Skip to main content
Top
Published in: Cancer Microenvironment 1/2009

Open Access 01-09-2009 | Original Paper

The Tumor Microenvironment: The Making of a Paradigm

Author: Isaac P. Witz

Published in: Cancer Microenvironment | Special Issue 1/2009

Login to get access

Abstract

What has been will be again, what has been done will be done again; there is nothing new under the sun
(Ecclesiastes 1:9)
Stephen Paget was the conceptual father of the role played by the Tumor Microenvironment (TME) in tumor progression. The focus of this essay is the developmental phase of the post Paget TME research. Attempts will be made to highlight some of the pioneering work of scientists from the late sixties through the eighties of last century who laid the foundations for the contemporary scientific achievements of TME research but whose ground breaking studies are rarely cited. This review should serve as a small tribute to their great work.
Literature
1.
go back to reference Onuigbo WI (1975) Human model for studying seed–soil factors in blood-borne metastasis. Arch Pathol 99:342–343PubMed Onuigbo WI (1975) Human model for studying seed–soil factors in blood-borne metastasis. Arch Pathol 99:342–343PubMed
2.
go back to reference Hart IR, Fidler IJ (1980) Role of organ selectivity in the determination of metastatic patterns of B16 melanoma. Cancer Res 40:2281–2287PubMed Hart IR, Fidler IJ (1980) Role of organ selectivity in the determination of metastatic patterns of B16 melanoma. Cancer Res 40:2281–2287PubMed
3.
go back to reference Hart IR (1982) ‘Seed and soil’ revisited: mechanisms of site-specific metastasis. Cancer Metastasis Rev 1:5–16PubMedCrossRef Hart IR (1982) ‘Seed and soil’ revisited: mechanisms of site-specific metastasis. Cancer Metastasis Rev 1:5–16PubMedCrossRef
4.
go back to reference Weiss L, Voit A, Lane WW (1984) Metastatic patterns in patients with carcinomas of the lower esophagus and upper rectum. Invasion Metastasis 4:47–60PubMed Weiss L, Voit A, Lane WW (1984) Metastatic patterns in patients with carcinomas of the lower esophagus and upper rectum. Invasion Metastasis 4:47–60PubMed
5.
go back to reference Weiss L, Harlos JP, Torhorst J et al (1988) Metastatic patterns of renal carcinoma: an analysis of 687 necropsies. J Cancer Res Clin Oncol 114:605–612PubMedCrossRef Weiss L, Harlos JP, Torhorst J et al (1988) Metastatic patterns of renal carcinoma: an analysis of 687 necropsies. J Cancer Res Clin Oncol 114:605–612PubMedCrossRef
6.
go back to reference Nicolson GL (1988) Organ specificity of tumor metastasis: role of preferential adhesion, invasion and growth of malignant cells at specific secondary sites. Cancer Metastasis Rev 7:143–188PubMedCrossRef Nicolson GL (1988) Organ specificity of tumor metastasis: role of preferential adhesion, invasion and growth of malignant cells at specific secondary sites. Cancer Metastasis Rev 7:143–188PubMedCrossRef
7.
go back to reference Pauli BU, Lee CL (1988) Organ preference of metastasis. The role of organ-specifically modulated endothelial cells. Lab Invest 58:379–387PubMed Pauli BU, Lee CL (1988) Organ preference of metastasis. The role of organ-specifically modulated endothelial cells. Lab Invest 58:379–387PubMed
8.
go back to reference Cher ML (2001) Mechanisms governing bone metastasis in prostate cancer. Curr Opin Urol 11:483–488PubMedCrossRef Cher ML (2001) Mechanisms governing bone metastasis in prostate cancer. Curr Opin Urol 11:483–488PubMedCrossRef
9.
go back to reference Fidler IJ (2003) The pathogenesis of cancer metastasis: the ‘seed and soil’ hypothesis revisited. Nat Rev Cancer 3:453–458PubMedCrossRef Fidler IJ (2003) The pathogenesis of cancer metastasis: the ‘seed and soil’ hypothesis revisited. Nat Rev Cancer 3:453–458PubMedCrossRef
10.
go back to reference Auerbach R (1988) Patterns of tumor metastasis: organ selectivity in the spread of cancer cells. Lab Invest 58:361–364PubMed Auerbach R (1988) Patterns of tumor metastasis: organ selectivity in the spread of cancer cells. Lab Invest 58:361–364PubMed
11.
go back to reference Ran M, Witz IP (1972) Tumor-associated immunoglobulins. Enhancement of syngeneic tumors by IgG2-containing tumor eluates. Int J Cancer 9:242–247PubMedCrossRef Ran M, Witz IP (1972) Tumor-associated immunoglobulins. Enhancement of syngeneic tumors by IgG2-containing tumor eluates. Int J Cancer 9:242–247PubMedCrossRef
12.
go back to reference Witz IP (1973) The biological significance of tumor-bound immunoglobulins. Curr Top Microbiol Immunol 61:151–171PubMed Witz IP (1973) The biological significance of tumor-bound immunoglobulins. Curr Top Microbiol Immunol 61:151–171PubMed
13.
go back to reference Vánky F, Trempe G, Klein E et al (1975) Human tumor-lymphocyte interaction in vitro: blastogenesis correlated to detectable immunoglobulin in the biopsy. Int J Cancer 16:113–124PubMedCrossRef Vánky F, Trempe G, Klein E et al (1975) Human tumor-lymphocyte interaction in vitro: blastogenesis correlated to detectable immunoglobulin in the biopsy. Int J Cancer 16:113–124PubMedCrossRef
14.
go back to reference Richters A, Kaspersky CL (1975) Surface immunoglobulin positive lymphocytes in human breast cancer tissue and homolateral axillary lymph nodes. Cancer 35:129–133PubMedCrossRef Richters A, Kaspersky CL (1975) Surface immunoglobulin positive lymphocytes in human breast cancer tissue and homolateral axillary lymph nodes. Cancer 35:129–133PubMedCrossRef
15.
go back to reference Jondal M, Klein G (1975) Classification of lymphocytes in nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) biopsies. Biomedicine 23:163–165PubMed Jondal M, Klein G (1975) Classification of lymphocytes in nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) biopsies. Biomedicine 23:163–165PubMed
16.
go back to reference Haskill JS, Yamamura Y, Radov L (1975) Host responses within solid tumors: non-thymus-derived specific cytotoxic cells within a murine mammary adenocarcinoma. Int J Cancer 16:798–809PubMedCrossRef Haskill JS, Yamamura Y, Radov L (1975) Host responses within solid tumors: non-thymus-derived specific cytotoxic cells within a murine mammary adenocarcinoma. Int J Cancer 16:798–809PubMedCrossRef
17.
