KL (2004) Proteins that bind A-type lamins: integrating isolated clues. J Cell Sci 117:979–987PubMedCrossRef
82.
Zhang Q, Skepper JN, Yang F, Davies JD, Hegyi L, Roberts RG, Weissberg PL, Ellis JA, Shanahan CM (2001) Nesprins: a novel family of spectrin-repeat-containing proteins that localize to the nuclear membrane in multiple tissues. J Cell Sci 114:4485–4498PubMed
83.
Elberg G, Chen L, Elberg D, Chan MD, Logan CJ, Turman MA (2008) MKL1 mediates TGF-beta1-induced alpha-smooth muscle actin expression in human renal epithelial cells. Am J Physiol Renal Physiol 294:F1116–F1128PubMedCrossRef
84.
Morita T, Mayanagi T, Sobue K (2007) Dual roles of myocardin-related transcription factors in epithelial mesenchymal transition via slug induction and actin remodeling. J Cell Biol 179:1027–1042PubMedCrossRef
85.
Posern G, Treisman R (2006) Actin’ together: serum response factor, its cofactors and the link to signal transduction. Trends Cell Biol 16:588–596PubMedCrossRef
86.
Olson EN, Nordheim A (2010) Linking actin dynamics and gene transcription to drive cellular motile functions. Nat Rev Mol Cell Biol 11:353–365PubMedCrossRef
87.
Miralles F, Posern G, Zaromytidou AI, Treisman R (2003) Actin dynamics control SRF activity by regulation of its coactivator MAL. Cell 113:329–342PubMedCrossRef
88.
Vartiainen MK, Guettler S, Larijani B, Treisman R (2007) Nuclear actin regulates dynamic subcellular localization and activity of the SRF cofactor MAL. Science 316:1749–1752PubMedCrossRef
89.
Rosenblatt J, Raff MC, Cramer LP (2001) An epithelial cell destined for apoptosis signals its neighbors to extrude it by an actin- and myosin-dependent mechanism. Curr Biol 11:1847–1857PubMedCrossRef
90.
Somogyi K, Rorth P (2004) Evidence for tension-based regulation of Drosophila MAL and SRF during invasive cell migration. Dev Cell 7:85–93PubMedCrossRef
91.
Connelly JT, Gautrot JE, Trappmann B, Tan DW, Donati G, Huck WT, Watt FM (2010) Actin and serum response factor transduce physical cues from the microenvironment to regulate epidermal stem cell fate decisions. Nat Cell Biol 12:711–718PubMedCrossRef
92.
Mouilleron S, Langer CA, Guettler S, McDonald NQ, Treisman R (2011) Structure of a pentavalent G-Actin*MRTF-A complex reveals how G-Actin controls nucleocytoplasmic shuttling of a transcriptional coactivator. Sci Signal 4:ra40
93.
Masszi A, Speight P, Charbonney E, Lodyga M, Nakano H, Szaszi K, Kapus A (2010) Fate-determining mechanisms in epithelial-myofibroblast transition: major inhibitory role for Smad3. J Cell Biol 188:383–399PubMedCrossRef
94.
Masszi A, Kapus A (2011) Smaddening complexity: the role of smad3 in epithelial-myofibroblast transition. Cells Tissues Organs 193:41–52PubMedCrossRef
95.
Gumbiner BM (2005) Regulation of cadherin-mediated adhesion in morphogenesis. Nat Rev Mol Cell Biol 6:622–634PubMedCrossRef
96.
Micalizzi DS, Farabaugh SM, Ford HL (2010) Epithelial-mesenchymal transition in cancer: parallels between normal development and tumor progression. J Mammary Gland Biol Neoplasia 15:117–134PubMedCrossRef
97.
O’Brien LE, Zegers MM, Mostov KE (2002) Opinion: building epithelial architecture: insights from three-dimensional culture models. Nat Rev Mol Cell Biol 3:531–537PubMedCrossRef
98.
Nelson CM, Vanduijn MM, Inman JL, Fletcher DA, Bissell MJ (2006) Tissue geometry determines sites of mammary branching morphogenesis in organotypic cultures. Science 314:298–300PubMedCrossRef
99.
Lee K, Gjorevski N, Boghaert E, Radisky DC, Nelson CM (2011) Snail1, Snail2, and E47 promote mammary epithelial branching morphogenesis. EMBO J
100.
Arnoux V, Come C, Kusewitt D, Hudson L, Savagner P (2005) Cutaneous wound reepithelialization: a partial and reversible EMT. In: Savagner P (ed) Rise and fall of epithelial phenotype: concepts of epithelial-mesenchymal transition. Springer, Berlin, pp 111–134
101.
Higton DI, James DW (1964) The force of contraction of full-thickness wounds of rabbit skin. Br J Surg 51:462–466PubMedCrossRef
102.
Tomasek JJ, Gabbiani G, Hinz B, Chaponnier C, Brown RA (2002) Myofibroblasts and mechano-regulation of connective tissue remodelling. Nat Rev Mol Cell Biol 3:349–363PubMedCrossRef
103.
Tomasek JJ, McRae J, Owens GK, Haaksma CJ (2005) Regulation of alpha-smooth muscle actin expression in granulation tissue myofibroblasts is dependent on the intronic CArG element and the transforming growth factor-beta1 control element. Am J Pathol 166:1343–1351PubMedCrossRef
104.
Oft M, Heider KH, Beug H (1998) TGFbeta signaling is necessary for carcinoma cell invasiveness and metastasis. Curr Biol 8:1243–1252PubMedCrossRef
105.
Brabletz T, Jung A, Reu S, Porzner M, Hlubek F, Kunz-Schughart LA, Knuechel R, Kirchner T (2001) Variable beta-catenin expression in colorectal cancers indicates tumor progression driven by the tumor environment. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 98:10356–10361PubMedCrossRef
Metadata
Title
Regulation of Epithelial-Mesenchymal Transition by Transmission of Mechanical Stress through Epithelial Tissues
Authors
Nikolce Gjorevski
Eline Boghaert
Celeste M. Nelson
Publication date
01-04-2012
Publisher
Springer Netherlands
Published in
Cancer Microenvironment / Issue 1/2012
Print ISSN: 1875-2292
Electronic ISSN: 1875-2284
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1007/s12307-011-0076-5