go back to reference Catalona WJ, Mann R, Nime F et al (1975) Identification of complement-receptor lymphocytes (B cells) in lymph nodes and tumor infiltrates. J Urol 114:915–921PubMed Catalona WJ, Mann R, Nime F et al (1975) Identification of complement-receptor lymphocytes (B cells) in lymph nodes and tumor infiltrates. J Urol 114:915–921PubMed
18.
go back to reference Zeromski J, Gorny MK, Wruk M et al (1975) Behaviour of local and systemic immunoglobulins in patients with lung cancer. Int Arch Allergy Appl Immunol 49:548–563PubMedCrossRef Zeromski J, Gorny MK, Wruk M et al (1975) Behaviour of local and systemic immunoglobulins in patients with lung cancer. Int Arch Allergy Appl Immunol 49:548–563PubMedCrossRef
19.
go back to reference Hersh GM Mavligit, Gutterman JU et al (1976) Mononuclear cell content of human solid tumors. Med Pediatr Oncol 2:1–9PubMedCrossRef Hersh GM Mavligit, Gutterman JU et al (1976) Mononuclear cell content of human solid tumors. Med Pediatr Oncol 2:1–9PubMedCrossRef
20.
go back to reference Russel SW, Doe WF, Cochrane CG (1976) Number of macrophages and distribution of mitotic activity in regressing and progressing Moloney sarcomas. J Immunol 116:164–166PubMed Russel SW, Doe WF, Cochrane CG (1976) Number of macrophages and distribution of mitotic activity in regressing and progressing Moloney sarcomas. J Immunol 116:164–166PubMed
21.
go back to reference Klein E, Becker S, Svedmyr E et al (1976) Tumor infiltrating lymphocytes. Ann. NY Acad. Sci 276:207–216PubMedCrossRef Klein E, Becker S, Svedmyr E et al (1976) Tumor infiltrating lymphocytes. Ann. NY Acad. Sci 276:207–216PubMedCrossRef
22.
go back to reference Klein E, Svedmyr E, Jondal M et al (1977) Functional studies on tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes in man. Isr J Med Sci 13:747–752PubMed Klein E, Svedmyr E, Jondal M et al (1977) Functional studies on tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes in man. Isr J Med Sci 13:747–752PubMed
23.
go back to reference Brubaker DB, Whiteside TL (1977) Localization of human T lymphocytes in tissue sections by a rosetting technique. Am J Pathol 88:323–332PubMed Brubaker DB, Whiteside TL (1977) Localization of human T lymphocytes in tissue sections by a rosetting technique. Am J Pathol 88:323–332PubMed
24.
go back to reference Vose BM, Vanky F, Argov S et al (1977) Natural cytotoxicity in man: activity of lymph node and tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes. Eur J Immunol 7:353–357PubMedCrossRef Vose BM, Vanky F, Argov S et al (1977) Natural cytotoxicity in man: activity of lymph node and tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes. Eur J Immunol 7:353–357PubMedCrossRef
25.
go back to reference Witz IP (1977) Tumor-bound immunoglobulins: in situ expressions of humoral immunity. Adv Cancer Res 25:95–148PubMedCrossRef Witz IP (1977) Tumor-bound immunoglobulins: in situ expressions of humoral immunity. Adv Cancer Res 25:95–148PubMedCrossRef
26.
go back to reference Stewart CC, Beetham KL (1978) Cytocidal activity and proliferative ability of macrophages infiltrating the EMT6 tumor. Int J Cancer 22:152–159PubMedCrossRef Stewart CC, Beetham KL (1978) Cytocidal activity and proliferative ability of macrophages infiltrating the EMT6 tumor. Int J Cancer 22:152–159PubMedCrossRef
27.
go back to reference Vose BM (1979) Functional activity of human tumor-infiltrating macrophages. Adv Exp Med Biol 114:783–787PubMed Vose BM (1979) Functional activity of human tumor-infiltrating macrophages. Adv Exp Med Biol 114:783–787PubMed
28.
go back to reference Vose BM, Moore M (1979) Suppressor cell activity of lymphocytes infiltrating human lung and breast tumours. Int J Cancer 24:579–585PubMedCrossRef Vose BM, Moore M (1979) Suppressor cell activity of lymphocytes infiltrating human lung and breast tumours. Int J Cancer 24:579–585PubMedCrossRef
29.
go back to reference Svennevig JL, Svaar H (1979) Content and distribution of macrophages and lymphocytes in solid malignant human tumours. Int J Cancer 24:754–758PubMedCrossRef Svennevig JL, Svaar H (1979) Content and distribution of macrophages and lymphocytes in solid malignant human tumours. Int J Cancer 24:754–758PubMedCrossRef
30.
go back to reference Klein E, Vanky F, Galili U et al (1980) Separation and characteristics of tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes in man. Contemp Top Immunobiol 10:79–107PubMed Klein E, Vanky F, Galili U et al (1980) Separation and characteristics of tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes in man. Contemp Top Immunobiol 10:79–107PubMed
31.
go back to reference Moore K, Moore M (1979) Systemic and in-situ natural killer activity in tumour-bearing rats. Br J Cancer 39:636–647PubMed Moore K, Moore M (1979) Systemic and in-situ natural killer activity in tumour-bearing rats. Br J Cancer 39:636–647PubMed
32.
go back to reference Yron I, Wood TA Jr, Spiess PJ et al (1980) In vitro growth of murine T cells. V. The isolation and growth of lymphoid cells infiltrating syngeneic solid tumors. J Immunol 125:238–245PubMed Yron I, Wood TA Jr, Spiess PJ et al (1980) In vitro growth of murine T cells. V. The isolation and growth of lymphoid cells infiltrating syngeneic solid tumors. J Immunol 125:238–245PubMed
33.
go back to reference Totterman TH, Parthenais E, Hayry P et al (1980) Cytological and functional analysis of inflammatory infiltrates in human malignant tumors. III. Further functional investigations using cultured autochthonous tumor cell lines and freeze-thawed infiltrating inflammatory cells. Cell Immunol 55:219–226PubMedCrossRef Totterman TH, Parthenais E, Hayry P et al (1980) Cytological and functional analysis of inflammatory infiltrates in human malignant tumors. III. Further functional investigations using cultured autochthonous tumor cell lines and freeze-thawed infiltrating inflammatory cells. Cell Immunol 55:219–226PubMedCrossRef
34.
go back to reference Ran M, Yaakubowicz M, Amitai O et al (1980) Tumor-localizing lymphocytotoxic antibodies. Contemp Top Immunobiol 10:191–211PubMed Ran M, Yaakubowicz M, Amitai O et al (1980) Tumor-localizing lymphocytotoxic antibodies. Contemp Top Immunobiol 10:191–211PubMed
35.
go back to reference Talmadge JE, Key M, Fidler IJ (1981) Macrophage content of metastatic and nonmetastatic rodent neoplasms. J Immunol 126:2245–2248PubMed Talmadge JE, Key M, Fidler IJ (1981) Macrophage content of metastatic and nonmetastatic rodent neoplasms. J Immunol 126:2245–2248PubMed
36.
go back to reference Haskill S, Becker S, Fowler W et al (1982) Mononuclear-cell infiltration in ovarian cancer. I. Inflammatory-cell infiltrates from tumour and ascites material. Br J Cancer 45:728–736PubMed Haskill S, Becker S, Fowler W et al (1982) Mononuclear-cell infiltration in ovarian cancer. I. Inflammatory-cell infiltrates from tumour and ascites material. Br J Cancer 45:728–736PubMed
37.
go back to reference Ran M, Klein G, Witz IP (1976) Tumor-bound immunoglobulins. Evidence for the in vivo coating of tumor cells by potentially cytotoxic anti-tumour antibodies. Int J Cancer 17:90–97PubMedCrossRef Ran M, Klein G, Witz IP (1976) Tumor-bound immunoglobulins. Evidence for the in vivo coating of tumor cells by potentially cytotoxic anti-tumour antibodies. Int J Cancer 17:90–97PubMedCrossRef
38.
go back to reference Braslawsky GR, Yaackubowicz M, Frensdorff A et al (1976) Receptors for immune complexes on cells within a non-lymphoid murine tumor. J Immunol 116:1571–1578PubMed Braslawsky GR, Yaackubowicz M, Frensdorff A et al (1976) Receptors for immune complexes on cells within a non-lymphoid murine tumor. J Immunol 116:1571–1578PubMed
39.
go back to reference Zusman T, Gohar O, Eliassi H et al (1996) The murine Fc-gamma (Fc gamma) receptor type II B1 is a tumorigenicity-enhancing factor in polyoma-virus-transformed 3T3 cells. Int J Cancer 65:221–229PubMedCrossRef Zusman T, Gohar O, Eliassi H et al (1996) The murine Fc-gamma (Fc gamma) receptor type II B1 is a tumorigenicity-enhancing factor in polyoma-virus-transformed 3T3 cells. Int J Cancer 65:221–229PubMedCrossRef
40.
go back to reference Ran M, Katz B, Kimchi N et al (1991) The in-vivo acquisition of FcγRII expression on polyoma virus transformed cells derived from tumors of long latency. Cancer Res 51:612–618PubMed Ran M, Katz B, Kimchi N et al (1991) The in-vivo acquisition of FcγRII expression on polyoma virus transformed cells derived from tumors of long latency. Cancer Res 51:612–618PubMed
41.
go back to reference Witz IP, Hanna MG Jr (eds) (1980) Contemp Top Immunobiol, 10. In situ expression of tumor immunity. Plenum, New York Witz IP, Hanna MG Jr (eds) (1980) Contemp Top Immunobiol, 10. In situ expression of tumor immunity. Plenum, New York
42.
go back to reference Folkman J, Merler E, Abernathy C et al (1971) Isolation of a tumor factor responsible for angiogenesis. J Exp Med 133:275–288PubMedCrossRef Folkman J, Merler E, Abernathy C et al (1971) Isolation of a tumor factor responsible for angiogenesis. J Exp Med 133:275–288PubMedCrossRef
43.
go back to reference Folkman J (1971) Tumor angiogenesis: therapeutic implications. N Engl J Med 285:1182–1186PubMed Folkman J (1971) Tumor angiogenesis: therapeutic implications. N Engl J Med 285:1182–1186PubMed
44.
go back to reference Brem S, Cotran R, Folkman J (1972) Tumor angiogenesis: a quantitative method for histologic grading. J Natl Cancer Inst 48:347–356PubMed Brem S, Cotran R, Folkman J (1972) Tumor angiogenesis: a quantitative method for histologic grading. J Natl Cancer Inst 48:347–356PubMed
45.
go back to reference Folkman J (1972) Anti-angiogenesis: new concept for therapy of solid tumors. Ann Surg 175:409–416PubMedCrossRef Folkman J (1972) Anti-angiogenesis: new concept for therapy of solid tumors. Ann Surg 175:409–416PubMedCrossRef
46.
go back to reference Blumberg N (1974) Tumor angiogenesis factor. Speculations on an approach to cancer chemotherapy. Yale J Biol Med 47:71–81PubMed Blumberg N (1974) Tumor angiogenesis factor. Speculations on an approach to cancer chemotherapy. Yale J Biol Med 47:71–81PubMed
47.
go back to reference Folkman J (1974) Tumor angiogensis: role in regulation of tumor growth. Symp Soc Dev Biol 30:43–52PubMed Folkman J (1974) Tumor angiogensis: role in regulation of tumor growth. Symp Soc Dev Biol 30:43–52PubMed
49.
go back to reference Folkman J (1975) Tumor angiogenesis: a possible control point in tumor growth. Ann Intern Med 82:96–100PubMed Folkman J (1975) Tumor angiogenesis: a possible control point in tumor growth. Ann Intern Med 82:96–100PubMed
50.
go back to reference Brem H, Folkman J (1975) Inhibition of tumor angiogenesis mediated by cartilage. J Exp Med 141:427–439PubMedCrossRef Brem H, Folkman J (1975) Inhibition of tumor angiogenesis mediated by cartilage. J Exp Med 141:427–439PubMedCrossRef
51.
go back to reference Wolf JE, Hubler WR (1975) Tumour angiogenic factor associated with subcutaneous lymphoma. Br J Dermatol 92:273–277PubMedCrossRef Wolf JE, Hubler WR (1975) Tumour angiogenic factor associated with subcutaneous lymphoma. Br J Dermatol 92:273–277PubMedCrossRef
52.
go back to reference Wolf JE Jr, Hubler WR Jr (1975) Tumor angiogenic factor and human skin tumors. Arch Dermatol 111:321–327PubMedCrossRef Wolf JE Jr, Hubler WR Jr (1975) Tumor angiogenic factor and human skin tumors. Arch Dermatol 111:321–327PubMedCrossRef
53.
go back to reference Folkman J, Cotran R (1976) Relation of vascular proliferation to tumor growth. Int Rev Exp Pathol 16:207–248PubMed Folkman J, Cotran R (1976) Relation of vascular proliferation to tumor growth. Int Rev Exp Pathol 16:207–248PubMed
54.
go back to reference Brem S (1976) The role of vascular proliferation in the growth of brain tumors. Clin Neurosurg 23:440–453PubMed Brem S (1976) The role of vascular proliferation in the growth of brain tumors. Clin Neurosurg 23:440–453PubMed
55.
go back to reference Falterman KW, Ausprunk H, Klein MD (1976) Role of tumor angiogenesis factor in maintenance of tumor-induced vessels. Surg Forum 27:157–159PubMed Falterman KW, Ausprunk H, Klein MD (1976) Role of tumor angiogenesis factor in maintenance of tumor-induced vessels. Surg Forum 27:157–159PubMed
56.
go back to reference Gospodarowicz D (1976) Humoral control of cell proliferation: the role of fibroblast growth factor in regeneration, angiogenesis, wound healing, and neoplastic growth. Prog Clin Biol Res 9:1–19PubMed Gospodarowicz D (1976) Humoral control of cell proliferation: the role of fibroblast growth factor in regeneration, angiogenesis, wound healing, and neoplastic growth. Prog Clin Biol Res 9:1–19PubMed