Other articles of this Issue 1/2012

Cancer Microenvironment 1/2012 Go to the issue

Original Paper

Transforming Growth Factor-β1 (TGF-β1) Driven Epithelial to Mesenchymal Transition (EMT) is Accentuated by Tumour Necrosis Factor α (TNFα) via Crosstalk Between the SMAD and NF-κB Pathways

OriginalPaper

The Interrelating Dynamics of Hypoxic Tumor Microenvironments and Cancer Cell Phenotypes in Cancer Metastasis

Original Paper

The Inflammatory Tumor Microenvironment, Epithelial Mesenchymal Transition and Lung Carcinogenesis

Preface

Soiling the Seed: Microenvironment and Epithelial Mesenchymal Plasticity

Review Paper

Epithelial-Mesenchymal Transition Induced by Senescent Fibroblasts

Original Paper

Partial Mesenchymal to Epithelial Reverting Transition in Breast and Prostate Cancer Metastases
Webinar | 19-02-2024 | 17:30 (CET)

Keynote webinar | Spotlight on antibody–drug conjugates in cancer

Watch now

Antibody–drug conjugates (ADCs) are novel agents that have shown promise across multiple tumor types. Explore the current landscape of ADCs in breast and lung cancer with our experts, and gain insights into the mechanism of action, key clinical trials data, existing challenges, and future directions.

Dr. Véronique Diéras
Prof. Fabrice Barlesi
Developed by: Springer Medicine
Image Credits