57.
go back to reference Kessler DA, Langer RS, Pless NA et al (1976) Mast cells and tumor angiogenesis. Int J Cancer 18:703–709PubMedCrossRef Kessler DA, Langer RS, Pless NA et al (1976) Mast cells and tumor angiogenesis. Int J Cancer 18:703–709PubMedCrossRef
58.
go back to reference Auerbach R, Kubai L, Sidky Y (1976) Angiogenesis induction by tumors, embryonic tissues, and lymphocytes. Cancer Res 36:3435–3440PubMed Auerbach R, Kubai L, Sidky Y (1976) Angiogenesis induction by tumors, embryonic tissues, and lymphocytes. Cancer Res 36:3435–3440PubMed
59.
go back to reference Sidky YA, Auerbach R (1976) Lymphocyte-induced angiogenesis in tumor-bearing mice. Science 192:1237–1238PubMedCrossRef Sidky YA, Auerbach R (1976) Lymphocyte-induced angiogenesis in tumor-bearing mice. Science 192:1237–1238PubMedCrossRef
60.
go back to reference Jones PA, De Clerck YA (1982) Extracellular matrix destruction by invasive tumor cells. Cancer Metastasis Rev 1:289–317PubMedCrossRef Jones PA, De Clerck YA (1982) Extracellular matrix destruction by invasive tumor cells. Cancer Metastasis Rev 1:289–317PubMedCrossRef
61.
go back to reference Pauli BU, Schwartz DE, Thonar EJ, Kuettner KE (1983) Tumor invasion and host extracellular matrix. Cancer Metastasis Rev 2:129–152PubMedCrossRef Pauli BU, Schwartz DE, Thonar EJ, Kuettner KE (1983) Tumor invasion and host extracellular matrix. Cancer Metastasis Rev 2:129–152PubMedCrossRef
62.
go back to reference Gospodarowicz D (1983) Growth factors and their action in vivo and in vitro. J Pathol 141:201–233PubMedCrossRef Gospodarowicz D (1983) Growth factors and their action in vivo and in vitro. J Pathol 141:201–233PubMedCrossRef
63.
64.
go back to reference Bissell MJ, Barcellos-Hoff MH (1987) The influence of extracellular matrix on gene expression: is structure the message? J Cell Sci Suppl 8:327–343PubMed Bissell MJ, Barcellos-Hoff MH (1987) The influence of extracellular matrix on gene expression: is structure the message? J Cell Sci Suppl 8:327–343PubMed
65.
go back to reference Delinassios JG (1987) Fibroblasts against cancer cells in vitro. Anticancer Res 7:1005–1010PubMed Delinassios JG (1987) Fibroblasts against cancer cells in vitro. Anticancer Res 7:1005–1010PubMed
66.
67.
go back to reference Schor SL, Haggie JA, Durning P et al (1986) Occurrence of a fetal fibroblast phenotype in familial breast cancer. Int J Cancer 37:831–836PubMedCrossRef Schor SL, Haggie JA, Durning P et al (1986) Occurrence of a fetal fibroblast phenotype in familial breast cancer. Int J Cancer 37:831–836PubMedCrossRef
68.
go back to reference Schmidt A, Weber OF (2006) In memoriam of Rudolf Virchow: a historical retrospective including aspects of inflammation, infection and neoplasia. Contrib Microbiol 13:1–15PubMedCrossRef Schmidt A, Weber OF (2006) In memoriam of Rudolf Virchow: a historical retrospective including aspects of inflammation, infection and neoplasia. Contrib Microbiol 13:1–15PubMedCrossRef
69.
go back to reference Balkwill F, Charles KA, Mantovani A (2005) Smoldering and polarized inflammation in the initiation and promotion of malignant disease. Cancer Cell 7:211–217PubMedCrossRef Balkwill F, Charles KA, Mantovani A (2005) Smoldering and polarized inflammation in the initiation and promotion of malignant disease. Cancer Cell 7:211–217PubMedCrossRef
70.
71.
go back to reference Condeelis J, Pollard JW (2006) Macrophages: obligate partners for tumor cell migration, invasion, and metastasis. Cell 124:263–266PubMedCrossRef Condeelis J, Pollard JW (2006) Macrophages: obligate partners for tumor cell migration, invasion, and metastasis. Cell 124:263–266PubMedCrossRef
72.
go back to reference Tan TT, Coussens LM (2007) Humoral immunity, inflammation and cancer. Curr Opin Immunol 19:209–216PubMedCrossRef Tan TT, Coussens LM (2007) Humoral immunity, inflammation and cancer. Curr Opin Immunol 19:209–216PubMedCrossRef
73.
go back to reference Witz IP (2008) Yin-yang activities and vicious cycles in the tumor microenvironment. Cancer Res 68:9–13PubMedCrossRef Witz IP (2008) Yin-yang activities and vicious cycles in the tumor microenvironment. Cancer Res 68:9–13PubMedCrossRef
74.
go back to reference Mantovani A, Bottazzi B, Colotta F et al (1992) The origin and function of tumor-associated macrophages. Immunol Today 13:265–270PubMedCrossRef Mantovani A, Bottazzi B, Colotta F et al (1992) The origin and function of tumor-associated macrophages. Immunol Today 13:265–270PubMedCrossRef
75.
go back to reference Brigati C, Noonan DM, Albini A et al (2002) Tumors and inflammatory infiltrates: Friends or foes? Clin Exp Metastasis 19:247–258PubMedCrossRef Brigati C, Noonan DM, Albini A et al (2002) Tumors and inflammatory infiltrates: Friends or foes? Clin Exp Metastasis 19:247–258PubMedCrossRef
76.
go back to reference Dirkx AE, Oude Egbrink MG, Wagstaff J et al (2006) Monocyte/macrophage infiltration in tumors: Modulators of angiogenesis. J Leukoc Biol 80:1183–1196PubMedCrossRef Dirkx AE, Oude Egbrink MG, Wagstaff J et al (2006) Monocyte/macrophage infiltration in tumors: Modulators of angiogenesis. J Leukoc Biol 80:1183–1196PubMedCrossRef
77.
go back to reference Lamagna C, Aurrand-Lions M, Imhof BA (2006) Dual role of macrophages in tumor growth and angiogenesis. J Leukoc Biol 80:705–713PubMedCrossRef Lamagna C, Aurrand-Lions M, Imhof BA (2006) Dual role of macrophages in tumor growth and angiogenesis. J Leukoc Biol 80:705–713PubMedCrossRef
78.
go back to reference Talmadge JE, Donkor M, Scholar E (2007) Inflammatory cell infiltration of tumors: Jekyll or Hyde. Cancer Metastasis Rev 26:373–400PubMedCrossRef Talmadge JE, Donkor M, Scholar E (2007) Inflammatory cell infiltration of tumors: Jekyll or Hyde. Cancer Metastasis Rev 26:373–400PubMedCrossRef
79.
go back to reference Whitworth PW, Pak CC, Esgro J et al (1990) Macrophages and cancer. Cancer Metastasis Rev 8:319–351PubMedCrossRef Whitworth PW, Pak CC, Esgro J et al (1990) Macrophages and cancer. Cancer Metastasis Rev 8:319–351PubMedCrossRef
80.
go back to reference Pak CC, Fidler IJ (1991) Molecular mechanisms for activated macrophage recognition of tumor cells. Semin Cancer Biol 2:189–195PubMed Pak CC, Fidler IJ (1991) Molecular mechanisms for activated macrophage recognition of tumor cells. Semin Cancer Biol 2:189–195PubMed
81.
go back to reference Lin EY, Pollard JW (2004) Role of infiltrated leucocytes in tumour growth and spread. Br J Cancer 90:2053–2058PubMedCrossRef Lin EY, Pollard JW (2004) Role of infiltrated leucocytes in tumour growth and spread. Br J Cancer 90:2053–2058PubMedCrossRef
82.
go back to reference Pollard JW (2004) Tumour-educated macrophages promote tumour progression and metastasis. Nat Rev Cancer 4:71–78PubMedCrossRef Pollard JW (2004) Tumour-educated macrophages promote tumour progression and metastasis. Nat Rev Cancer 4:71–78PubMedCrossRef
83.
go back to reference Mantovani A, Schioppa T, Porta C et al (2006) Role of tumor-associated macrophages in tumor progression and invasion. Cancer Metastasis Rev 25:315–322PubMedCrossRef Mantovani A, Schioppa T, Porta C et al (2006) Role of tumor-associated macrophages in tumor progression and invasion. Cancer Metastasis Rev 25:315–322PubMedCrossRef
84.
go back to reference Pawelek J, Chakraborty A, Lazova R et al (2006) Co-opting macrophage traits in cancer progression: A consequence of tumor cell fusion? Contrib Microbiol 13:138–155PubMedCrossRef Pawelek J, Chakraborty A, Lazova R et al (2006) Co-opting macrophage traits in cancer progression: A consequence of tumor cell fusion? Contrib Microbiol 13:138–155PubMedCrossRef
85.
go back to reference Allavena P, Sica A, Solinas G et al (2008) The inflammatory micro-environment in tumor progression: The role of tumor-associated macrophages. Crit Rev Oncol Hematol 66:1–9PubMedCrossRef Allavena P, Sica A, Solinas G et al (2008) The inflammatory micro-environment in tumor progression: The role of tumor-associated macrophages. Crit Rev Oncol Hematol 66:1–9PubMedCrossRef
86.
go back to reference Gazzaniga S, Bravo AI, Guglielmotti A et al (2007) Targeting tumor-associated macrophages and inhibition of MCP-1 reduce angiogenesis and tumor growth in a human melanoma xenograft. J Invest Dermatol 127:2031–2041PubMedCrossRef Gazzaniga S, Bravo AI, Guglielmotti A et al (2007) Targeting tumor-associated macrophages and inhibition of MCP-1 reduce angiogenesis and tumor growth in a human melanoma xenograft. J Invest Dermatol 127:2031–2041PubMedCrossRef
87.
go back to reference Schwantke N, Le Bouffant F, Dorée M et al (1985) Protein kinase C: properties and possible role in cellular division and differentiation. Biochimie 67:1103–1110PubMedCrossRef Schwantke N, Le Bouffant F, Dorée M et al (1985) Protein kinase C: properties and possible role in cellular division and differentiation. Biochimie 67:1103–1110PubMedCrossRef
88.
89.
go back to reference Stryer L, Bourne HR (1986) G proteins: a family of signal transducers. Annu Rev Cell Biol 2:391–419PubMedCrossRef Stryer L, Bourne HR (1986) G proteins: a family of signal transducers. Annu Rev Cell Biol 2:391–419PubMedCrossRef
90.
go back to reference Bregman MD, Sipes NJ (1986) Transformation-related growth factors and their receptors. Int J Cell Cloning 4:224–236PubMedCrossRef Bregman MD, Sipes NJ (1986) Transformation-related growth factors and their receptors. Int J Cell Cloning 4:224–236PubMedCrossRef
91.
go back to reference Bradshaw TK (1986) Cell transformation: the role of oncogenes and growth factors. Mutagenesis 1:91–97PubMedCrossRef Bradshaw TK (1986) Cell transformation: the role of oncogenes and growth factors. Mutagenesis 1:91–97PubMedCrossRef
92.
go back to reference Klausner RD, Patel MD, O’Shea JJ et al (1987) Phosphorylation of the T cell antigen receptor: multiple signal transduction pathways. J Cell Physiol Suppl 5:49–51PubMedCrossRef Klausner RD, Patel MD, O’Shea JJ et al (1987) Phosphorylation of the T cell antigen receptor: multiple signal transduction pathways. J Cell Physiol Suppl 5:49–51PubMedCrossRef
93.
go back to reference Castagna M (1987) Phorbol esters as signal transducers and tumor promoters. Biol Cell 59:3–13PubMed Castagna M (1987) Phorbol esters as signal transducers and tumor promoters. Biol Cell 59:3–13PubMed
94.
go back to reference Bockenstedt LK, Goldsmith MA, Koretzky GA et al (1987) The activation of T lymphocytes. Rheum Dis Clin North Am 13:411–430PubMed Bockenstedt LK, Goldsmith MA, Koretzky GA et al (1987) The activation of T lymphocytes. Rheum Dis Clin North Am 13:411–430PubMed
95.
go back to reference Lockwood AH, Murphy SK, Se B et al (1987) Cellular signal transduction and the reversal of malignancy. J Cell Biochem 33:237–255PubMedCrossRef Lockwood AH, Murphy SK, Se B et al (1987) Cellular signal transduction and the reversal of malignancy. J Cell Biochem 33:237–255PubMedCrossRef
96.
go back to reference Linch DC, Wallace DL, O’Flynn K (1987) Signal transduction in human T lymphocytes. Immunol Rev 95:137–159PubMedCrossRef Linch DC, Wallace DL, O’Flynn K (1987) Signal transduction in human T lymphocytes. Immunol Rev 95:137–159PubMedCrossRef
97.
go back to reference Bourne HR (1988) Signals past, present, and future. Cold Spring Harb Symp Quant Biol 53:1019–1031PubMed Bourne HR (1988) Signals past, present, and future. Cold Spring Harb Symp Quant Biol 53:1019–1031PubMed
98.
go back to reference Hunter T, Angel P, Boyle WJ et al (1988) Targets for signal-transducing protein kinases. Cold Spring Harb Symp Quant Biol 53:131–142PubMed Hunter T, Angel P, Boyle WJ et al (1988) Targets for signal-transducing protein kinases. Cold Spring Harb Symp Quant Biol 53:131–142PubMed
99.
go back to reference Goldsmith MA, Weiss A (1988) Generation and analysis of a T-lymphocyte somatic mutant for studying molecular aspects of signal transduction by the antigen receptor. Ann N Y Acad Sci 546:91–103PubMedCrossRef Goldsmith MA, Weiss A (1988) Generation and analysis of a T-lymphocyte somatic mutant for studying molecular aspects of signal transduction by the antigen receptor. Ann N Y Acad Sci 546:91–103PubMedCrossRef
100.
go back to reference Weinstein IB (1988) Strategies for inhibiting multistage carcinogenesis based on signal transduction pathways. Mutat Res 202:413–420PubMed Weinstein IB (1988) Strategies for inhibiting multistage carcinogenesis based on signal transduction pathways. Mutat Res 202:413–420PubMed
101.
go back to reference Harris AL, Nicholson S (1988) Epidermal growth factor receptors in human breast cancer. Cancer Treat Res 40:93–118PubMed Harris AL, Nicholson S (1988) Epidermal growth factor receptors in human breast cancer. Cancer Treat Res 40:93–118PubMed
102.
go back to reference Liotta LA, Stracke ML (1988) Tumor invasion and metastases: biochemical mechanisms. Cancer Treat Res 40:223–238PubMed Liotta LA, Stracke ML (1988) Tumor invasion and metastases: biochemical mechanisms. Cancer Treat Res 40:223–238PubMed
103.
go back to reference Dillon SB, Verghese MW, Snyderman R (1988) Signal transduction in cells following binding of chemoattractants to membrane receptors. Virchows Arch B Cell Pathol Incl Mol Pathol 55:65–80PubMed Dillon SB, Verghese MW, Snyderman R (1988) Signal transduction in cells following binding of chemoattractants to membrane receptors. Virchows Arch B Cell Pathol Incl Mol Pathol 55:65–80PubMed
104.
go back to reference Blumberg DD, Comer JF, Higinbotham KG (1988) A Ca2+-dependent signal transduction system participates in coupling expression of some cAMP-dependent prespore genes to the cell surface receptor. Dev Genet 9:359–369PubMedCrossRef Blumberg DD, Comer JF, Higinbotham KG (1988) A Ca2+-dependent signal transduction system participates in coupling expression of some cAMP-dependent prespore genes to the cell surface receptor. Dev Genet 9:359–369PubMedCrossRef
105.
go back to reference Yuspa SH, Hennings H, Tucker RW et al (1988) Signal transduction for proliferation and differentiation in keratinocytes. Ann N Y Acad Sci 548:191–196PubMedCrossRef Yuspa SH, Hennings H, Tucker RW et al (1988) Signal transduction for proliferation and differentiation in keratinocytes. Ann N Y Acad Sci 548:191–196PubMedCrossRef
106.
go back to reference Roskelley CD, Desprez PY, Bissell MJ (1994) Extracellular matrix-dependent tissue-specific gene expression in mammary epithelial cells requires both physical and biochemical signal transduction. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 91:12378–12382PubMedCrossRef Roskelley CD, Desprez PY, Bissell MJ (1994) Extracellular matrix-dependent tissue-specific gene expression in mammary epithelial cells requires both physical and biochemical signal transduction. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 91:12378–12382PubMedCrossRef
107.
go back to reference Boudreau N, Myers C, Bissell MJ (1995) From laminin to lamin: regulation of tissue-specific gene expression by the ECM. Trends Cell Biol 5:1–4PubMedCrossRef Boudreau N, Myers C, Bissell MJ (1995) From laminin to lamin: regulation of tissue-specific gene expression by the ECM. Trends Cell Biol 5:1–4PubMedCrossRef
108.
go back to reference Mazure NM, Chen EY, Yeh P et al (1996) Oncogenic Transformation and Hypoxia Synergistically Act to Modulate Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor Expression. Cancer Research 56:3436–3440PubMed Mazure NM, Chen EY, Yeh P et al (1996) Oncogenic Transformation and Hypoxia Synergistically Act to Modulate Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor Expression. Cancer Research 56:3436–3440PubMed
109.
go back to reference Halachmi E, Witz IP (1989) Differential tumorigenicity of 3T3 cells transformed in vitro with polyoma virus and in vivo selection for high tumorigenicity. Cancer Res 49:2383–2389PubMed Halachmi E, Witz IP (1989) Differential tumorigenicity of 3T3 cells transformed in vitro with polyoma virus and in vivo selection for high tumorigenicity. Cancer Res 49:2383–2389PubMed
110.
go back to reference Lochter A, Bissell MJ (1995) Involvement of extracellular matrix constituents in breast cancer. Semin Cancer Biol 6:165–173PubMedCrossRef Lochter A, Bissell MJ (1995) Involvement of extracellular matrix constituents in breast cancer. Semin Cancer Biol 6:165–173PubMedCrossRef
111.
go back to reference Weaver VM, Fischer AH, Peterson OW et al (1996) The importance of the microenvironment in breast cancer progression: recapitulation of mammary tumorigenesis using a unique human mammary epithelial cell model and a three-dimensional culture assay. Biochem Cell Biol 74:833–851PubMedCrossRef Weaver VM, Fischer AH, Peterson OW et al (1996) The importance of the microenvironment in breast cancer progression: recapitulation of mammary tumorigenesis using a unique human mammary epithelial cell model and a three-dimensional culture assay. Biochem Cell Biol 74:833–851PubMedCrossRef
112.
go back to reference Park CC, Bissell MJ, Barcellos-Hoff MH (2000) The influence of the microenvironment on the malignant phenotype. Mol Med Today 6:324–329PubMedCrossRef Park CC, Bissell MJ, Barcellos-Hoff MH (2000) The influence of the microenvironment on the malignant phenotype. Mol Med Today 6:324–329PubMedCrossRef
113.
go back to reference Sager R (1997) Expression genetics in cancer: shifting the focus from DNA to RNA. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 94:952–955PubMedCrossRef Sager R (1997) Expression genetics in cancer: shifting the focus from DNA to RNA. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 94:952–955PubMedCrossRef
114.
115.
go back to reference Cho-Chung YS, Clair T, Tortora G et al (1991) Suppression of malignancy targeting the intracellular signal transducing proteins of cAMP: the use of site-selective cAMP analogs, antisense strategy, and gene transfer. Life Sci 48:1123–1132PubMedCrossRef Cho-Chung YS, Clair T, Tortora G et al (1991) Suppression of malignancy targeting the intracellular signal transducing proteins of cAMP: the use of site-selective cAMP analogs, antisense strategy, and gene transfer. Life Sci 48:1123–1132PubMedCrossRef
116.
go back to reference Lupu R, Lippman ME, William L (1993) The role of erbB2 signal transduction pathways in human breast cancer. Breast Cancer Res Treat 27:83–93PubMedCrossRef Lupu R, Lippman ME, William L (1993) The role of erbB2 signal transduction pathways in human breast cancer. Breast Cancer Res Treat 27:83–93PubMedCrossRef
117.
go back to reference Cole K, Kohn E (1994) Calcium-mediated signal transduction: biology, biochemistry, and therapy. Cancer Metastasis Rev 13:31–44PubMedCrossRef Cole K, Kohn E (1994) Calcium-mediated signal transduction: biology, biochemistry, and therapy. Cancer Metastasis Rev 13:31–44PubMedCrossRef
118.
go back to reference Heimbrook DC, Oliff A (1998) Therapeutic intervention and signaling. Curr Opin Cell Biol 10:284–288PubMedCrossRef Heimbrook DC, Oliff A (1998) Therapeutic intervention and signaling. Curr Opin Cell Biol 10:284–288PubMedCrossRef
119.
go back to reference Adams J, Palombella VJ, Elliott PJ (2000) Proteasome inhibition: a new strategy in cancer treatment. Invest New Drugs 18:109–121PubMedCrossRef Adams J, Palombella VJ, Elliott PJ (2000) Proteasome inhibition: a new strategy in cancer treatment. Invest New Drugs 18:109–121PubMedCrossRef
120.
go back to reference Chambers AF, MacDonald IC, Schmidt EE et al (2000) Clinical targets for anti-metastasis therapy. Adv Cancer Res 79:91–121PubMedCrossRef Chambers AF, MacDonald IC, Schmidt EE et al (2000) Clinical targets for anti-metastasis therapy. Adv Cancer Res 79:91–121PubMedCrossRef
121.
go back to reference Talpaz M (2001) Interferon-alfa-based treatment of chronic myeloid leukemia and implications of signal transduction inhibition. Semin Hematol 38:22–27PubMedCrossRef Talpaz M (2001) Interferon-alfa-based treatment of chronic myeloid leukemia and implications of signal transduction inhibition. Semin Hematol 38:22–27PubMedCrossRef
122.
go back to reference Baselga J, Albanell J (2001) Mechanism of action of anti-HER2 monoclonal antibodies. Ann Oncol 12:S35–41PubMedCrossRef Baselga J, Albanell J (2001) Mechanism of action of anti-HER2 monoclonal antibodies. Ann Oncol 12:S35–41PubMedCrossRef
123.
go back to reference Demetri GD (2001) Targeting c-kit mutations in solid tumors: scientific rationale and novel therapeutic options. Semin Oncol 28:19–26PubMedCrossRef Demetri GD (2001) Targeting c-kit mutations in solid tumors: scientific rationale and novel therapeutic options. Semin Oncol 28:19–26PubMedCrossRef
124.
125.
go back to reference Rüegg C, Dormond O, Foletti A (2002) Suppression of tumor angiogenesis through the inhibition of integrin function and signaling in endothelial cells: which side to target? Endothelium 9:151–160PubMedCrossRef Rüegg C, Dormond O, Foletti A (2002) Suppression of tumor angiogenesis through the inhibition of integrin function and signaling in endothelial cells: which side to target? Endothelium 9:151–160PubMedCrossRef
126.
go back to reference Baselga J (2002) Why the epidermal growth factor receptor? The rationale for cancer therapy. Oncologist 7:2–8PubMedCrossRef Baselga J (2002) Why the epidermal growth factor receptor? The rationale for cancer therapy. Oncologist 7:2–8PubMedCrossRef
127.
go back to reference Ferrara N (2002) Role of vascular endothelial growth factor in physiologic and pathologic angiogenesis: therapeutic implications. Semin Oncol 29:10–14PubMed Ferrara N (2002) Role of vascular endothelial growth factor in physiologic and pathologic angiogenesis: therapeutic implications. Semin Oncol 29:10–14PubMed
128.
129.
go back to reference Mendelsohn J, Baselga J (2003) Status of epidermal growth factor receptor antagonists in the biology and treatment of cancer. J Clin Oncol 21:2787–2799PubMedCrossRef Mendelsohn J, Baselga J (2003) Status of epidermal growth factor receptor antagonists in the biology and treatment of cancer. J Clin Oncol 21:2787–2799PubMedCrossRef
130.
go back to reference Klein S, Levitzki A (2009) Targeting the EGFR and the PKB pathway in cancer. Curr Opin Cell Biol 21:185–193PubMedCrossRef Klein S, Levitzki A (2009) Targeting the EGFR and the PKB pathway in cancer. Curr Opin Cell Biol 21:185–193PubMedCrossRef
131.
go back to reference Linger RM, Keating AK, Earp HS et al (2008) TAM receptor tyrosine kinases: biologic functions, signaling, and potential therapeutic targeting in human cancer. Adv Cancer Res 100:35–83PubMedCrossRef Linger RM, Keating AK, Earp HS et al (2008) TAM receptor tyrosine kinases: biologic functions, signaling, and potential therapeutic targeting in human cancer. Adv Cancer Res 100:35–83PubMedCrossRef
132.
go back to reference Ashkenazi A (2008) Targeting the extrinsic apoptosis pathway in cancer. Cytokine Growth Factor Rev 19:325–331PubMedCrossRef Ashkenazi A (2008) Targeting the extrinsic apoptosis pathway in cancer. Cytokine Growth Factor Rev 19:325–331PubMedCrossRef
133.
go back to reference Jakowlew SB (2006) Transforming growth factor-beta in cancer and metastasis. Cancer Metastasis Rev 25:435–457PubMedCrossRef Jakowlew SB (2006) Transforming growth factor-beta in cancer and metastasis. Cancer Metastasis Rev 25:435–457PubMedCrossRef
134.
go back to reference Witz IP, Levy-Nissenbaum O (2006) The tumor microenvironment in the post-PAGET era. Cancer Lett. 242:1–10PubMedCrossRef Witz IP, Levy-Nissenbaum O (2006) The tumor microenvironment in the post-PAGET era. Cancer Lett. 242:1–10PubMedCrossRef
135.
go back to reference Witz IP (2008) Tumor-microenvironment interactions: dangerous liaisons. Adv Cancer Res 100:203–229PubMedCrossRef Witz IP (2008) Tumor-microenvironment interactions: dangerous liaisons. Adv Cancer Res 100:203–229PubMedCrossRef
136.
go back to reference Murphy G (2008) The ADAMs: signalling scissors in the tumour microenvironment. Nat Rev Cancer 8:929–941PubMedCrossRef Murphy G (2008) The ADAMs: signalling scissors in the tumour microenvironment. Nat Rev Cancer 8:929–941PubMedCrossRef
137.
go back to reference Hu M, Polyak K (2008) Molecular characterisation of the tumour microenvironment in breast cancer. Eur J Cancer 44:2760–2765PubMedCrossRef Hu M, Polyak K (2008) Molecular characterisation of the tumour microenvironment in breast cancer. Eur J Cancer 44:2760–2765PubMedCrossRef
138.
go back to reference Hanna E, Quick J, Libutti SK (2009) The tumour microenvironment: a novel target for cancer therapy. Oral Dis 15:8–17PubMedCrossRef Hanna E, Quick J, Libutti SK (2009) The tumour microenvironment: a novel target for cancer therapy. Oral Dis 15:8–17PubMedCrossRef
139.
go back to reference Lorusso G, Rüegg C (2008) The tumor microenvironment and its contribution to tumor evolution toward metastasis. Histochem Cell Biol 130:1091–1103PubMedCrossRef Lorusso G, Rüegg C (2008) The tumor microenvironment and its contribution to tumor evolution toward metastasis. Histochem Cell Biol 130:1091–1103PubMedCrossRef
140.
go back to reference Shojaei F, Ferrara N (2008) Role of the microenvironment in tumor growth and in refractoriness/resistance to anti-angiogenic therapies. Drug Resist Updat 11:219–230PubMedCrossRef Shojaei F, Ferrara N (2008) Role of the microenvironment in tumor growth and in refractoriness/resistance to anti-angiogenic therapies. Drug Resist Updat 11:219–230PubMedCrossRef
141.
go back to reference Whiteside TL (2008) The tumor microenvironment and its role in promoting tumor growth. Oncogene 27:5904–5912PubMedCrossRef Whiteside TL (2008) The tumor microenvironment and its role in promoting tumor growth. Oncogene 27:5904–5912PubMedCrossRef
142.
go back to reference Wikman H, Vessella R, Pantel K (2008) Cancer micrometastasis and tumour dormancy. APMIS 116:754–770PubMedCrossRef Wikman H, Vessella R, Pantel K (2008) Cancer micrometastasis and tumour dormancy. APMIS 116:754–770PubMedCrossRef
143.
go back to reference Rademakers SE, Span PN, Kaanders JH et al (2008) Molecular aspects of tumour hypoxia. Mol Oncol 2:41–53PubMedCrossRef Rademakers SE, Span PN, Kaanders JH et al (2008) Molecular aspects of tumour hypoxia. Mol Oncol 2:41–53PubMedCrossRef
144.
go back to reference Mendoza M, Khanna C (2009) Revisiting the seed and soil in cancer metastasis. Int J Biochem Cell Biol 41:1452–1462PubMedCrossRef Mendoza M, Khanna C (2009) Revisiting the seed and soil in cancer metastasis. Int J Biochem Cell Biol 41:1452–1462PubMedCrossRef
145.
go back to reference Melnikova VO, Bar-Eli M (2009) Inflammation and melanoma metastasis. Pigment Cell Melanoma Res 22:257–267PubMedCrossRef Melnikova VO, Bar-Eli M (2009) Inflammation and melanoma metastasis. Pigment Cell Melanoma Res 22:257–267PubMedCrossRef
146.
go back to reference Klymkowsky MW, Savagner P (2009) Epithelial-mesenchymal transition: a cancer researcher’s conceptual friend and foe. Am J Pathol 174:1588–1593PubMedCrossRef Klymkowsky MW, Savagner P (2009) Epithelial-mesenchymal transition: a cancer researcher’s conceptual friend and foe. Am J Pathol 174:1588–1593PubMedCrossRef
147.
go back to reference Joyce JA, Pollard JW (2009) Microenvironmental regulation of metastasis. Nat Rev Cancer 9:239–252PubMedCrossRef Joyce JA, Pollard JW (2009) Microenvironmental regulation of metastasis. Nat Rev Cancer 9:239–252PubMedCrossRef
148.
go back to reference Richmond A, Yang J, Su Y (2009) The good and the bad of chemokines/chemokine receptors in melanoma. Pigment Cell Melanoma Res 22:175–186PubMedCrossRef Richmond A, Yang J, Su Y (2009) The good and the bad of chemokines/chemokine receptors in melanoma. Pigment Cell Melanoma Res 22:175–186PubMedCrossRef
149.
go back to reference Anton K, Glod J (2009) Targeting the tumor stroma in cancer therapy. Curr Pharm Biotechnol 10:185–191PubMedCrossRef Anton K, Glod J (2009) Targeting the tumor stroma in cancer therapy. Curr Pharm Biotechnol 10:185–191PubMedCrossRef
150.
go back to reference Zumsteg A, Christofori G (2009) Corrupt policemen: inflammatory cells promote tumor angiogenesis. Curr Opin Oncol 21:60–70PubMedCrossRef Zumsteg A, Christofori G (2009) Corrupt policemen: inflammatory cells promote tumor angiogenesis. Curr Opin Oncol 21:60–70PubMedCrossRef
151.
go back to reference Pittet MJ (2009) Behavior of immune players in the tumor microenvironment. Curr Opin Oncol 21:53–59PubMedCrossRef Pittet MJ (2009) Behavior of immune players in the tumor microenvironment. Curr Opin Oncol 21:53–59PubMedCrossRef
152.
go back to reference Smalley KS, Herlyn M (2009) Integrating tumor-initiating cells into the paradigm for melanoma targeted therapy. Int J Cancer 124:1245–1250PubMedCrossRef Smalley KS, Herlyn M (2009) Integrating tumor-initiating cells into the paradigm for melanoma targeted therapy. Int J Cancer 124:1245–1250PubMedCrossRef
153.
go back to reference Mbeunkui F, Johann DJ Jr (2009) Cancer and the tumor microenvironment: a review of an essential relationship. Cancer Chemother Pharmacol 63:571–582PubMedCrossRef Mbeunkui F, Johann DJ Jr (2009) Cancer and the tumor microenvironment: a review of an essential relationship. Cancer Chemother Pharmacol 63:571–582PubMedCrossRef
154.
go back to reference Polyak K, Haviv I, Campbell IG (2009) Co-evolution of tumor cells and their microenvironment. Trends Genet 25:30–38PubMedCrossRef Polyak K, Haviv I, Campbell IG (2009) Co-evolution of tumor cells and their microenvironment. Trends Genet 25:30–38PubMedCrossRef
156.
go back to reference Somasundaram R, Herlyn D (2009) Chemokines and the microenvironment in neuroectodermal tumor-host interaction. Semin Cancer Biol 19:92–96PubMedCrossRef Somasundaram R, Herlyn D (2009) Chemokines and the microenvironment in neuroectodermal tumor-host interaction. Semin Cancer Biol 19:92–96PubMedCrossRef
157.
go back to reference Pfeifer AC, Timmer J, Klingmüller U (2008) Systems biology of JAK/STAT signalling. Essays Biochem 45:109–120PubMedCrossRef Pfeifer AC, Timmer J, Klingmüller U (2008) Systems biology of JAK/STAT signalling. Essays Biochem 45:109–120PubMedCrossRef
158.
go back to reference Schrattenholz A, Soskić V (2008) What does systems biology mean for drug development? Curr Med Chem 15:1520–1528PubMedCrossRef Schrattenholz A, Soskić V (2008) What does systems biology mean for drug development? Curr Med Chem 15:1520–1528PubMedCrossRef
159.
go back to reference Li H, Sun Y, Zhan M (2009) Exploring pathways from gene co-expression to network dynamics. Methods Mol Biol 541:249–267PubMed Li H, Sun Y, Zhan M (2009) Exploring pathways from gene co-expression to network dynamics. Methods Mol Biol 541:249–267PubMed
Metadata
Title
The Tumor Microenvironment: The Making of a Paradigm
Author
Isaac P. Witz
Publication date
01-09-2009
Publisher
Springer Netherlands
Published in
Cancer Microenvironment / Issue Special Issue 1/2009
Print ISSN: 1875-2292
Electronic ISSN: 1875-2284
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1007/s12307-009-0025-8

Other articles of this Special Issue 1/2009

Cancer Microenvironment 1/2009 Go to the issue

News

Index

Webinar | 19-02-2024 | 17:30 (CET)

Keynote webinar | Spotlight on antibody–drug conjugates in cancer

Antibody–drug conjugates (ADCs) are novel agents that have shown promise across multiple tumor types. Explore the current landscape of ADCs in breast and lung cancer with our experts, and gain insights into the mechanism of action, key clinical trials data, existing challenges, and future directions.

Dr. Véronique Diéras
Prof. Fabrice Barlesi
Developed by: Springer Medicine